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      • MEGAMASER DISKS REVEAL A BROAD DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK HOLE MASS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES

        Greene, J. E.,Seth, A.,Kim, M.,,sker, R.,Goulding, A.,Gao, F.,Braatz, J. A.,Henkel, C.,Condon, J.,Lo, K. Y.,Zhao, W. American Astronomical Society 2016 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.826 No.2

        <P>We use new precision measurements of black hole (BH) masses from water megamaser disks to investigate scaling relations between macroscopic galaxy properties and supermassive BH mass. The megamaser-derived BH masses span 10(6)-10(8) M-circle dot, while all the galaxy properties that we examine (including total stellar mass, central mass density, and central velocity dispersion) lie within a narrower range. Thus, no galaxy property correlates tightly with M-BH in similar to L* spiral galaxies as traced by megamaser disks. Of them all, stellar velocity dispersion provides the tightest relation, but at fixed sigma* the mean megamaser M-BH are offset by -0.6 +/- 0.1 dex relative to early-type galaxies. Spiral galaxies with non-maser dynamical BH masses do not appear to show this offset. At low mass, we do not yet know the full distribution of BH mass at fixed galaxy property; the non-maser dynamical measurements may miss the low-mass end of the BH distribution due to an inability to resolve their spheres of influence and/or megamasers may preferentially occur in lower-mass BHs.</P>

      • KCI등재

        A computational model of ureteral peristalsis and an investigation into ureteral reflux

        G. Hosseini,C. Ji,D. Xu,M. A. Rezaienia,E. Avital,A. Munjiza,J. J. R. Williams,J. S. A. Green 대한의용생체공학회 2018 Biomedical Engineering Letters (BMEL) Vol.8 No.1

        The aim of this study is to create a computationalmodel of the human ureteral system that accuratelyreplicates the peristaltic movement of the ureter for avariety of physiological and pathological functions. Theobjectives of this research are met using our in-house fluidstructuraldynamics code (CgLes–Y code). A realisticperistaltic motion of the ureter is modelled using a novelpiecewise linear force model. The urodynamic responsesare investigated under two conditions of a healthy and adepressed contraction force. A ureteral pressure during thecontraction shows a very good agreement with correspondingclinical data. The results also show a dependencyof the wall shear stresses on the contraction velocity and itconfirms the presence of a high shear stress at the proximalpart of the ureter. Additionally, it is shown that an inefficientlumen contraction can increase the possibility of acontinuous reflux during the propagation of peristalsis.

      • SCIE

        Diversification and enrichment of clinical biomaterials inspired by Darwinian evolution

        Green, D.W.,Watson, G.S.,Watson, J.A.,Lee, D.J.,Lee, J.M.,Jung, H.S. Elsevier BV 2016 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.42 No.-

        Regenerative medicine and biomaterials design are driven by biomimicry. There is the essential requirement to emulate human cell, tissue, organ and physiological complexity to ensure long-lasting clinical success. Biomimicry projects for biomaterials innovation can be re-invigorated with evolutionary insights and perspectives, since Darwinian evolution is the original dynamic process for biological organisation and complexity. Many existing human inspired regenerative biomaterials (defined as a nature generated, nature derived and nature mimicking structure, produced within a biological system, which can deputise for, or replace human tissues for which it closely matches) are without important elements of biological complexity such as, hierarchy and autonomous actions. It is possible to engineer these essential elements into clinical biomaterials via bioinspired implementation of concepts, processes and mechanisms played out during Darwinian evolution; mechanisms such as, directed, computational, accelerated evolutions and artificial selection contrived in the laboratory. These dynamos for innovation can be used during biomaterials fabrication, but also to choose optimal designs in the regeneration process. Further evolutionary information can help at the design stage; gleaned from the historical evolution of material adaptations compared across phylogenies to changes in their environment and habitats. Taken together, harnessing evolutionary mechanisms and evolutionary pathways, leading to ideal adaptations, will eventually provide a new class of Darwinian and evolutionary biomaterials. This will provide bioengineers with a more diversified and more efficient innovation tool for biomaterial design, synthesis and function than currently achieved with synthetic materials chemistry programmes and rational based materials design approach, which require reasoned logic. It will also inject further creativity, diversity and richness into the biomedical technologies that we make. All of which are based on biological principles. Such evolution-inspired biomaterials have the potential to generate innovative solutions, which match with existing bioengineering problems, in vital areas of clinical materials translation that include tissue engineering, gene delivery, drug delivery, immunity modulation, and scar-less wound healing. Statement of Significance: Evolution by natural selection is a powerful generator of innovations in molecular, materials and structures. Man has influenced evolution for thousands of years, to create new breeds of farm animals and crop plants, but now molecular and materials can be molded in the same way. Biological molecules and simple structures can be evolved, literally in the laboratory. Furthermore, they are re-designed via lessons learnt from evolutionary history. Through a 3-step process to (1) create variants in material building blocks, (2) screen the variants with beneficial traits/properties and (3) select and support their self-assembly into usable materials, improvements in design and performance can emerge. By introducing biological molecules and small organisms into this process, it is possible to make increasingly diversified, sophisticated and clinically relevant materials for multiple roles in biomedicine.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS
      • KCI등재

