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캐나다 퀘벡주의 청각 장애 조기진단·조기중재 및 교육의 전망
Martha Perusse 국립특수교육원학술지 2009 한국청각장애교육 100주년 기념 국제학술대회 Vol.- No.-
몬트리올 구화학교(Montreal Oral School for the Deaf)는 청력손실이 있는 아동들이 소리의 세계를 경험하도록 노력해왔다 1950년 건립 이래, 몬트리올 구화학교 교육의 중점은 청능 훈련과 보장구의 활용에 두었으며, 19601건대 에는 Daniel Ling, 1980~901년 대 에는 Agnes (Ling) Philips가 교장으로 선출되었다. 이들과 같은 청각학의 선구자들은 청각 경로를 통한 음성과 언어능력의 발달을 강조했다. 이러한 청능-구화 접근의 철학(auditory verbal philosophy)은 과거보다, 의학과 기술이 진보한 현재의 청각장애 교육에 더 적절하게 적용되어진다. 몬트리올 구화학교의 교육 원칙은 음성언어 발달을 위한 청각의 활용, 아동이 준비된 이후의 통합교육(적어도 초등학교 졸업 전, 대개 더 조기에), 적극적인 부모 참여, 교육 관련 서비스 등을 포함하고 있다. 이러한 요소들을 아래에서 더 자세히 살펴보도록 하겠다. 청각장애의 영역은 급격히 변화하고 발전하고 있다. 몬트리올 구화학교는 청각적 접근을 요하는 많은 학생들의 음성과 언어 발달 및 청력 발달에 교육의 초점을 맞춘다. 조기 진단 및 중재된 학생들은 청력 손실의 영향을 최소화 할 수 있으며, 학생의 발달은 청력이외의 다른 요소들에 의해서도 크게 좌우되어진다.
Fouling control in a woven fibre microfiltration membrane for water treatment
Martha Noro Chollom,Sudesh Rathilal,Kumnandi Pikwa,Lingham Pillay 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3
Current available commercial membranes are not robust and are therefore destroyed if left to dry out or handled roughly. Woven fibre microfiltration (WFMF) membranes have advantages over its competitors with respect to durability, thus, favourable for the developing economies and operation during rough conditions. Evaluation of the effects of aeration and brushing as a flux enhancement strategies for WFMF membrane was the purpose of this study. The WFMF membrane was found to be susceptible to pore plugging by colloidal material and adsorption/attachment by microbiological contaminants. This led to a 50% loss in flux. Aeration as a single flux enhancement strategy proved insufficient to maintain high flux successfully. Therefore combined flux enhancement strategies yielded the best results.
Women versus Men : Comparisons of Three Types of Transfers in Korea and the U.S.
Martha N. OZAWA,JOO, Myungkook,BAEK, Sun-Hee Ewha Womans University Press 2010 Asian Journal of Women's Studies(AJWS) Vol.16 No.1
This article reports on a study of the extent to which the gap between women and men’s income levels narrow down in Korea and the United States when social insurance benefits, non-social insurance public transfers, and private transfers are distributed in incremental ways. The major findings were that transfer activities are still in their infancy in Korea compared with the United States; gender-based gaps do not narrow down in Korea to the same extent as they do in the United States; and in Korea women have to go further to catch up with men with respect to the factors related in attachment to labor force than do women in the United States. The data is drawn from the Korean Labor & Income Panel Study and the Current Population Survey of the United States.
Martha B . Bronson 한국유아교육학회 1996 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.1 No.1
This study shows the usefulness of a classroom observation measure of social and mastery behaviors in a small longitudinal study. A collaborative day care and public school intervention program for children in public housing was evaluated with the Bronson Social and Task Skill Profile. The intervention group and comparison children from the same classrooms, were observed four times over a two year period in their prekindergarten and kindergarten years. Comparison children came from the same neighborhood, but were economically more advantaged had few minority group members. The results demonstrate a progressive $quot;catch-up$quot; effect in most observed behavior categories for the intervention group in relation to the comparison sample. Very poor performance in a few children, eligible for the intervention but not served, underlines the effectiveness of the intervention. Observational assessment of both social and mastery variables provided valuable information on areas of skill and weakness in the samples.
In vitro ion adsorption and cytocompatibility of dicalcium phosphate ceramics
Martha Schamel,Jake E. Barralet,Jürgen Groll,Uwe Gbureck 한국생체재료학회 2017 생체재료학회지 Vol.21 No.2
Background: In vitro cell testing of degradable bioceramics such as brushite or monetite is often challenging due to the ion release into or adsorption from the culture medium. These ionic changes are then mostly responsible for cell proliferation and activity, which prohibits the investigation of effects originating from surface topography or further material modifications. Methods: Here, we aimed to solve this problem by developing a pre-conditioning regime following the repeated immersion of brushite and monetite samples in various Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO4 3− containing electrolytes, followed by studying ion adsorption / release as well as changes in phase composition and in vitro cytocompatibility with MG63 cells. Results: The results demonstrated that by using DMEM cell culture medium in a ratio of 10 ml/sample was sufficient to minimize changes of ionic composition after 7 d with a daily change of the medium. This leads to changes of the surface composition with dissolution of the brushite phase. In turn, this also positively influences the in vitro cytocompatibility with a 2–3 fold higher cell number and cell activity on the DMEM pretreated surfaces. Conclusions: Controlled sample washing prior to cell testing using DMEM medium seems to be a valuable procedure not only to stabilize the pH during cell culture but also to maintain ion concentrations within a cell friendly range.
Martha S. Calderon,안광국 한국생태학회 2016 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.39 No.1
The object of this study was to determine long-term temporal and spatial patterns of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), suspended solids, and chlorophyll (Chl) in Chungju Reservoir, based on the dataset of 1992 – 2013, and then to develop the empirical models of nutrient-Chl for predicting the eutrophication of the reservoir. Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were largely affected by an intensity of Asian monsoon and the longitudinal structure of riverine (Rz), transition (Tz), and lacustrine zone (Lz). This system was nitrogen-rich system and phosphorus contents in the water were relatively low, implying a P-limiting system. Regression analysis for empirical model, however, showed that Chl had a weak linear relation with TP or TN, and this was mainly associated with turbid, and nutrient-rich inflows in the system. The weak relation was associated with non-algal light attenuation coefficients (Kna), which is inversely related water residence time. Thus, values of Chl had negative functional relation (R2 = 0.25, p < 0.001) with nonalgal light attenuation. Thus, the low chlorophyll at a given TP indicated a light-limiting for phytoplankton growth and total suspended solids (TSS) was highly correlated (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.001) with non-algal light attenuation. The relations of Trophic State Index (TSI) indicated that phosphorus limitation was weak [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) < 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0] and the effects of zooplankton grazing were also minor [TSI (Chl) – TSI (TP) > 0; TSI (SD) – TSI (Chl) > 0].