A newly characterized exopolysaccharide from Sanghuangporus sanghuang

Xiao-kui Ma,Xu She,Eric Charles Peterson,Yu Zhen Wang,Peng Zheng,Hongyan Ma,Kexin Zhang,Jian Liang 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.9

Sanghuangporus sanghuang is a well-known pharmacodynamic and economically important edible fungus associated with mulberry (Morus spp.). A distinctly new exopolysaccharide (EPS), designated SHP-2 was obtained from S. sanghuang P0988 broth, and its structure and anti-aging prosperity were characterized. SHP-2 was found to be composed of a backbone of 4)-β-Manp-(1 4)-α-Araf-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α-Glcp-(1 3,4)-α- Glcp-(1 6)-α-Galp-(1 4)-β-Manp-(1 and five branches, including four α-D-Glcp-(1 and one α-D-Manp-(1 SHP-2 was shown to increase antioxidant enzyme activities including catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as trolox equivalent antioxidant (TEAC) capacity in serum of mice pre-treated with D-Gal, while reducing lipofuscin levels. SHP-2 exerted a favorable influence on immune organ coefficients and ameliorated the histopathological hepatic lesions and apoptosis in hepatocytes of Dgalactose- aged mice almost in a dose-dependent manner. Using the same analytical methods, on comparison with previously studied EPS compounds (i.e. SHP-1), SHP-2 was found to have more complex structure, larger molecule weight, and different anti-aging properties. The results presented here suggest that not only does EPS bioactivity vary with respect to molecular structures and molecule weight, but that multiple structures with different activity can be expressed by a single fungal strain. These results may help understanding the antiaging prosperity of these polysaccharides for use in health foods or dietary supplements.

Different Catabolism Pathways Triggered by Various Methylxanthines in Caffeine-Tolerant Bacterium Pseudomonas putida CT25 Isolated from Tea Garden Soil

( Yi-xiao Ma ),( Xiao-han Wu ),( Hui-shi Wu ),( Zhan-bo Dong ),( Jian-hui Ye ),( Xin-qiang Zheng ),( Yue-rong Liang ),( Jian-liang Lu ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.7

The degradation efficiency and catabolism pathways of the different methylxanthines (MXs) in isolated caffeine-tolerant strain Pseudomonas putida CT25 were comprehensively studied. The results showed that the degradation efficiency of various MXs varied with the number and position of the methyl groups on the molecule (i.e., xanthine > 7-methylxanthine ≈ theobromine > caffeine > theophylline > 1-methylxanthine). Multiple MX catabolism pathways coexisted in strain CT25, and a different pathway would be triggered by various MXs. Demethylation dominated in the degradation of N-7-methylated MXs (such as 7- methylxanthine, theobromine, and caffeine), where C-8 oxidation was the major pathway in the catabolism of 1-methylxanthine, whereas demethylation and C-8 oxidation are likely both involved in the degradation of theophylline. Enzymes responsible for MX degradation were located inside the cell. Both cell culture and cell-free enzyme assays revealed that N-1 demethylation might be a rate-limiting step for the catabolism of the MXs. Surprisingly, accumulation of uric acid was observed in a cell-free reaction system, which might be attributed to the lack of activity of uricase, a cytochrome c-coupled membrane integral enzyme.

Bacterial and Fungal Diversity in the Starter Production Process of Fen Liquor, a Traditional Chinese Liquor

Xiao-Ran Li,En-Bo Ma,Liang-Zhen Yan,Han Meng,Xiao-Wei Du,Zhe-Xue Quan 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.4

Fermented foods and beverages are important parts of human diet. Fen liquor, a Chinese liquor is a fermented beverage that uses a traditional fermentation process. Starters are the main microbial source and also provide nutrients for microorganisms during fermentation. In this study, starters of Fen liquor were produced through a complex traditional fermentation process. To investigate the community structure and the composition of microorganisms in the starter production process, bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions were sequenced using clone libraries and pyrosequencing, respectively. There was much higher diversity among the bacteria than among the fungi in the starter production process. Bacteria on the surface of the starters belonged mostly to the Lactobacillaceae family,while members of the Bacillacae family were dominant in the interior of the samples that lacked access to air and water. In the fungi population, diversity was high only in the raw material. In all other samples, nearly all of the fungal sequences were from Pichia kudriavzevii, a member of the Saccharomycetaceae family. Nearly all samples showed similar fungal community structures, indicating that there was little change in the fungal community. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to reveal the whole process of the starter production of Chinese traditional liquor. The findings obtained in this study provide new insights into understanding the composition of the microbial community during the traditional Chinese liquor starter production process and information about the production process control and monitoring.

