Real Time Scheduling for Wireless Sensor Networks

Deepali Virmani,Satbir Jain 보안공학연구지원센터 2012 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.5 No.1

Analysis of Immunoexpression of BRCA1-Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) in Pleural Mesotheliomas

( Rimlee Dutta ),( Deepali Jain ),( Aruna Nambirajan ),( Prabhat Mallick ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-

Background Malignant mesotheliomas have an aggressive clinical course and are usually diagnosed at advanced stage. The gold standard of diagnosis is histological demonstration of invasion into adjacent organs, however in routine pleural biopsies, ancillary tests are often required to distinguish mesothelioma from florid reactive mesothelial proliferation. In this regard, demonstration of immunohistochemical loss of BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1) has been found to be highly specific. Purpose Herein, we tried to study the immunoexpression of BAP1 in cases of pleural mesotheliomas and tried to analyse its usefulness as a diagnostic marker. We retrospectively searched our computerised database for cases of pleural mesotheliomas. Data regarding clinical semiology and imaging details of these cases were retrieved. Paraffin embedded blocks of all available cases with adequate tissues (including biopsies and resections) were recovered and immunohistochemistry for BAP1 was performed, as per established protocol. Results A total of twenty-five cases were identified, however only twenty-one of the cases had adequate tissue in the retrieved blocks. Majority of the cases were elderly males, non-smokers, who presented with symptoms of cough, dyspnoea and chest pain and on imaging were found to harbour pleural based mass lesions. Only three of the cases showed a biphasic pattern on histomorphology with presence of sarcomatoid component, while the other cases showed an exclusive epithelioid pattern. The tumor cells were diffusely immunopositive for calretinin, p53, CK5/6, WT1 and were immunonegative for TTF1, napsin-A and desmin. BAP1 immunoexpression was lost in eleven cases (52.3%) out of total. Results In the absence of demonstrable evidence of invasion, distinguishing florid reactive mesothelial proliferation from malignant mesothelioma is often problematic and more so in trucut biopsies and malignant effusion cytology. In this regard, BAP1 has been found to be highly specific in confirming the malignant nature of mesothelial cells, thereby facilitating the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma.

Acid-Fastness of Histoplasma in Surgical Pathology Practice

Madhu Rajeshwari,Deepali Jain,Immaculata Xess,Mehar Chand Sharma 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.5

Background: Histoplasmosis (HP) is diagnosed by visualizing intracellular microorganisms in biopsy and/or culture. Periodic-acid Schiff (PAS) and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) staining methods are routinely used for identification. The acid-fast property of Histoplasma was identified decades ago, but acid-fast staining has not been practiced in current surgical pathology. Awareness of the acid-fast property of Histoplasma, which is due to mycolic acid in the cell wall, is important in distinguishing Histoplasma from other infective microorganisms. Here, we examined acid-fastness in previously diagnosed cases of Histoplasma using the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain and correlated those findings with other known fungal stains. Methods: All cases diagnosed as HP were retrieved and reviewed along with ZN staining and other fungal stains. We also stained cases diagnosed with Cryptococcus and Leishmania as controls for comparison. Results: A total of 54 patients ranging in age from 11 to 69 years were examined. The most common sites of infection were the skin, adrenal tissue, and respiratory tract. Of the total 43 tissue samples, 20 (46.5%) stained positive with the ZN stain. In viable cases, a significant proportion of microorganisms were positive while necrotic cases showed only rare ZN-positive yeasts. In comparison to PAS and GMS stains, there was a low burden of ZN-positive yeasts. Cryptococcus showed characteristic ZN staining and all cases of Leishmania were negative. Conclusions: Although the morphology of fungal organisms is the foundation of identification, surgical pathologists should be aware of the acid-fast property of fungi, particularly when there is the potential for confusion with other infective organisms.

Detection of Solitary Axillary Lymph Node Metastases from Hürthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid on 18F-FDG PET/CT

Meghana Prabhu,Deepali Jain,Siddhartha Datta Gupta,Chandrasekhar Bal,Rakesh Kumar 대한핵의학회 2018 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.52 No.5

Thyroid carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of endocrine malignancies. Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) constitutes90% of the thyroid carcinomas, rest being medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC). Distant metastases occur in up to 10% of patients with DTC. Metastases to axillary lymph nodes (ALN) are very rare. As perliterature, only 25 cases have been reported. We report an unusual case of 47-year-old male with Hürthle cell carcinoma of thethyroid presenting with a solitary axillary lymph node metastasis 17 years after thyroidectomy, along with review of literature.

