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Mirage or Oasis? Assessing the Role of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan
( Mahtab Shafiei ),( Kathryn Overton ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2023 Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol.11 No.2
During a 20-year civil war, the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) has served as a bastion of international support, democratic values, and humanitarian assistance. Highlighting democratization, security, economic assistance, and human rights, we employed over 20 years of United Nations (UN) archives to examine the effectiveness of its mission mandates, and found that UNAMA had reduced child labor and judicial corruption while increasing civil society and facilitating international humanitarian aid. However, UNAMA failed to improve security or establish an inclusive government, particularly with respect to human rights violations. After the US military withdrawal in 2021, the future of UNAMA is contingent upon political negotiations with the Taliban. Only time will tell whether contributions of the mission will persist into the post-conflict era.
Mahtab Jafarzade,Nur Ain Yahya,Fatemeh Shayesteh,Gires Usup,Asmat Ahmad 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.3
This study was undertaken to investigate the influence of culture conditions and medium components on production of antibacterial compounds by Serratia sp. WPRA3 (JX020764) which was isolated from marine water of Port Dickson, Malaysia. Biochemical, morphological, and molecular characteristics suggested that the isolate is a new candidate of the Serratia sp. The isolate showed strong antimicrobial activity against fungi, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This bacterium exhibited optimum antibacterial compounds production at 28°C, pH 7 and 200 rev/min aeration during 72 h of incubation period. Highest antibacterial activity was obtained when sodium chloride (2%), yeast extract (0.5%), and glucose concentration (0.75%) were used as salt, nitrogen, and carbon sources respectively. Different active fractions were obtained by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Flash Column Chromatography (FCC) from ethyl acetate crude extracts namely OCE and RCE in different culture conditions, OCE (pH 5, 200 rev/min) and RCE (pH 7/without aeration). In conclusion, the results suggested different culture conditions have a significant impact on the types of secondary metabolites produced by the bacterium.
Rosa damascena Decreased Mortality in Adult Drosophila
Mahtab Jafari,Asghar Zarban,Steven Pham,Thomas Wang 한국식품영양과학회 2008 Journal of medicinal food Vol.11 No.1
The effects of a rose-flower extract, Rosa damascena, on the mortality rate of Drosophila melanogaster wasevaluated in this study. R. damascenais a potent antioxidant that has many therapeutic uses in addition to its perfuming ef-fects. Supplementing Drosophilawith this rose extract resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mortality rate in maleand female flies. Moreover, the observed anti-aging effects were not associated with common confounds of anti-aging prop-erties, such as a decrease in fecundity or metabolic rate.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Iranian Internists Regarding Diabetes: A Cross Sectional Study
Mahtab Niroomand,Seyedeh Najmeh Ghasemi,Hamidreza Karimi-Sari,Mohammad Hossein Khosravi 대한당뇨병학회 2017 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.41 No.3
Background: A number of studies investigated the general practitioners’ and family physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on diabetes. However, studies on internists’ KAP on diabetes management are limited. This study aimed to investigate the Iranian internists’ KAP on diabetes mellitus and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of internists who participated in the 26th annual congress of internists in Tehran, Iran. The level of KAP and affecting factor was evaluated by a validated instrument. Results: One-hundred internists with the mean age of 41.98±9.26 years were evaluated. Totally, the physicians possessed 66.29%±19.5%, 50.44%±19.39%, and 64.5%±15.3% of the scores in KAP, respectively. The time since graduation in general medicine had significant negative correlation with their knowledge and practice, that was along with the subjects’ age (P<0.05). The KAP level had not significant difference between subjects participated in a continuing medical education (CME) program during the last year compared to subjects did not participated (P>0.05). Attitude, and practice scores were significantly higher in physicians who were working at diabetes clinic (P<0.05), and attitude was more in physicians working at teaching hospitals compared to those who were not working (57.82 vs. 47.72, P=0.020). Conclusion: According to our results, subjects’ age and time since graduation in general medicine and specialty were inversely correlated by knowledge and practice. So internists with older age seems to be in priority for educational programs. And holding CME programs in current forms seems to be not suitable to increase the KAP regarding diabetes.