Effect of polymer and additive on the structure and property of porous stainless steel hollow fiber

Xiao-Hua Ma,Zhen-Liang Xu,Yu Bai,Yue Cao 한국화학공학회 2014 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.31 No.8

Porous stainless steel hollow fiber has been widely used due to its high mechanical strength, excellentthermal conductivity and good sealing properties compared with other porous supports. We successfully prepared porousstainless steel hollow fibers using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as polymer via dry-wet spinning followed by sintering throughtemperature programming method. The PAN concentration had an obvious impact on the structure and property ofporous stainless steel hollow fiber even if it would be burned off during sintering. The results showed that the morphologycould be tuned by adjusting the concentration of PAN. With increasing PAN concentration in casting solutionfor spinning, the viscosity was increased dramatically, resulting in much compact structures with high pure water flux(higher than 3×105 L·m−2·h−1·Pa−1). A more dense structure could be obtained by adding additive polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP) as viscosity enhancer.

Effect of the Oxygen Flux Ratio on the Structural and the Optical Properties of Silver-oxide Films Deposited by Using the Direct-current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Method

Xiao-Yong Gao,Hong-Liang Feng,Zeng-Yuan Zhang,Jiao-Min Ma,Meng-Ke Zhao,Chao Chen,Jin-Hua Gu,Shi-E Yang,Yong-Sheng Chen,Jing-Xiao Lu 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.58 No.2

Using values of the oxygen flux ratio (OFR = [O2]/[Ar]) ranging from 0 to 0.5, authors deposited a series of silver-oxide (Ag_xO) films on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering (DC sputtering) at a substrate temperature of 150 ℃. The effect of the OFR on the film’s structural and optical properties was systematically investigated by using X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and spectrophotometry. The Ag_xO films deposited clearly show an evolution of the film’s phase structure from the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) structure to the biphased (AgO + Ag_2O) structure and then to the single-phased (Ag_2O) structure as value of the OFR increases. Accordingly, the film’s surface morphology, related to the film’s crystalline structure, clearly changes from a loose and porous surface structure to a compact surface structure and then to a pyramid-like surface structure with increasing value of the OFR. The novel porous structure may be attributed to the interruption of the silver’s growth course by the AgO on the film’s surface. Notably, a single-phased Ag_2O film is deposited by DC-sputtering at OFR = 0.5 due to the dual effects of thermal decomposition of the AgO phase and a combination reaction of AgO and Ag to Ag_2O. The oscillations both in the film’s reflectivity and transmissivity spectra are strengthened with increasing OFR, indicating an evolution from the metallic behavior of the biphased (Ag + Ag_2O) film to the dielectric behavior of the biphased (Ag_2O + AgO) film and the single-phased Ag2O film. The fitted optical absorption edges of the Ag_2O and the Ag_xO films deposited at values of the OFR of 0.5 and 0.33 are approximately 2.43 eV and 2.34 eV, respectively. The absorption edges are closely related to the direct interband transitions.

Study on the Crystalline Structure and the Thermal Stability of Silver-oxide Films Deposited by Using Direct-current Reactive Magnetron Sputtering Methods

Gao Xiao-Yong,Feng Hong-Liang,Zhang Zeng-Yuan,Ma Jiao-Min 한국물리학회 2010 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.56 No.4

Silver-oxide (AgxO) films were deposited on glass substrates by direct-current reactive magnetron sputtering at different oxygen flux ratios (OFR = [O2]/[Ar]) and substrate temperatures (Ts). An X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the AgxO films are biphased (Ag + Ag2O) when deposited at low OFR values and that Ag2O-dominated AgxO film can only be synthesized at higher OFR values, as con¯rmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This result may be due to the Ag2O phase being preferably produced at high OFR value. The AgO phase is thermodynamically unsta-ble compared with the Ag2O phase. In order to further offer deep insight into the ¯lm's thermal stability, Ag2O-dominated AgxO ¯lms were thermally treated by using a rapid thermal processing technique at different annealing temperatures for different annealing times. The Ag2O phase is thermodynamically stable at temperatures below the threshold of the thermal decomposition tem-perature which approaches 175 ±C. The domination of the Ag2O phase in the AgxO film may be attributed to the chain reaction AgO → Ag2O ↔ Ag + O, AgO + Ag → Ag2O.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus among Women from Henan, China

Wang, Xiao-Chuan,Sun, Liang-Qi,Ma, Li,Li, Hua-Xin,Wang, Xiu-Li,Wang, Xin,Yun, Tian,Meng, Nian-Long,Lv, Da-Le Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.17

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a causative of cervical cancer. In the present study, a total of 578 samples from females attending the gynecological outpatient clinic in Henan province, China, were collected and the HPV genotypes were detected by gene chip and flow-through hybridization. Overall, 44.5% (257/578) females were found to be HPV DNA positive, and the high risk HPV (HR-HPV) rate was 35.1% (203/578). The first peak of HR-HPV infection appeared in the >60 year-old group (55.0%), and the second was within the 51-55 year-old group (50.0%) (${\chi}^2$=19.497, p<0.05). HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (9.2%), followed by HPV 52 (7.8%), HPV 6 (6.9%), HPV 11 (5.9%) and HPV 42 (5.0%). The single type HPV infection was 30.4%, with the five majority prevalent genotype HPV 16 (16.5%), HPV 52 (14.3%), HPV 6 (12.6%), HPV 42 (8.6%), HPV 31 (5.1%). The multiple-type HPV infections were 14.0%, and HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (29.6%), followed by HPV 52 (24.7%), HPV 6 (22.2%), HPV 11 (22.2%), HPV 42 (17.3%) and HPV 39 (17.3%).

