GLUT2 proteins and PPARγ transcripts levels are increased in liver of ovariectomized rats: reversal effects of resistance training

Luciane M. Tomaz,Jean-Marc Lavoie,Marina R. Barbosa,Zahra Farahnak,Cristiani G. Lagoeiro,Natalia S.S Magosso,Sérgio E. A. Perez 한국운동영양학회 2016 Physical Activity and Nutrition (Phys Act Nutr) Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of ovariectomy (Ovx) and 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on gene expression of GLUT2, the main glucose transporter in the liver, and on PPARγ, a transcription factor known to target GLUT2 expression. Methods: Forty Holtzman rats were divided into 5 groups: Sham-sedentary (Sed), Sham-RT, Ovx-Sed, Ovx-RT, and Ovx-Sed with hormone replacement (E2). The RT protocol consisted of sessions held every 72 h for 12 weeks, during which the animals performed 4 to 9 vertical climbs (1.1 m) at 2 min intervals with progressively heavier weights (30 g after the fourth climb) tied to the tail. The E2 silastic capsule was inserted into the rats’ backs 48 hours before the first RT session. Results: In addition to liver fat, GLUT2 protein levels and PPARγ transcripts were increased (P < 0.05) in Ovx compared to Sham-Sed animals, suggesting increased hepatic glucose uptake under estrogen deficient conditions. RT and E2 in Ovx rats decreased liver fat accumulation as well as GLUT2 and PPARγ gene expression to the level of Sham-Sed animals. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that liver GLUT2 as well as PPARγ expression in Ovx rats are accompanied by increased fat accumulation and glucose uptake, thus providing a substrate for increased de novo lipogenesis. RT appears to be an appropriate exercise model to circumvent these effects.

Laminin Modulates the Stem Cell Population in LM05-E Murine Breast Cancer Cells through the Activation of the MAPK/ERK Pathway

Damián E. Berardi,Diego Raffo,Laura B. Todaro,Marina Simian 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.4

Purpose We investigated the effects of laminin on the fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in the estrogen-dependent, tamoxifen-sensitive LM05-E breast cancer cell line. We also determined whether laminin affected the response to tamoxifen. Materials and Methods The LM05-E breast cancer cell line was used as a model for all experiments. Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, clonogenic and mammosphere assays were performed to measure the effects of laminin on modulation of the stem cell subpopulation. Pluripotent gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. The involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK pathway was determined using specific inhibitors. The effects of laminin on the response to tamoxifen were determined and the involvement of 6 integrin was investigated. Results We found that pretreatment with laminin leads to a decrease in cells with the ability to form mammospheres that was accompanied by a decrease in ALDH activity. Moreover, exposure of mammospheres to laminin reduced the capacity to form secondary mammospheres and decreased the expression of Sox-2, Nanog, and Oct-4. We previously reported that 4-OHtamoxifen leads to an increase in the expression of these genes in LM05-E cells. Treatment with signaling pathway inhibitors revealed that the MAPK/ERK pathway mediates the effects of laminin. Finally, laminin induced tamoxifen resistance in LM05-E cells through 6 integrin. Conclusion Our results suggest that the final number of cells with self-renewing capacity in estrogendependent breast tumors may result from the combined effects of endocrine treatment and microenvironmental cues.

Antimicrobial Activity of Polymeric Microfibers Containing Coix Lacryma-Jobi Extract

Gabriela Lauer Breitenbach,Marina Giombelli Rosenberger,Andressa Giombelli Rosenberger,Josiane Caetano,Michelly Cristina Galdioli Pellá,Desirée Tamara Scheidt,Cleide Viviane Buzanello Martins,Edvani C 한국고분자학회 2020 Macromolecular Research Vol.28 No.9

Wound dressings are based on the creation of ideal environments for cell mobility, gas exchanges and to promote tissue healing and regeneration, besides controlling bacterial proliferation. Electrospinning is a simple, cheap and common technique used for such purposes and Ecovio®, a polymeric blend based on biocompatible polymers (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)), is a good example of polymer with unique properties for wound dressing materials development. To ensure antimicrobial properties, Job’s tears (Coix lacrymajobi) extract was incorporated into the material. The obtained fiber mats were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (DRX), optical microscopy (OM), and microbiological analysis. The interaction among the compounds of the extract and the polymeric matrix was inferred by the increase in the crystallinity degree and thermal stability of the fibers/extract. Also, a decrease in the diameter, roughness, and fiber homogeneity was observed. It happened due to the presence of extract in the fibers. Microbiological analysis (antimicrobial activity against S. aureus) indicated the effectiveness of the fibers/extract in preventing this bacteria growth, demonstrating the potential of this material for wound dressing purposes.

