Decreased Serum Sulphydryl Levels as a Sign of Increased Oxidative Stress in Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Mehmet Cemal Kaya,Yasin Bez,Ibrahim Fatih Karababa,Ali Emhan,Nurten Aksoy,Mahmut Bulut,Mehmet Gunes,Abdullah Atli,Salih Selek 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.3

Objective In recent years, many published studies have focused on the relationship between oxidative stress and psychiatric disorders. However, studies in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are few despite relatively high prevalence rates. In an attempt to fill this gap in the literature we aimed to measure serum levels of free sulphydryl, an important member of antioxidant defense mechanisms, of the patients with GAD. Methods A total of 35 (23 female, 12 male) GAD patients without any other co-morbid medical or psychiatric disorder and 35 (23 female, 12 male) healthy controls have been included in the study. Disease severity of the patients were quantified by using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A). Serum free sulphydryl group levels of patients and healthy controls were measured in an appropriate way. Results Mean level of serum sulphydryl groups was significantly lower in the patient group. There was a negative correlation between their level and the disease duration. However, they did not show any significant correlation with the disease severity. Conclusion Decreased serum sulphydryl level observed in pure GAD patients suggests an increased oxidative stress in these patients. Well designed future researches are needed to replicate our findings and to test the implications of the present study.

Evaluation of Paraoxonase, Arylesterase and Malondialdehyde Levels in Schizophrenia Patients Taking Typical, Atypical and Combined Antipsychotic Treatment

Mehmet Güneş,Mehmet Akif Camkurt,Mahmut Bulut,Süleyman Demir,Aslıhan Okan İbiloğlu,Mehmet Cemal Kaya,Abdullah Atlı,İbrahim Kaplan,Aytekin Sir 대한정신약물학회 2016 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.14 No.4

Objective: Human serum paraoxonase (PON1) prevents lipids from peroxidation and functions as an antioxidant mechanism. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) is the final product of lipid peroxidation and can be used as an indicator of oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate PON1, MDA, and arylesterase (ARY) levels in schizophrenic patients who are taking typical, atypical, or combined (typical and atypical) antipsychotic drug treatment, with respect to those of healthy controls. Methods: We evaluated 41 patients (11 taking typical antipsychotics, 19 taking atypical antipsychotics, 11 taking combined antipsychotics) and 43 healthy controls. Results: MDA levels were higher in schizophrenic patients taking typical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls (p=0.001). ARY levels were higher in patients taking atypical antipsychotics compared with healthy controls (p=0.005). PON1 activity was similar in all groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate that treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs could be related to increased MDA levels; and antipsychotic medication may increase PON1 levels in schizophrenic patients.

An Experimental Comparison of the Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Safflower Oil, Benzydamine HCl, and Naproxen Sodium

Ali Alaiye,Ercan Kaya,Mehmet Ozgur Pınarbaslı,Nusin Harmancı,Cafer Yıldırım,Dilek Burukoglu Donmez,Cemal Cingi 한국식품영양과학회 2020 Journal of medicinal food Vol.23 No.8

The study aims to establish how feasible a natural therapy option (safflower oil) is in the treatment of postoperative pain. Naproxen sodium has already been experimentally proven to be effective for this purpose. Accordingly, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of safflower oil were compared with those obtained with benzydamine HCl and naproxen sodium. Forty-two, healthy, adult female rats of Wistar albino species were divided at random into six groups of seven rats. The intervention allocation was as follows: Group No. 1—physiological saline 0.9%; Group No. 2—safflower oil 100 mg/kg; Group No. 3—safflower oil 300 mg/kg; Group No. 4—benzydamine HCl 30 mg/kg; Group No. 5—benzydamine HCl 100 mg/kg; and Group No. 6—naproxen sodium 10 mg/kg. Following allocation of treatment, pain was induced experimentally and tested in various ways (hot plate test, tail-pinching test, and writhing test) and the efficacy of each treatment in providing peripheral and central analgesia was evaluated. The second stage consisted of providing different treatments to four groups (groups 7–10) of seven rats each, chosen at random. The allocations were as follows: Group No. 7—physiological saline 0.9%; Group No. 8—safflower oil 300 mg/kg; Group No. 9—benzydamine HCl 100 mg/kg; and Group No. 10—naproxen sodium 10 mg/kg. To create experimental inflammation, 2% formaldehyde was injected into the experimental animal's paw and the resulting edema was measured and recorded for a 10-day period. Edema inhibition was calculated as a percentage. The rats were sacrificed and the paw and stomach dissected for histopathological examination. The data were used for statistical analysis, using the Shapiro–Wilk, Kruskal–Wallis H test, and two-way analysis of variance. In the tail-pinching test, it was determined that a 300 mg/kg dose of safflower oil shows central spinal analgesic efficacy and this effect is close in magnitude to 10 mg/kg of the reference material, naproxen sodium. In the squirming test, it was observed that the 100 and 300 mg/kg doses of safflower oil had a peripheral analgesic effect when compared with the serum physiological (placebo) group. The peripheral efficacy of 300 mg/kg safflower oil was found to approximate that of 10 mg/kg naproxen sodium. In rats treated with benzydamine HCl 100 mg/kg, similar peripheral analgesic efficacy to naproxen sodium 10 mg/kg was noted. In the hot plate test, no difference in the analgesic efficacy between the various agents was found. The change in inhibition of edema between the 1st and 10th days was most marked in rats receiving naproxen sodium 10 mg/kg. A significant difference was determined in the safflower oil 300 mg/kg and benzydamine HCl 100 mg/kg groups (P < .001). Regarding histopathology findings in the rat paw, significant differences were seen in venous congestion between placebo and safflower oil 300 mg/kg and in inflammation between the control and benzydamine HCl 100 mg/kg groups. Regarding the histopathology findings in the rat stomach, significant differences were observed in venous congestion between placebo and safflower oil 300 mg/kg; in damage to the epithelium between placebo and safflower oil 300 mg/kg and between naproxen sodium 10 mg/kg and safflower oil; and in cell infiltration and development of edema between placebo and safflower oil 300 mg/kg. It is predicted that further research into safflower oil and benzydamine HCl will create opportunities to develop analgesic–anti-inflammatory therapeutics of a novel kind for the treatment of postoperative pain and inflammation.

Decreased Prolidase Activity in Patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Süleyman Demir,Mahmut Bulut,Abdullah Atli,I·brahim Kaplan,Mehmet Cemal Kaya,Yasin Bez,Pınar Güzel Özdemir,Aytekin Sır 대한신경정신의학회 2016 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.13 No.4

ObjectiveaaMany neurochemical systems have been implicated in the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The prolidase enzyme is a cytosolic exopeptidase that detaches proline or hydroxyproline from the carboxyl terminal position of dipeptides. Prolidase has important biological effects, and to date, its role in the etiology of PTSD has not been studied. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate prolidase activity in patients with PTSD. MethodsaaThe study group consisted of patients who were diagnosed with PTSD after the earthquake that occurred in the province of Van in Turkey in 2011 (n=25); the first control group consisted of patients who experienced the earthquake but did not show PTSD symptoms (n=26) and the second control group consisted of patients who have never been exposed to a traumatic event (n=25). Prolidase activities in the patients and the control groups were determined by the ELISA method using commercial kits. ResultsaaProlidase activity in the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control groups. Prolidase activity was also significantly lower in the traumatized healthy subjects compared to the other healthy group (p<0.01). ConclusionaaThe findings of the present study suggest that the decrease in prolidase activity may have neuroprotective effects in patients with PTSD.