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천근아,김붕년,조수철,김재원,황준원,신민섭,홍강의 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6
Objectives : In the present study, we investigate the association between homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele (4/4) at the DRD4 and the response to the treatment with MPH in Korean children with ADHD. Methods : The present study included 71 children with ADHD (8.231.78 years) from two children's psychiatric clinics in South Korea. All drug-naive children with ADHD were treated with MPH for about 8 weeks. The subjects who showed improvement of over 50% compared with the baseline ARS score after 8 weeks of treatment were termed as the 'good response' group. The subjects who showed an improvement of less than 50% were considered as the 'poor response' group. After genotyping for DRD4 were performed, we investigated correlation between homozygosity for 4-repeat allele at DRD4 and the response to MPH treatment. Results : We found that while 79.5% (31/39) of the subjects with homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed good response to MPH treatment, 68.8% (22/32) of the subjects without homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed poor response to MPH treatment according to ARS scores assessed by their parents (χ²= 16.762, df= 1, p<0.01). We also found that while 61.5% (24/39) of the subjects with homozygosity of 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed good response to MPH treatment, 87.5% (28/32) of the subjects without homozygosity of the 4-repeat allele at DRD4 showed poor response to MPH treatment according to ARS scores assessed by their teachers (χ²= 17.698, df= 1, P<0.01). Conclusion : Our findings support an association between the homozygosity of 4-repeat allele and a good response to MPH in ADHD of Koreans.
Mo, Min Ju,Hwang, Doo Ree,Lee, Ju Hyeon,Kim, Dong Hoo,Hwang, Seon Hye,Sohn, Soo Ah,Hwang, Ji Hoo Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2017 대한침구의학회지 Vol.24 No.5
Objectives : Cervical herniated intervertebral disc (HIVD) are common diseases. They can be managed with acupuncture, but the evidence for effectiveness is uncertain. This review analyzed the acupuncture studies of domestic neck pain and cervical HIVD; the purpose of this study was to provide basic data useful for future research. Methods : We investigated acupuncture treatments for neck pain and cervical HIVD by searching 5 Korean Internet databases. The keywords used were "neck pain", "HIVD-cervical spine", and "nuchal pain". A total of 53 research papers (17 case reports, 16 clinical data analyses, 11 randomized controlled trials, and 9 non-randomized controlled trials) were found and analyzed according to the publication year, type of study, treatment, use of filiform needles, and type of pharmacopuncture used acupoint. The effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was determined. Results : 1. Filiform needles have been primarily used in domestic research and were used in at least half of published pharmacopuncture studies. 2. In 51 papers using filiform needles, many studies used only local acupoints; few studies used only distant acupoints. 3. All studies using pharmacopuncture were performed using local acupoints. In particular, the studies based on A-shi point, trigger point, and radiologic lesion sites were useful for multiple purposes. Conclusion : In this study, we analyzed the acupuncture contents of the domestic neck pain and HIVD-cervical spine clinical studies. This study considers the assessment of the quality and efficacy of each study, which is likely to require research that reflects the future.
Cheon, Seon Ah,Bal, Jyotiranjan,Song, Yunkyoung,Hwang, Hai‐,min,Kim, Ah Ruem,Kang, Woo Kyu,Kang, Hyun Ah,Hannibal‐,Bach, Hans K.,Knudsen, Jens,Ejsing, Christer S.,Kim, Jeong‐,Yoon Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Molecular microbiology Vol.83 No.4
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Lag1p and Lac1p catalyse ceramide synthesis in <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae.</I> This study shows that Lag1 family proteins are generally required for polarized growth in hemiascomycetous yeast. However, in contrast to <I>S. cerevisiae</I> where these proteins are functionally redundant, <I>C. albicans</I> Lag1p (CaLag1p) and Lac1p (CaLac1p) are functionally distinct. Lack of CaLag1p, but not CaLac1p, caused severe defects in the growth and hyphal morphogenesis of <I>C. albicans</I>. Deletion of <I>CaLAG1</I> decreased expression of the hypha‐specific <I>HWP1</I> and <I>ECE1</I> genes. Moreover, overexpression of <I>CaLAG1</I> induced pseudohyphal growth in this organism under non‐hypha‐inducing conditions, suggesting that CaLag1p is necessary for relaying signals to induce hypha‐specific gene expression. Analysis of ceramide and sphingolipid composition revealed that CaLag1p predominantly synthesizes ceramides with C24:0/C26:0 fatty acid moieties, which are involved in generating inositol‐containing sphingolipids, whereas CaLac1p produces ceramides with C18:0 fatty acid moieties, which are precursors for glucosylsphingolipids. Thus, our study demonstrates that CaLag1p and CaLac1p have distinct substrate specificities and physiological roles in <I>C. albicans</I>.</P>
