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nArgBP2 regulates excitatory synapse formation by controlling dendritic spine morphology
Lee, Sang-Eun,Kim, Yoonju,Han, Jeong-Kyu,Park, Hoyong,Lee, Unghwi,Na, Myeongsu,Jeong, Soomin,Chung, ChiHye,Cestra, Gianluca,Chang, Sunghoe National Academy of Sciences 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.113 No.24
<P>Neural Abelson-related gene-binding protein 2 (nArgBP2) was originally identified as a protein that directly interacts with synapseassociated protein 90/postsynaptic density protein 95-associated protein 3 (SAPAP3), a postsynaptic scaffolding protein critical for the assembly of glutamatergic synapses. Although genetic deletion of nArgBP2 in mice leads to manic/bipolar-like behaviors resembling many aspects of symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder, the actual function of nArgBP2 at the synapse is completely unknown. Here, we found that the knockdown (KD) of nArgBP2 by specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) resulted in a dramatic change in dendritic spine morphology. Reintroducing shRNA-resistant nArgBP2 reversed these defects. In particular, nArgBP2 KD impaired spinesynapse formation such that excitatory synapses terminated mostly at dendritic shafts instead of spine heads in spiny neurons, although inhibitory synapse formation was not affected. nArgBP2 KD further caused a marked increase of actin cytoskeleton dynamics in spines, which was associated with increased Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein-family verprolin homologous protein 1 (WAVE1)/p21-activated kinase (PAK) phosphorylation and reduced activity of cofilin. These effects of nArgBP2 KD in spines were rescued by inhibiting PAK or activating cofilin combined with sequestration of WAVE. Together, our results suggest that nArgBP2 functions to regulate spine morphogenesis and subsequent spine-synapse formation at glutamatergic synapses. They also raise the possibility that the aberrant regulation of synaptic actin filaments caused by reduced nArgBP2 expression may contribute to the manifestation of the synaptic dysfunction observed in manic/bipolar disorder.</P>
Lee, Junghun,Jung, Hoyong,Kim, Minjung,Lee, Eunkyu,Im, Daseul,Aman, Waqar,Hah, Jung-Mi Elsevier 2018 Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry Vol.26 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A series of 4-aryl-thieno[1,4]diazepin-2-one were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against the A375P melanoma and U937 hematopoietic cell lines. Several compounds showed very potent antiproliferative activities toward both cell lines and the activities were better than that of sorafenib, the reference standard. Derivatives were made as amide (<B>8a</B>–<B>8i</B>, <B>9a</B>–<B>9m</B>) and urea (<B>10a</B>–<B>10d</B>, <B>11a</B>–<B>11d</B>) with diverse hydrophobic moieties. One of the most potent inhibitor <B>10d</B>, 1-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-<I>1H</I>-thieno [3,4-<I>b</I>][1,4]diazepin-4-yl)phenyl)urea was found to be very potent inhibitor of multi-protein kinases including FMS kinase (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 3.73 nM) and is a promising candidate for further development in therapeutics for cancer.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
이호용(Lee, HoYong) 한양법학회 2012 漢陽法學 Vol.23 No.2
Advertisement has profit-making function but get solved information asymmetry between supplier and demander about goods and services to do best useful selection. However, sometimes by the character of demand object advertisement is restricted. Excess advertisement can hurt selection possibility, Representative of this is medical advertising. Medical is as typical field in that “consumer’s ignorance” act, evils of so called medical nemesis occur easily. Korea loosen regulation of medical advertising widely after medical advertising on medical law is unconstitutional by Constitutional Court in 2005. Medical law reformation of Japan effect on this fairly. In Japan, 1992 when information society begin, through the second revised medical law, medical advertising is deregulated to some degree to cope with information society. In this revision the viewpoint of “To be accepted is to be admitted and the others are banned” is emphasized. In the third revised medical law of 1997 medical advertising is deregulated in view point of promotion of medical information “in sides of patients.” At that time “informed consent” had been emphasized in the same reason. In the 4th revised medical law of 2001 medical advertising is deregulated as following, homepage-address of medical agency, medical treatment methods, the number of operation. In the 5th revised medical law of 2007 in the view point of medical consumer protection medical information and advertising deregulation is tried of suffers to select more profer medical agency. Specially regulation system of objects of medical advertising was changed from list-up to general regualtion, that is most characteristic contents of this revision. In theory study on medical advertising regulation in judicial case and academic world, “medical advertising as commercial expression, if its truth is guaranteed, is secured about the same as the freedom of expression.”has been discussed.
