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Adhesive Hydrogel Systems Utilizing Intercalation Properties of Layered Inorganic Compounds
( Masayoshi Watanabe ) 한국공업화학회 2018 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2018 No.0
Ionic liquids (ILs) are ambient temperature molten salts, which have attracted considerable attention owing to their unique properties. In this presentation, we review advanced materials (ion gels) composed of ILs and polymers for the basis of a new design protocol to fabricate novel materials. The resultant ion gels are applicable as electrolytes for actuator, fuel cell, and secondary battery. Thermo- and photo-responsive polymers in ILs are also highlighted. Thermo- and photo-reversible changes in the self-assembled structure can be exploited to demonstrate sol-gel transitions and fabricate photo-healable materials.
In-grid Demonstration of High-temperature Superconducting Cable
Ohya, Masayoshi,Ashibe, Yuichi,Watanabe, Michihiko,Yumura, Hiroyasu,Nakanishi, Tatsuo,Hirota, Hirofumi,Masuda, Takato,Ichikawa, Hiroshi,Mimura, Tomoo,Honjo, Shoichi,Hara, Tsukushi The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2013 The Journal of International Council on Electrical Vol.3 No.2
In a national project that began in 2007, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), Sumitomo Electric Industries (SEI) and Mayekawa Mfg. Corporation (MYCOM) aim to operate a 66 kV, 200 MVA HTS cable system in a power grid to demonstrate its reliability and stable operation. In order to verify the validity of the cable design, a 30 m HTS cable system was constructed and subjected to various tests. After the confirmation of the nominal current and voltage performance, a long-term operation test was performed to verify whether the HTS cable system is capable of handling the rated current and voltage for thirty years. A 250 m cable was manufactured for the in-grid demonstration, and shipping tests were successful. The cable system construction was completed at the Asahi substation (Yokohama, Kanagawa), and the in-grid demonstration will start in 2012.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BIOFILM SYSTEM IN ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
Yoshimasa Watanabe,Sumio Masuda,Kiyoshi Nishidome,Masayoshi Ishiquro 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1989 環境硏究 Vol.8 No.2
The biofilm system in Rotating Biological Contactors (RBCs) consists of thebiofilm, an attached-water film, and the air phase during the rotation through the air. It consists of the biofilm, a diffusion layer, and bulk water during the rotation through the water. This paper deals with experimental investiqations to determine the diffusion layer thickness and measure the biofilm properties, such as the biofilm thickness, biofilm density, and intrinsic reaction rates within the biofilm. The biofilm. The following results were obtained: Diffusion layer thickness was inversely proportional to the root of the disk rotating speed, but was not a function of disk size, if the flow near the disk surface was laminar. It was also influenced by the subumerged ratio of the disk and protrusions of the disk surface. The measurement of biofilm properties snowed that a biofilm treating domestics sewage was divided into three parts depending on its density. Hower, intrinsic organic oxidation, nitrification, and denitrification rates per unit of the biomass were almost the same through the biofilm.
Structural Analysis of High Performance Ion-Gel Comprising Tetra-PEG Network
Asai, Hanako,Fujii, Kenta,Ueki, Takeshi,Sakai, Takamasa,Chung, Ung-il,Watanabe, Masayoshi,Han, Young-Soo,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Shibayama, Mitsuhiro American Chemical Society 2012 Macromolecules Vol.45 No.9
<P>The structure of Tetra-PEG ion gel, which is tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) (Tetra-PEG) network in ionic liquid (IL) and has recently established in our group and possesses high ion conductivity and high mechanical properties, was investigated as functions of polymer concentration (ϕ) and molecular weight (<I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB>) by using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The results were compared with those of Tetra-PEG hydrogel. The macromer solutions of tetra-amine terminated PEG (TAPEG) macromers, which is one of the two constituents forming Tetra-PEG network, were found to interpenetrate each other in IL and exhibited a scaling relationship, ξ ∼ ϕ<SUP>–3/4</SUP>, where ξ is the correlation length. The SANS functions, <I>I</I>(<I>q</I>), for the ion gels made by cross-end-coupling of TAPEG and TNPEG (tetra-arm PEG with active ester groups) were represented by the so-called Ornstein–Zernike equation, suggesting absence of frozen inhomogeneites. The same scaling relationship to the macromer solutions, ξ ∼ ϕ<SUP>–3/4</SUP>, was also obtained for the ion gels. Furthermore, the SANS curves were superimposed to a single master curve with <I>I</I>(<I>q</I>)/ξ<SUP>5/3</SUP>ϕ vs <I>ξq</I> irrespective of <I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB> and ϕ. In contrast, the Tetra-PEG ion gels made by reswelling of a dried hydrogel showed a large upturn, indicating that the ion gels made by the “re-swollen” method caused the network inhomogeneities.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2012/mamobx.2012.45.issue-9/ma300244u/production/images/medium/ma-2012-00244u_0001.gif'></P>
Asai, Hanako,Fujii, Kenta,Ueki, Takeshi,Sawamura, Shota,Nakamura, Yutaro,Kitazawa, Yuzo,Watanabe, Masayoshi,Han, Young-Soo,Kim, Tae-Hwan,Shibayama, Mitsuhiro American Chemical Society 2013 Macromolecules Vol.46 No.3