Hwang, Ah-Reum,Han, Won-Sik,Wee, Kyung-Ryang,Kim, Hyun Young,Cho, Dae Won,Min, Byoung Koun,Nam, Suk Woo,Pac, Chyongjin,Kang, Sang Ook American Chemical Society 2012 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.116 No.2
<P>We prepared dendrimers of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes, [(dfppy–Cz<SUB>1</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G1</B>) and [(dfppy–Cz<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G2</B>), which have the dfppy ligand connected to carbazole-functionalized dendron Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB> (<I>n</I> = 1, 2) [dfppy–Cz<I><SUB>n</SUB></I> = 5-Cz<I><SUB>n</SUB></I>-2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine, dpq = 2,3-bis-(2-pyridyl)-qinoxaline, Cz<SUB>1</SUB> = 4-(9-carbazolyl)benzyloxymethyl, and Cz<SUB>2</SUB> = 4-[1,3-bis(9-carbazolyl)benzyloxy]benzyloxymethyl]. While parent complex [(dfppy)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(dpq)]<SUP>+</SUP> (<B>G0</B>) shows an intense emission at ∼635 nm with a lifetime of 1 μs assigned to dpq-based metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence, excitation of the dendrimers at either carbazole (309 nm) or MLCT band (355 nm) resulted in markedly weaker and much shorter-lived MLCT emission (τ<SUB>p</SUB> = 44 ns for <B>G1</B> and 115 ns for <B>G2</B>) at room temperature. Upon exciting the carbazole chromophore of <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> at 309 nm, furthermore, both the carbazole fluorescence and the MLCT emission were very weak at room temperature. It was found that the lifetime of carbazole fluorescence is 20 ps for <B>G1</B> and 62 ps for <B>G2</B>, shorter by 2-orders of magnitude than that of free carbazole dendron Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>′–OH (τ<SUB>F</SUB> = 6.1 ns). These observations demonstrate that both the excited-singlet state of carbazole and the triplet MLCT state of the Ir(dpq) core are efficiently quenched in the dendrimers. At 77 K, however, the MLCT emission lifetime for both <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> is ∼7 μs that is nearly identical to that of <B>G0</B> (6.8 μs), and the carbazole fluorescence lifetime is ∼11.5 ± 0.5 ns, which is again almost the same as that of Cz<SUB><I>n</I></SUB>′–OH (11.5 ns). Since the apparent quenching of either carbazole fluorescence or MLCT emission observed at room temperature does not occur at 77 K, the temperature-dependent emission behavior of <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> for both the carbazole fluorescence and the MLCT phosphorescence was attributed to the participation of activated processes, that is, electron transfer from excited-singlet carbazole to the Ir(dpq) core as well as from the ground-state carbazole unit to the triplet MLCT Ir(dpq) core. This mechanism was supported by transient-absorption spectroscopic experiments that demonstrate the generation of the carbazole radical cation after exciting <B>G1</B> and <B>G2</B> by laser pulses.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2012/jpccck.2012.116.issue-2/jp2093077/production/images/medium/jp-2011-093077_0012.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp2093077'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
RAD51C-Deficient Cancer Cells Are Highly Sensitive to the PARP Inhibitor Olaparib
Min, Ahrum,Im, Seock-Ah,Yoon, Young-Kwang,Song, Sang-Hyun,Nam, Hyun-Jin,Hur, Hyung-Seok,Kim, Hwang-Phill,Lee, Kyung-Hun,Han, Sae-Won,Oh, Do-Youn,Kim, Tae-You,O'Connor, Mark J.,Kim, Woo-Ho,Bang, Yung-J American Association for Cancer Research 2013 Molecular cancer therapeutics Vol.12 No.6
<P>A PARP inhibitor is a rationally designed targeted therapy for cancers with impaired DNA repair abilities. RAD51C is a paralog of RAD51 that has an important role in the DNA damage response. We found that cell lines sensitive to a novel oral PARP inhibitor, olaparib, had low levels of RAD51C expression using microarray analysis, and we therefore hypothesized that low expression of RAD51C may hamper the DNA repair process, resulting in increased sensitivity to olaparib. Compared with the cells with normal RAD51C expression levels, RAD51C-deficient cancer cells were more sensitive to olaparib, and a higher proportion underwent cell death by inducing G<SUB>2</SUB>–M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The restoration of RAD51C in a sensitive cell line caused attenuation of olaparib sensitivity. In contrast, silencing of RAD51C in a resistant cell line enhanced the sensitivity to olaparib, and the number of RAD51 foci decreased with ablated RAD51C expression. We also found the expression of RAD51C was downregulated in cancer cells due to epigenetic changes and RAD51C expression was low in some gastric cancer tissues. Furthermore, olaparib significantly suppressed RAD51C-deficient tumor growth in a xenograft model. In summary, RAD51C-deficient cancer cells are highly sensitive to olaparib and offer preclinical proof-of-principle that RAD51C deficiency may be considered a biomarker for predicting the antitumor effects of olaparib. <I>Mol Cancer Ther; 12(6); 865–77. ©2013 AACR</I>.</P>