About influence of the choice of numerical flow in the DG method for the solution of problems with shock waves

Mikhail M., Krasnov,Marina E., Ladonkina,Olga A., Nekliudova,Vladimir F., Tishkin Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.5

This study compares various ways of calculating flows for the problems with the presence of shock waves by first-order schemes and higher-order DG method on the tests from the Quirk list, namely: Quirk's problem and its modifications, shock wave diffraction at a 90 degree corner, the problem of double Mach reflection. It is shown that the use of HLLC and Godunov's numerical schemes flows in calculations can lead to instability, the Rusanov-Lax-Friedrichs scheme flow can lead to high dissipation of the solution. The most universal in heavy production calculations are hybrid schemes flows, which allow the suppression of the development of instability and conserve the accuracy of the method.

About influence of the choice of numerical flow in the DG method for the solution of problems with shock waves

Mikhail M., Krasnov,Marina E., Ladonkina,Olga A., Nekliudova,Vladimir F., Tishkin Techno-Press 2022 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.9 No.5

This study compares various ways of calculating flows for the problems with the presence of shock waves by first-order schemes and higher-order DG method on the tests from the Quirk list, namely: Quirk's problem and its modifications, shock wave diffraction at a 90 degree corner, the problem of double Mach reflection. It is shown that the use of HLLC and Godunov's numerical schemes flows in calculations can lead to instability, the Rusanov-Lax-Friedrichs scheme flow can lead to high dissipation of the solution. The most universal in heavy production calculations are hybrid schemes flows, which allow the suppression of the development of instability and conserve the accuracy of the method.

The burden of typhoid fever in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-regression approach

Antilló,n, Marina,Warren, Joshua L.,Crawford, Forrest W.,Weinberger, Daniel M.,Kü,rü,m, Esra,Pak, Gi Deok,Marks, Florian,Pitzer, Virginia E. Public Library of Science 2017 PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol.11 No.3

<▼1><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Upcoming vaccination efforts against typhoid fever require an assessment of the baseline burden of disease in countries at risk. There are no typhoid incidence data from most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), so model-based estimates offer insights for decision-makers in the absence of readily available data.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>We developed a mixed-effects model fit to data from 32 population-based studies of typhoid incidence in 22 locations in 14 countries. We tested the contribution of economic and environmental indices for predicting typhoid incidence using a stochastic search variable selection algorithm. We performed out-of-sample validation to assess the predictive performance of the model.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>We estimated that 17.8 million cases of typhoid fever occur each year in LMICs (95% credible interval: 6.9–48.4 million). Central Africa was predicted to experience the highest incidence of typhoid, followed by select countries in Central, South, and Southeast Asia. Incidence typically peaked in the 2–4 year old age group. Models incorporating widely available economic and environmental indicators were found to describe incidence better than null models.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Recent estimates of typhoid burden may under-estimate the number of cases and magnitude of uncertainty in typhoid incidence. Our analysis permits prediction of overall as well as age-specific incidence of typhoid fever in LMICs, and incorporates uncertainty around the model structure and estimates of the predictors. Future studies are needed to further validate and refine model predictions and better understand year-to-year variation in cases.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author summary</B></P><P>Typhoid fever is a bacterial enteric infection that continues to pose a considerable burden to the 5.5 billion people living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We developed and validated a model incorporating widely available indicators of economic and social development and the environment to estimate the burden of typhoid fever across LMICs. Our analysis uses all available data to estimate the incidence of typhoid in key age groups, which is important for the design and implementation of optimal vaccination strategies, and it identifies regions of the world that have the most uncertainty in typhoid incidence. Across all LMICs, we estimated that the expected number of typhoid fever cases per year is 17.8 million (95% CI: 6.9–48.4 million). We also present the probability that incidence surpasses the criteria for low, medium, high, and very high incidence in each country, which could help guide policy in the face of uncertainty.</P></▼2>

Involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases: opportunities for new therapies

Priscila A. Lima,Bárbara B. Berg,Marina Gomes Miranda e Castor 대한장연구학회 2022 Intestinal Research Vol.20 No.4

The components of the endogenous cannabinoid system are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract contributing to local homeostasis. In general, cannabinoids exert inhibitory actions in the gastrointestinal tract, inducing anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, antisecretory, and antiproliferative effects. Therefore, cannabinoids are interesting pharmacological compounds for the treatment of several acute intestinal disorders, such as dysmotility, emesis, and abdominal pain. Likewise, the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, is also under investigation. Patients with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases present impaired quality of life, and mental health issues are commonly associated with long-term chronic diseases. The complex pathophysiology of these diseases contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and, therefore, in the choice of a satisfactory treatment. Thus, this article reviews the involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract and highlights possible therapeutic approaches related to the use of cannabinoids.

In Vitro Methods to Study the Vascularization of Natural and Synthetic Biomedical Polymers

C. James Kirkpatrick,Sabine Fuchs,Antonella Motta,Marina Santos,M. Iris Hermanns,Ronald E. Unger,Rui Reis,Claudio Migliaresi 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

The role of the transcription factor ETV5 in insulin exocytosis.

Gutierrez-Aguilar, Ruth,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Casimir, Marina,Dai, Xiao-Qing,Pfluger, Paul T,Park, Jongsun,Haller, April,Donelan, Elizabeth,Park, Jisoo,D'Alessio, David,Woods, Stephen C,MacDonald, Patrick E Springer Verlag 2014 Diabetologia Vol.57 No.2

<P>Genome-wide association studies have revealed an association of the transcription factor ETS variant gene 5 (ETV5) with human obesity. However, its role in glucose homeostasis and energy balance is unknown.</P>

Preclinical Efficacy of [V4Q5]dDAVP, a Second Generation Vasopressin Analog, on Metastatic Spread and Tumor-Associated Angiogenesis in Colorectal Cancer

Juan Garona,Natasha T. Sobol,Marina Pifano,Valeria I. Segatori,Daniel E. Gomez,Giselle V. Ripoll,Daniel F. Alonso 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2

Purpose Control of metastatic spread of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains as a major therapeutic challenge. [V4Q5]dDAVP is a vasopressin peptide analog with previously reported anticancer activity against carcinoma tumors. By acting as a selective agonist of arginine vasopressin type 2 membrane receptor (AVPR2) present in endothelial and tumor cells, [V4Q5]dDAVP is able to impair tumor aggressiveness and distant spread. Our aim was to evaluate the potential therapeutic benefits of [V4Q5]dDAVP on highly aggressive CRC disease using experimental models with translational relevance. Materials and Methods Murine CT-26 and human Colo-205 AVPR2-expressing CRC cell lines were used to test the preclinical efficacy of [V4Q5]dDAVP, both in vitro and in vivo. Results In syngeneic mice surgically implanted with CT-26 cells in the spleen, sustained intravenous treatment with [V4Q5]dDAVP (0.3 g/kg) dramatically impaired metastatic progression to liver without overt signs of toxicity, and also reduced experimental lung colonization. The compound inhibited in vivo angiogenesis driven by Colo-205 cells in athymic mice, as well as in vitro endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation. [V4Q5]dDAVP exerted AVPR2-dependent cytostatic activity in vitro (IC50 1.08 M) and addition to 5-fluorouracil resulted in synergistic antiproliferative effects both in CT-26 and Colo-205 cells. Conclusion The present preclinical study establishes for the first time the efficacy of [V4Q5]dDAVP on CRC. These encouraging results suggest that the novel second generation vasopressin analog could be used for the management of aggressive CRC as an adjuvant agent during surgery or to complement standard chemotherapy, limiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis and thus protecting the patient from CRC recurrence.