<P>Upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type phase separation behavior and its conformational change of well-defined poly(<I>N</I>-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) in deuterated room-temperature ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (<I>d</I><SUB>8</SUB>-[C<SUB>2</SUB>mIm<SUP>+</SUP>][TFSA<SUP>–</SUP>]), were investigated by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. From the temperature dependence of time-averaged scattering intensity obtained by DLS, it was found that the cloud points of pNIPAm/<I>d</I><SUB>8</SUB>-[C<SUB>2</SUB>mIm<SUP>+</SUP>][TFSA<SUP>–</SUP>] solutions increased with molecular weight (<I>M</I><SUB>w</SUB>) and concentration. In addition, it was found that there are two relaxation modes of pNIPAm in the IL solutions. From SANS measurements, the radius of gyration, <I>R</I><SUB>g</SUB>, and the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, χ, were evaluated as a function of temperature during the phase separation.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/mamobx/2013/mamobx.2013.46.issue-3/ma3020273/production/images/medium/ma-2012-020273_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ma3020273'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Anionic Effects on Solvate Ionic Liquid Electrolytes in Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Ueno, Kazuhide,Park, Jun-Woo,Yamazaki, Azusa,Mandai, Toshihiko,Tachikawa, Naoki,Dokko, Kaoru,Watanabe, Masayoshi American Chemical Society 2013 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.117 No.40
<P>A series of equimolar mixtures of Li salts (LiX) and glymes (triglyme (G3) and tetraglyme (G4)), [Li(glyme)]X with different anions (X: [N(SO<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>2</SUB>F<SUB>5</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] = [BETI]; [N(SO<SUB>2</SUB>CF<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>] = [TFSA]; [CF<SUB>3</SUB>SO<SUB>3</SUB>] = [OTf]; BF<SUB>4</SUB>; NO<SUB>3</SUB>), were used as electrolytes to study the anionic effects of [Li(glyme)]X on the performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The dissolution of lithium polysulfides (Li<SUB>2</SUB>S<SUB><I>m</I></SUB>), which are discharge products of elemental sulfur, was significantly suppressed in the solvate ionic liquid (IL) electrolytes, as seen in [Li(G4)][BETI] and [Li(glyme)][TFSA], wherein all of the glymes participated in the formation of the complex cation [Li(glyme)]<SUP>+</SUP>. It was found that NO<SUB>3</SUB> anions were irreversibly reduced at the composite cathode during discharge and BF<SUB>4</SUB> anions formed unexpected byproducts through a chemical reaction with the polysulfide anions. Successful charge/discharge of Li–S cell could not be performed in [Li(glyme)]X in the presence of these anions because of the undesired side reactions. The solvate IL [Li(G4)][BETI] was found to be electrochemically stable in the Li–S cell and allowed a stable operation with a capacity of 600–700 mAh·g<SUP>–1</SUP> and a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% over 100 cycles, similar to that achieved by [Li(glyme)][TFSA]. In contrast, the Li–S cell with a concentrated electrolyte solution, [Li(G3)][OTf], showed a much lower capacity and Coulombic efficiency.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2013/jpccck.2013.117.issue-40/jp407158y/production/images/medium/jp-2013-07158y_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp407158y'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Zhang, Ce,Yamazaki, Azusa,Murai, Junichi,Park, Jun-Woo,Mandai, Toshihiko,Ueno, Kazuhide,Dokko, Kaoru,Watanabe, Masayoshi American Chemical Society 2014 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.118 No.31
<P>Highly concentrated, molten mixtures of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Li[TFSA]) and ether solvents (tetrahydrofuran (THF), monoglyme (G1), diglyme (G2), and triglyme (G3)) were investigated as electrolytes for Li batteries. To compare the electrochemical reactions in the electrolytes with different solvents, the ratio of ether–oxygen atoms and Li<SUP>+</SUP> ([O]/[Li]) in the electrolytes was fixed at four. The capacity of a Li–LiCoO<SUB>2</SUB> cell with [Li(THF)<SUB>4</SUB>][TFSA] dramatically decreased upon charge/discharge cycling, whereas [Li(G3)<SUB>1</SUB>][TFSA] allowed the cell to have a stable charge–discharge cycles and a Coulombic efficiency of greater than 99% over 100 cycles. Corrosion of the Al current collector of the cathode was also affected by the composition of the electrolytes. Persistent Al corrosion took place in [Li(THF)<SUB>4</SUB>][TFSA] and [Li(G1)<SUB>2</SUB>][TFSA], which contain shorter ethers, but the corrosion was effectively suppressed in [Li(G3)<SUB>1</SUB>][TFSA]. Furthermore, lithium polysulfides, which are formed as discharge intermediates at the sulfur cathode of the Li–S cell, were much less soluble in electrolytes with longer ethers. Therefore, a higher Coulombic efficiency and more stable cycle ability were achieved in Li–S cells with [Li(G3)<SUB>1</SUB>][TFSA]. All the electrochemical properties in the batteries were dominated by the presence or absence of uncoordinating solvents in the concentrated electrolytes. This paper demonstrates that the structural stability of [Li(glyme or THF)<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>]<SUP>+</SUP> cations in electrolytes plays an important role in the performance of Li batteries.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jpccck/2014/jpccck.2014.118.issue-31/jp504099q/production/images/medium/jp-2014-04099q_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jp504099q'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>