Mahtab Memarpour,Nasrin Kianimanesh,Bahareh Shayeghi 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.3
Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the microleakage and penetration of fissure sealant in permanent molar teeth with fluorosis after pretreatment of the occlusal surface. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 third molars with mild dental fluorosis were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 20). The tooth surfaces were sealed with an unfilled resin fissure sealant (FS) material. The experimental groups included: 1) phosphoric acid etching (AE) + FS (control); 2) AE + One-Step Plus (OS, Bisco) + FS; 3) bur + AE + FS; 4) bur + AE + OS + FS; 5) Er:YAG laser + AE + FS; and 6) Er:YAG laser + AE + OS + FS. After thermocycling, the teeth were immersed in 0.5% fuchsin and sectioned. Proportions of mircoleakage (PM) and unfilled area (PUA) were measured by digital microscope. Results: Overall, there were significant differences among all groups in the PM (p = 0.00). Group 3 showed the greatest PM, and was significantly different from groups 2 to 6 (p < 0.05). Group 6 showed the lowest PM. Pretreatment with Er:YAG with or without adhesive led to less PM than bur pretreatment. There were no significant differences among groups in PUA. Conclusions: Conventional acid etching provided a similar degree of occlusal seal in teeth with fluorosis compared to those pretreated with a bur or Er:YAG laser. Pretreatment of pits and fissures with Er:YAG in teeth with fluorosis may be an alternative method before fissure sealant application.
Influence of boron carbide on properties of CVD-diamond thin films at various deposition pressures
Mahtab Ullah,E. Ahmed 한국물리학회 2012 Current Applied Physics Vol.12 No.3
Microcrystalline boron-doped diamond (BDD) films are synthesized on the silicon substrate by the hotfilament chemical vapor deposition method under the gas mixture of hydrogen and methane in the presence of boron carbide (B4C) placed in front of filaments. The observed results of scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction show the morphologies. Microstructures for various deposition pressures of as-grown diamond films are found to be dependent on the change of deposition pressure. These results reveal that with the increase of deposition pressure, resistivity decreases and increase in the grain size is noted in the presence of B4C. Resistivity shows a sudden fall of about three orders of magnitude by the addition of boron in the diamond films. This is due to the crystal integrity induced by B-atoms in the structure of diamond in the presence of B4C. These results are also significant for the conventional applications of BDD materials. The effects of deposition pressure on the overall films morphology and the doping level dependence of the diamond films have also been discussed.
Mahtab Hajiali,Jaber Keyvan Rad,Sara Ghezelsefloo,Ali Reza Mahdavian 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.92 No.-
Nowadays, anticounterfeiting technology and information security by solvent-free photoluminescentpolymeric latex nanoparticles are of considerable interest in variety of hi-tech systems. Herein and for thefirst time, Rhodamine B ethylenediamine acrylate (N-RhBAc) was synthesized and copolymerized withmethyl methacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate to obtain epoxy-functionalizedfluorescent latexnanoparticles (RhAcL-series) through emulsion polymerization. Inclusion of N-RhBAc into the sphericalpolyacrylic nanoparticles with average particle size of 40 70 nm enhanced its absorption intensity (lmaxof 571 nm) and emission intensity (lem of 588 nm) up to 8 and 3.5-fold with respect to N-RhBAc in thesolution state (lmax of 524 nm and lem of 582 nm), respectively. The nanometric size of particles anddecorated epoxy functional groups on their outer layer provided well-wetting andfine-diffusion into thecellulosic nanofiber. To obtain anticounterfeiting inks with high-resolution marking on cellulosic paperwithout spreading and tracing,fluorescent RhAcL-1 was formulated with required thickening agent anddefoamer. The painted pattern by the above ink could immediately be developed and illuminated withbrilliant red-pinkfluorescence emission upon UV irradiation.