토지의 공공성과 재산권성의 갈등조정기제로서의 참가와 소통
이호용(Lee, Hoyong) 세계헌법학회 한국학회 2011 世界憲法硏究 Vol.17 No.3
이 논문에서는 도시기반조성을 위한 토지이용에 있어 발생하는 토지의 사회적 구속성으로 인한 공공성과 재산권의 갈등 관계를 의사소통을 기재로 조정하고 해소하는 논리를 구성하였다. 우리나라에서 토지소유에 대한 제한은 유럽이나 미국의 그것에 비해 ‘약한 공공개입’을 취하고 있다. 그것은 ‘강한 토지 소유’를 인정하는데 기인하며 토지이용시 토지의 소유와 공적 개입 간에 적절한 조화를 이루지 못하여 발생하는 현상이다. 따라서 본 연구는 왜 토지의 소유와 공적 개입 간에 조화를 이루지 못하게 되었는지, 조화를 이루기 위해서는 어떻게 해야 하는지 모색해 보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 우리나라에서 도시기반조성이 충분하지 아니한 것은 토지가 협소하다거나 땅투기를 많이 해서 지가가 높다거나 하는 것보다는 토지를 유효하고 적절하게 이용하지 못하는 점에 있고, 이것은 토지에 대한 공공적 개입은 약한데 비해 토지의 사적 소유권을 강하게 인식하게 되는 경향에서 기인하는 것이다. 그렇다면 이러한 현상의 근본적인 원인은 어디에 있는 것일까? 그것은 토지의 소유자 등이 도시기반을 조성하는 도시계획 등에 결정의 주체로서 참가하지 못하기 때문이다. 그것은 도시계획 등은 스스로 결정한 것이 아니기 때문에 그 결정에 사항에 따르는 것을 꺼리게 된다는 것을 의미한다. 민주주의의 원리는 치자(治者)와 피치자(被治者)의 동일성에서 출발하는 것이고, 같은 원리로 도시계획에 있어서도 도시계획에 의해 영향을 받는 자가 도시계획결정에도 주체적으로 참여하여야 한다는 것이다. 시민적 제권리와 참여라는 정치적 제권리는 수레의 양바퀴와 같은 것인데 그렇게 작동하지 못하고 있다는 것이다. 우리나라에서 이렇지 못한 이유는 공(公)과 사(私)가 근대화를 스스로에 의해 직접 경험한 서구의 public과 privacy이 서로 같지 않다는 점에 기인한다. 즉 public은 개개 private의 집합체이며, public로부터 private가 나오기 때문에 양자의 의사는 같을 수밖에 없다. 이것은 근대화가 자생적.내발적으로 이루어졌기 때문에 가능한 것이다. 그러나 우리나라의 근대화는 외부적 세력에 의해 강제적, 일방적으로 이루어졌다. 이러한 역사적 배경으로 말미암아, 공(公)을 사(私)의 결합체라고 보기보다는 공(公)을 우월하고 우선적 가치가 있는 것이며 공(公)은 사(私)와는 단절되고 구분되는 것으로 이해하는 관념을 형성하게 된 것이다. 결국 도시기반과 관련된 토지의 이용과 관련해서도 사(私)의 집합체가 공(公)이 되도록 해야 한다는 이념적 무장이 필요하다. This study aims to compose logic on participation and communication as conflict and coordination mechanism of publicness and nature of property rights on land in land use for based composition of city. Restriction on land possession in Korea have ‘the weeker intervention by public’ than that of Europe and America. Because possession right on land is recognised very strong and the relationship between possession of private and intervention by public is not harmonized in Korea. So in this study I intend to grope for resolution on “Why possession of land and intervention by public are not harmonized?” and “What we should do for harmony between those”. City basis composition of Korea is not enough to make up urban design in growing type cites times. It is caused by not proper and not efficient use of land. And it is characteristic that public intervention to land is week but whereas the possessional nature of land is strong in Korea. What is the prime cause of this insufficiency of city basis composition of Korea? It is caused that the owners of land do not attend city planning process as the subject of decision on it. It means they were shy of attending because they did not decide the things of city planning themselves. The affected by city planning will participate in city planning decision the same as democracy begins oneness of the ruler and the ruled. But this principle is not applicable to Korea’s case because Korea have not experience modernization, so the aggregation of private will be not public in Korea. This will be capable when modernization of a country is achieved spontaneously, But modernization of Korea is achieved one-sidely and compulsively by the power of foreign country. Cause by this historical backgrounds, the public is not the aggregation privates and it is superior and priority value to private, So it is recognized that the public and private are disconnected and divided. Finally use of land for city basis composition in city planning process an aggregation of privates should be public.