Thyroid Cytology in India: Contemporary Review and Meta-analysis

Shipra Agarwal,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.6

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a screening test for triaging thyroid nodules, aiding in subsequent clinical management. However, the advantages have been overshadowed by the multiplicity of reporting systems and a wide range of nomenclature used. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) was formulated in 2007, to give the world a uniform thyroid cytology reporting system, facilitating easy interpretation by the clinicians. Here, we review the status of thyroid FNAC in India in terms of various reporting systems used including a meta-analysis of the previously published data. An extensive literature search was performed using internet search engines. The reports with detailed classification system used in thyroid cytology were included. The meta-analysis of published data was compared with the implied risk of malignancy by TBSRTC. More than 50 studies were retrieved and evaluated. TBSRTC is currently the most widely used reporting system with different studies showing good efficacy and interobserver concordance. Ancillary techniques have, as of now, limited applicability and acceptability in thyroid cytology in India. Twenty-eight published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. When compared with TBSRTC recommendations, the meta-analysis showed a higher risk of malignancy for categories I and III. Thyroid FNAC is practiced all over India. TBSRTC has found widespread acceptance, with most institutions using this system for routine thyroid cytology reporting. However, reasons for a high malignancy risk for categories I and III need to be looked into. Various possible contributing factors are discussed in the review.

Naringenin suppresses aluminum-induced experimental hepato-nephrotoxicity in mice through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammation

Rai Ravina,Ahmad Zaved,Jain Subodh Kumar,Jat Deepali,Mishra Siddhartha Kumar 한국독성학회 2024 Toxicological Research Vol.40 No.1

Aluminum is a widely used metal substance in daily life activities that has been shown to cause severe hepato-nephrotoxicity with long-term exposure. Natural dietary flavonoids are being utilized as a newer pharmaceutical approach against various acute and chronic diseases. Naringenin (NAR) has shown efficient therapeutic properties, including effects against metal toxicities. However, the protective efficacy of NAR on aluminum chloride ( AlCl3)-induced hepato-renal toxicity needs investigation as aluminum has shown serious environmental toxicity and bioaccumulation behavior. In this study, mice were treated with AlCl3 (10 mg/kg b.w./day) to assess toxicities, and a group of mice were co-treated with NAR (10 mg/kg b.w./ day) to assess the protective effects of NAR against hepato-nephrotoxicity. The levels of blood serum enzymes, oxidative stress biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines, and the apoptosis marker caspase-3 were measured using histological examinations. NAR treatment in AlCl3- treated mice resulted in maintained levels of liver and kidney function enzymes and lipid profiles. NAR treatment attenuated oxidative stress by regulating the levels of nitric oxide, advance oxidation of protein products, protein carbonylation, and lipid peroxidation. NAR also replenished reduced antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced the levels of glutathione and oxidized glutathione. NAR regulated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and elevated the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ). The histological study further confirmed the protective effects of NAR against AlCl3- induced hepato-renal alterations. NAR decreased the expression of caspase-3 as a mechanism of protective effects against apoptotic damage in the liver and kidney of AlCl3- treated mice. In summary, this study demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of NAR, leading to the suppression of AlCl3- triggered hepato-renal apoptosis and histological alterations. The results suggest that aluminum toxicity needs to be monitored in daily life usage, and supplementation of the natural dietary flavonoid naringenin may help maintain liver and kidney health.

Impact of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features on the Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology: a multi-institutional study in five Asian countries

Bychkov, Andrey,Keelawat, Somboon,Agarwal, Shipra,Jain, Deepali,Jung, Chan Kwon,Hong, SoonWon,Lai, Chiung-Ru,Satoh, Shinya,Kakudo, Kennichi Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam 2018 Pathology Vol.50 No.4

Endobronchial Smooth Muscle Tumors: A Series of Five Cases Highlighting Pitfalls in Diagnosis

Tripti Nakra,Aanchal Kakkar,Shipra Agarwal,Karan Madan,Suresh C Sharma,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2018 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.52 No.4

Background: Primary endobronchial smooth muscle tumors (SMTs), which are extremely rare, include endobronchial leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas. Clinically, SMTs present with signs and symptoms of bronchial obstruction, and lack specific radiological findings. Thus, histopathological examination is required for accurate diagnosis as well as for tumor grading. We examined the histomorphological and immunohistochemical features of endobronchial SMTs and highlighted pitfalls in diagnosis, particularly when using small biopsies. Methods: Cases of primary endobronchial SMTs diagnosed at our Institute over the last 6 years (2012–2017) were retrieved from the departmental archives. Histopathological features and immunohistochemistry performed for establishing the diagnosis were reviewed. Results: Five cases of SMTs occurring in endobronchial locations were identified. These included three cases of leiomyoma, and two cases of leiomyosarcoma. The age distribution of patients ranged from 13 to 65 years. Leiomyomas showed more consistent staining with smooth muscle markers (smooth muscle actin, desmin, and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain), while tumors of higher grade showed variable, focal staining, leading to erroneous diagnosis, especially on small biopsies. Conclusions: The diagnosis of endobronchial SMTs relies on histopathological examination, for both confirmation of smooth muscle lineage and determination of the malignant potential of the lesion. Appropriate immunohistochemical panels including more than one marker of smooth muscle differentiation are extremely valuable for differential diagnosis from morphological mimics, which is necessary for instituting appropriate management.