Comparative energy content and amino acid digestibility of barley obtained from diverse sources fed to growing pigs

Hong Liang Wang,Meng Shi,Xiao Xu,Xiao Kang Ma,Ling Liu,Xiang Shu Piao 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.7

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the content of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in barley grains obtained from Australia, France or Canada. Methods: In Exp. 1, 18 growing barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire; 31.5±3.2 kg) were individually placed in stainless-steel metabolism crates (1.4×0.7×0.6 m) and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 test diets. In Exp. 2, eight crossbred pigs (30.9±1.8 kg) were allotted to a replicate 3×4 Youden Square designed experiment with three periods and four diets. Two pigs received each diet during each test period. The diets included one nitrogen-free diet and three test diets. Results: The relative amounts of gross energy (GE), CP, and all AA in the Canadian barley were higher than those in Australian and French barley while higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and β-glucan as well as lower concentrations of GE and ether extract were observed in the French barley compared with the other two barley sources. The DE and ME as well as the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine in Canadian barley were higher (p<0.05) than those in French barley but did not differ from Australian barley. Conclusion: Differences in the chemical composition, energy content and the SID and AID of AA were observed among barley sources obtained from three countries. The feeding value of barley from Canada and Australia was superior to barley obtained from France which is important information in developing feeding systems for growing pigs where imported grains are used.

Transcriptome and proteomics-based analysis to investigate the regulatory mechanism of silk gland differences between reciprocal cross silkworm, Bombyx mori

Ge Qi,Xiao Rui,Yuan Yi,He Suqun,Chen Liang,Ma Shangshang,Taha Rehab Hosny,Yao Qin,Chen Keping 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.4

The silkworm, Bombyx mori, is an important model economic insect. Cross breeding is an important way to select excellent silkworm varieties, and different combinations among the same parents often show different genetic characters. To explore the regulatory mechanism of silk gland differences in reciprocal cross silkworm, the 3rd day of the 5th instar of the orthogonal silkworm (306♀ × NB♂, 798♀ × NB♂) and the reverse cross silkworm (NB♀ × 306♂, NB♀ × 798♂) silk glands were used as experimental materials, then using Label-free-based proteomics and RNA-Seq-based transcriptomics for analysis. Besides, the qRT-PCR was used to validate the expression of differentially expressed genes. The results showed that in NB♀ × 306♂ VS 306♀ × NB♂ group, 280 differentially expressed genes and 238 differential proteins were up-regulated while 40 differentially expressed genes and 149 differential proteins were down-regulated; in NB♀ × 798♂ VS 798♀ × NB♂, 82 differentially expressed genes and 325 differential proteins were up-regulated while 113 differentially expressed genes and 258 differential proteins were down-regulated. Further analysis indicated that the up-regulation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene and cytochrome P450 gene, which are related to mitochondria, might be regulated by maternal inheritance. The GO and KEGG enrichment initially showed that the differential genes and proteins are mainly involved in processes such as protease metabolism, ATP hydrolysis, lipid transport, insect hormone synthesis, and TCA cycle. The down-regulated expression of ecdysone oxidase and Serpin-32 in the reverse cross group will reduce the energy utilization in the process of silk gland synthesis, increase the hydrolysis of serine, affect the synthesis and transport of silk protein, and cause the difference between reciprocal crosses.

Dynamic analysis of Ca^(2+) level during bovine oocytes maturation and early embryonic development

Su Li Liang,Qian Jun Zhao,Xiang Chen Li,Ya Ping Jin,Yi Peng Wang,Xiao Hua Su,Wei Jun Guan,Yue Hui Ma 대한수의학회 2011 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.12 No.2

Mammalian oocyte maturation and early embryo development processes are Ca^(2+)-dependent. In this study, we used confocal microscopy to investigate the distribution pattern of Ca^(2+) and its dynamic changes in the processes of bovine oocytes maturation, in vitro fertilization (IVF), parthenogenetic activation (PA) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryo development. During the germinal vesicle (GV) and GV breakdown stage, Ca^(2+) was distributed in the cortical ooplasm and throughout the oocytes from the MI to MII stage. In IVF embryos, Ca^(2+)was distributed in the cortical ooplasm before the formation of the pronucleus. In 4-8 cell embryos and morulas, Ca^(2+) was present throughout the blastomere. In PA embryos, Ca^(2+) was distributed throughout the blastomere at 48 h, similar to in the 4-cell and 8-cell phase and the morula. At 6 h after activation, there was almost no distribution of Ca^(2+) in the SCNT embryos. However, Ca^(2+) was distributed in the donor nucleus at 10 h and it was distributed throughout the blastomere in the 2-8 cell embryos. In this study, Ca^(2+) showed significant fluctuations with regularity of IVF and SCNT groups, but PA did not. Systematic investigation of the Ca^(2+) location and distribution changes during oocyte maturation and early embryo development processes should facilitate a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in oocyte maturation, reconstructed embryo activation and development, ultimately improving the reconstructed embryo development rate.