        Surface Investigation of a Cubic AlN Buffer Layer and GaN Grown on Si (111) and Si (100) as Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy

        M.K. Bae,S.N. Yi,A.M. Green,D.H. Shin,J.H. Na,N.L. Kang,R.A. Taylor,박승환 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.3

        We have studied the microscopic surface morphology of AlN which was revealed by using an atomic force microscopy (AFM). AlN was sputtered on Si (111) and Si (100) substrates for 30 and 60 minutes. AlN was observed to crystallize as cubic-AlN at an annealing temperature of 900 C and an annealing time of 60 minutes. We present a model to explain this cubic AlN bonding configuration. GaN was grown on AlN/Si(111) and AlN/Si(100) substrates by using a hydride vapor phase epitaxy technique. A terrace with saw-tooth-shaped formations was observed on the GaN surface and could be explained in terms of the lattice mismatch and the gas diusion rate.

      • GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) Technology for 0.8-6 GHz Commercial Wireless Communications

        Kim, M. E.,Gorman, G. M.,Cho, N. M.,Kong, K. S.,Champaneria, C. N.,Greene, J. E.,Bruckner, C. L.,Walsworth, C. R.,Do, V. A.,Coleman, D. W.,Hew, P. R.,Chung, S. C.,Jung, W.,Seo, H. C.,Hwang, Y. I.,Chu, 대한전자공학회 1993 ICVC : International Conference on VLSI and CAD Vol.3 No.1

        This paper .discusses the GaAs HBT device and IC technology and its application to commercial wireless communication systems in the 0.8-6 GHz frequency range. Key performance/cost advantages of the GaAs HBT previously established over silicon bipolar and GaAs MESFET in this frequency regime are now being applied to critical RF front-end requirements of wireless voice and data communication systems. GaAs HBT components developed far such wireless systems include small-signal .and power functions which offer combinations of higher gain-bandwidth, higher efficiency, lower distortion, wider dynamic range and simpler design implementations. GaAs HBT/IC fabrication technology, device/IC performance and system applications are discussed.

      • KCI등재

        Bendamustine, etoposide, and dexamethasone to mobilize peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells for autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

        Adam M. Greenbaum,Damian J. Green,Leona A. Holmberg,Ted Gooley,Brian G. Till,Lihua E. Budde,Heather Rasmussen,Oliver W. Press,Ajay K. Gopal 대한혈액학회 2018 Blood Research Vol.53 No.3

        Background Bendamustine is a chemotherapeutic agent that has shown broad activity in patients with lymphoid malignancies. It contains both alkylating and nucleoside analog moieties, and thus, is not commonly used for stem cell mobilization due to concerns that it may ad-versely affect stem cell collection. Here we describe the lymphoma subset of a pro-spective, non-randomized phase II study of bendamustine, etoposide, and dex-amethasone (BED) as a mobilization agent for lymphoid malignancies. Methods This subset analysis includes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (N=3), follicular lymphoma (N=1), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (N=1), and NK/T-cell lymphoma (N=1). Patients received bendamustine (120 mg/m2 IV d 1, 2), etoposide (200 mg/m2 IV d 1‒3), and dexamethasone (40 mg PO d 1‒4) followed by filgrastim (10 mcg/kg/d sc. through collection). Results We successfully collected stem cells from all patients, with a median of 7.9×106/kg of body weight (range, 4.4 to 17.3×106/kg) over a median of 1.5 days (range, 1 to 3) of apheresis. All patients who received transplants were engrafted using kinetics that were comparable to those of other mobilization regimens. Three non-hematologic significant adverse events were observed in one patient, and included bacterial sepsis (grade 3), tumor lysis syndrome (grade 3), and disease progression (grade 5). Conclusion For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mobilization with bendamustine is safe and effective.