Correlation of TTF-1 immunoexpression and EGFR mutation spectrum in non–small cell lung carcinoma

Tripti Nakra,Varsha Singh,Aruna Nambirajan,Prabhat Singh Malik,Anant Mohan,Deepali Jain 대한병리학회 2021 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.55 No.4

Background: Thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1) is a diagnostic marker expressed in 75%–85% of primary lung adenocarcinomas (ACs). Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene is the most common targetable driver alteration in lung AC. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between TTF-1 and EGFR mutation status. We aimed to determine the predictive value of TTF-1 immunoexpression for underlying EGFR mutation status in a large Indian cohort. Methods: This retrospective designed study was conducted with medical record data from 2011 to 2020. All cases of primary lung AC and non–small cell lung carcinoma not otherwise specified (NSCLC, NOS) with known TTF-1 expression diagnosed by immunohistochemistry using 8G7G3/1 antibodies and EGFR mutation status diagnosed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction were retrieved, reviewed, and theresults were analyzed. Results: Among 909 patient samples diagnosed as lung AC and NSCLC, NOS, TTF-1 was positive in 76.8% cases (698/909) and EGFR mutations were detected in 29.6% (269/909). A strong positive correlation was present between TTF-1 positivity and EGFR mutation status (odds ratio, 3.61; p < .001), with TTF-1 positivity showing high sensitivity (90%) and negative predictive value (87%) for EGFR mutation. TTF-1 immunoexpression did not show significant correlation with uncommon/dual EGFR mutations (odds ratio, 1.69; p = .098). EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was significantly superior to chemotherapy among EGFR mutant cases irrespective of TTF-1 status; however, no significant differences among survival outcomes were observed. Conclusions: Our study confirms a strong positive correlation between TTF-1 expression and common EGFR mutations (exon 19 deletion and exon 21 L858R) in advanced lung AC with significantly high negative predictive value of TTF-1 for EGFR mutations.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Cytokeratins in Acquired Cholesteatoma and Its Clinico-Radiological Correlation

Kanodia Anupam,Kakkar Aanchal,Verma Yash,Roy Diya,Verma Hitesh,Singh Chirom Amit,Monga Rabia,Jain Deepali,Thakar Alok,Sikka Kapil 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.2

Background and Objectives: Cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media acquires epithelial proliferation and differentiation characteristics, which render it able to erode the underlying bone and cause complications. We attempt to characterize the cholesteatoma epithelium by observing the expression of cytokeratins (such as 34ße12, CK17, and CK13) and Ki67 among patients with cholesteatoma with different aggressiveness as compared to disease-free controls.Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study (2017-2021), we enrolled all consenting consecutive patients with cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. They were staged in accordance with the staging guidelines of the European Academy of Otology and Neurotology and the Japanese Otological Society. Bony external auditory canal (EAC) skin specimens of the patients undergoing tympanoplasty were chosen as controls. We did an immunohistochemical analysis of the cholesteatoma specimens and normal bony EAC controls by observing the expression of 34ße12, CK17, CK13, and Ki67 across the layers of the epithelium. Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test were used to evaluate any statistical significance between the cases and the controls, and the subgroups were made based on the clinical stage.Results: An increased expression of CK17 (<i>p</i><0.001), CK13 (<i>p</i><0.03), and Ki67 (<i>p</i><0.001) was observed in cholesteatoma specimens when compared to normal bony EAC controls. Also, there was a loss of expression of 34ße12 in a subset of cholesteatoma specimens, all of which showed full-thickness expression of CK13. There was no difference in the expression of cytokeratin among specimens from patients belonging to different subgroups based on clinical stage, age, sex, duration of ear symptoms, or type of hearing loss (conductive vs. sensorineural).Conclusions: The majority of cholesteatoma specimens significantly overexpressed CK17, CK13, and Ki67 when compared to normal bony EAC skin controls, while a subset showed loss of expression of 34ße12, which provides some insight into its pathogenesis.