The Design of the IIR Differintegrator and its Application in Edge Detection

( Madhu Jain ),( Maneesha Gupta ),( N K Jain ) 한국정보처리학회 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.2

New IIR digital differintegrators (differentiator and integrator) with very minor absolute relative errors are presented in this paper. The digital integrator is designed by interpolating some of the existing integrators. The optimum value of the interpolation ratio is obtained through linear programming optimization. Subsequently, by modifying the transfer function of the proposed integrator appropriately, new digital differentiator is obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed differintegrator are a more accurate approximation of ideal ones, than the existing differintegrators. Furthermore, the proposed differentiator has been tested in an image processing application. Edges characterize boundaries and are, therefore, a problem of fundamental importance in image processing. For comparison purpose Prewitt, Sobel, Roberts, Canny, Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG), Zerocross operators were used and their results are displayed. The results of edge detection by some of the existing differentiators are also provided. The simulation results have shown the superiority of the proposed approach over existing ones.

The Design of the IIR Differintegrator and its Application in Edge Detection

Jain, Madhu,Gupta, Maneesha,Jain, N.K. Korea Information Processing Society 2014 Journal of information processing systems Vol.10 No.2

New IIR digital differintegrators (differentiator and integrator) with very minor absolute relative errors are presented in this paper. The digital integrator is designed by interpolating some of the existing integrators. The optimum value of the interpolation ratio is obtained through linear programming optimization. Subsequently, by modifying the transfer function of the proposed integrator appropriately, new digital differentiator is obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed differintegrator are a more accurate approximation of ideal ones, than the existing differintegrators. Furthermore, the proposed differentiator has been tested in an image processing application. Edges characterize boundaries and are, therefore, a problem of fundamental importance in image processing. For comparison purpose Prewitt, Sobel, Roberts, Canny, Laplacian of Gaussian (LOG), Zerocross operators were used and their results are displayed. The results of edge detection by some of the existing differentiators are also provided. The simulation results have shown the superiority of the proposed approach over existing ones.

A mathematical model of a population genetics: Effects of genetic variation on homosexuality

Madhu Jain,G.C. Sharma,Sudheer Kumar Sharma 한국통계학회 2009 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.38 No.3

This study deals with simple mathematical models for the purpose of generating testable prediction in genetics. The genetic effects in human population are because of the following four factors, (i) paternal, (ii) maternal, (iii) environmental and (iv) idiopathic. For the measurement of genetic characteristics, the environment also plays an important role. In the present paper we analyze this linkage for homosexuality for the first three factors because the fourth one affects a very little population. This study provides genetics and evolutionary basis for making generating testable predictions specifically where the environmental factors affect the characteristics of genes which also influence homosexuality. The effect of environment on homosexuality is highlighted because earlier studies confined only up to the paternal and maternal linkages. We consider two types of selections (i) direct selection with environmental effects (ii) combined selection with direct, maternal and environmental effects. The objective of this investigation is to provide the conditions for the maintenance of genetic variation of genotype of male and female. We concentrate on highlighting homosexuality as a result of variation in genes. Numerical results are obtained by taking illustration. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to explore homosexuality in terms of fitness loss and fitness gain.

Acid-Fastness of Histoplasma in Surgical Pathology Practice

Madhu Rajeshwari,Deepali Jain,Immaculata Xess,Mehar Chand Sharma 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.5

Background: Histoplasmosis (HP) is diagnosed by visualizing intracellular microorganisms in biopsy and/or culture. Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining methods are routinely used for identification. The acid-fast property of Histoplasma was identified decades ago, but acid-fast staining has not been practiced in current surgical pathology. Awareness of the acid-fast property of Histoplasma, which is due to mycolic acid in the cell wall, is important in distinguishing Histoplasma from other infective microorganisms. Here, we examined acid-fastness in previously diagnosed cases of Histoplasma using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and correlated those findings with other known fungal stains. Methods: All cases diagnosed as HP were retrieved and reviewed along with ZN staining and other fungal stains. We also stained cases diagnosed with Cryptococcus and Leishmania as controls for comparison. Results: A total of 54 patients ranging in age from 11 to 69 years were examined. The most common sites of infection were the skin, adrenal tissue, and respiratory tract. Of the total 43 tissue samples, 20 (46.5%) stained positive with the ZN stain. In viable cases, a significant proportion of microorganisms were positive while necrotic cases showed only rare ZN-positive yeasts. In comparison to PAS and GMS stains, there was a low burden of ZN-positive yeasts. Cryptococcus showed characteristic ZN staining and all cases of Leishmania were negative. Conclusions: Although the morphology of fungal organisms is the foundation of identification, surgical pathologists should be aware of the acid-fast property of fungi, particularly when there is the potential for confusion with other infective organisms.

A Versatile Medical Image Enhancement Algorithm Based on Wavelet Transform

Renu Sharma,Madhu Jain 한국정보처리학회 2021 Journal of information processing systems Vol.17 No.6

This paper proposed a versatile algorithm based on a dual-tree complex wavelet transform for intensifying the visual aspect of medical images. First, the decomposition of the input image into a high sub-band and low-subband image is done. Further, to improve the resolution of the resulting image, the high sub-band image is interpolated using Lanczos interpolation. Also, contrast enhancement is performed by singular value decomposition(SVD). Finally, the image reconstruction is achieved by using an inverse wavelet transform. Then, the Gaussian filter will improve the visual quality of the image. We have collected images from the hospital and the internet for quantitative and qualitative analysis. These images act as a reference image for comparing the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm with the existing state-of-the-art. We have divided the proposed algorithm into several stages: preprocessing, contrast enhancement, resolution enhancement, and visual qualityenhancement. Both analyses show the proposed algorithm's effectiveness compared to existing methods.

Does Preoperative Urodynamic Testing Improve Surgical Outcomes in Patients Undergoing the Transobturator Tape Procedure for Stress Urinary Incontinence? A Prospective Randomized Trial

Abhinav Agarwal,Sudheer Rathi,Pranab Patnaik,Dipak Shaw,Madhu Jain,Sameer Trivedi,Udai Shankar Dwivedi 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.12

Purpose: Urodynamic studies are commonly performed as part of the preoperativework-up of patients undergoing surgery for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Weaimed to assess the extent to which these urodynamic parameters influence patientselection and postoperative outcomes. Materials and Methods: Patients presenting with SUI were randomly assigned to twogroups: one undergoing office evaluation only and the other with a preoperative urodynamicwork-up. Patients with unfavorable urodynamic parameters (detrusor overactivity[DO] and/or Valsalva leak point pressure [VLPP]<60 cm H2O and/or maximumurethral closure pressure [MUCP]<20 cm H2O) were excluded from the urodynamictesting group. All patients in both groups underwent the transobturator midurethralsling procedure. Evaluation for treatment success (reductions in urogenital distressinventory and incontinence impact questionnaire scoring along with absent positivestress test) was done at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Results: A total of 72 patients were evaluated. After 12 patients with any one or moreof the abnormal urodynamic parameters were excluded, 30 patients were finally recruitedin each of the “urodynamic testing” and “office evaluation only” groups. At boththe 6- and the 12-month follow-ups, treatment outcomes (reduction in scores and positiveprovocative stress test) were significantly better in the urodynamic testing groupthan in the office evaluation only group (p-values significant for all outcomes). Conclusions: Our findings showed statistically significantly better treatment outcomesin the urodynamic group (after excluding those with poor prognostic indicators suchas DO, low VLPP, and MUCP) than in the office evaluation only group. We recommendexploiting the prognostic value of these urodynamic parameters for patient counselingand treatment decisions.