      • SCISCIE
      • KCI등재

        Bendamustine, etoposide, and dexamethasone to mobilize peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells for autologous transplantation in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

        Adam M. Greenbaum,Damian J. Green,Leona A. Holmberg,Ted Gooley,Brian G. Till,Lihua E. Budde,Heather Rasmussen,Oliver W. Press,Ajay K. Gopal 대한혈액학회 2018 Blood Research Vol.53 No.3

        Background Bendamustine is a chemotherapeutic agent that has shown broad activity in patients with lymphoid malignancies. It contains both alkylating and nucleoside analog moieties, and thus, is not commonly used for stem cell mobilization due to concerns that it may ad-versely affect stem cell collection. Here we describe the lymphoma subset of a pro-spective, non-randomized phase II study of bendamustine, etoposide, and dex-amethasone (BED) as a mobilization agent for lymphoid malignancies. Methods This subset analysis includes diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (N=3), follicular lymphoma (N=1), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (N=1), and NK/T-cell lymphoma (N=1). Patients received bendamustine (120 mg/m2 IV d 1, 2), etoposide (200 mg/m2 IV d 1‒3), and dexamethasone (40 mg PO d 1‒4) followed by filgrastim (10 mcg/kg/d sc. through collection). Results We successfully collected stem cells from all patients, with a median of 7.9×106/kg of body weight (range, 4.4 to 17.3×106/kg) over a median of 1.5 days (range, 1 to 3) of apheresis. All patients who received transplants were engrafted using kinetics that were comparable to those of other mobilization regimens. Three non-hematologic significant adverse events were observed in one patient, and included bacterial sepsis (grade 3), tumor lysis syndrome (grade 3), and disease progression (grade 5). Conclusion For non-Hodgkin lymphoma, mobilization with bendamustine is safe and effective.

      • SCISCIESCOPUS

        Effects of resynchronization programs on pregnancy per artificial insemination, progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in plasma of lactating dairy cows

        Thompson, I.M.,Cerri, R.L.A.,Kim, I.H.,Green, J.A.,Santos, J.E.P.,Thatcher, W.W. American Dairy Science Association 2010 Journal of dairy science Vol.93 No.9

        Objectives were to develop a timed artificial insemination (TAI) resynchronization program to improve pregnancy per AI and to evaluate responses of circulating progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins in lactating cows. Cows (n=1,578) were presynchronized with 2 injections of PGF<SUB>2α</SUB>, given 14 d apart starting on d 45+/-3 postpartum, followed by Ovsynch [2 injections of GnRH 7 d before and 56h after injection of PGF<SUB>2α</SUB>, TAI 16h after second injection (d 0)]. The Resynch-treated cows received an intravaginal progesterone insert from d 18 to 25, GnRH on d 25, and pregnancy diagnosis on d 32, and nonpregnant cows received PGF<SUB>2α.</SUB>, GnRH 56h later, and TAI 16h later (d 35). The control cows were diagnosed for pregnancy on d 32 and nonpregnant cows received GnRH, PGF<SUB>2α</SUB> 39 d after TAI, GnRH 56h later, and TAI 16h later (d 42). Pregnancy was reconfirmed on d 60 after AI. Ovarian structures were examined in a subset of cows at the time of GnRH and PGF<SUB>2α</SUB> injections. Blood samples for analyses of progesterone and pregnancy-associated glycoproteins were collected every 2 d from d 18 to 30 in 100 cows, and collection continued weekly to d 60 for pregnant cows (n=43). Preenrollment pregnancies per AI on d 32 did not differ for cows subsequently treated as Resynch (45.8%, n=814) and control (45.9%, n=764), and pregnancy losses on d 60 were 6.7 and 4.0%, respectively. Resynchronized service pregnancy per AI (36%, n=441; 39.5%, n=412) and pregnancy losses (6.3 and 6.7%) did not differ for Resynch and control treatments, respectively. Days open for pregnant cows after 2 TAI were less for the Resynch treatment than for the control treatment (96.2+/-0.82 vs. 99.5+/-0.83 d). Cows in the Resynch treatment had more large follicles at the time of GnRH. The number of corpora lutea did not differ between treatments at the time of PGF<SUB>2α</SUB>. Plasma progesterone for pregnant cows was greater for Resynch cows than for control cows (18-60 d; 6.6 vs. 5.3ng/mL), and plasma concentrations of progesterone on d 18 were greater for pregnant cows than for nonpregnant cows (5.3 vs. 4.3ng/mL). Plasma pregnancy-associated glycoproteins during pregnancy were lower for cows in the Resynch treatment compared with control cows on d 39 (2.8 vs. 4.1ng/mL) and 46 (1.3 vs. 3.0ng/mL). Cows pregnant on d 32 that lost pregnancy by d 60 (n=7) had lower plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins on d 30 than cows that maintained pregnancy (n=36; 2.9 vs. 5.0ng/mL). Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins on d 30 (>0.33ng/mL) were predictive of a positive d 32 pregnancy diagnosis (sensitivity=100%; specificity=90.6%). In conclusion, Resynch and control protocols had comparable pregnancy per AI for first and second TAI services, but pregnancy occurred 3.2 d earlier in the Resynch group because inseminations in the Resynch treatment began 7 d before those in the control treatment. Administration of an intravaginal progesterone insert, or GnRH, or both increased progesterone during pregnancy. Dynamics of pregnancy-associated glycoproteins were indicative of pregnancy status and pregnancy loss.

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