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Enterprise-wide Information System for Construction : A Document Based Approach
Mohammed Arif,Dennis Kulonda,Charles Egbu,Jack S. Goulding,Tahsin Toma 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.2
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have gained significant popularity in last decade. However, with the growing rate of implementation, we have also heard of growing number of implementation failures and expensive repairs. Construction sector is a unique sector because a big proportion of construction companies can be classified as Small and Medium sized Enterprise (SMEs). This paper evaluates the applicability of ERP to construction sector. It also evaluates a document based enterprise information system and compares it to ERP through a case study of a modular home manufacturer. Based on the analysis, the document based enterprise information system seemed to be smaller, cheaper and more modular in nature. Given that it was assembled using Commercial Off the Shelf Software (COTS), it will also require less training and IT expertise from the users, reducing the training budget significantly as well. Based on the data, the document based system seems like a viable alternative to the ERP for the construction sector.
MEGAMASER DISKS REVEAL A BROAD DISTRIBUTION OF BLACK HOLE MASS IN SPIRAL GALAXIES
Greene, J. E.,Seth, A.,Kim, M.,Lä,sker, R.,Goulding, A.,Gao, F.,Braatz, J. A.,Henkel, C.,Condon, J.,Lo, K. Y.,Zhao, W. American Astronomical Society 2016 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.826 No.2
<P>We use new precision measurements of black hole (BH) masses from water megamaser disks to investigate scaling relations between macroscopic galaxy properties and supermassive BH mass. The megamaser-derived BH masses span 10(6)-10(8) M-circle dot, while all the galaxy properties that we examine (including total stellar mass, central mass density, and central velocity dispersion) lie within a narrower range. Thus, no galaxy property correlates tightly with M-BH in similar to L* spiral galaxies as traced by megamaser disks. Of them all, stellar velocity dispersion provides the tightest relation, but at fixed sigma* the mean megamaser M-BH are offset by -0.6 +/- 0.1 dex relative to early-type galaxies. Spiral galaxies with non-maser dynamical BH masses do not appear to show this offset. At low mass, we do not yet know the full distribution of BH mass at fixed galaxy property; the non-maser dynamical measurements may miss the low-mass end of the BH distribution due to an inability to resolve their spheres of influence and/or megamasers may preferentially occur in lower-mass BHs.</P>
RIGOROUS "RICH ARGUMENT" IN MICROLENSING PARALLAX
Gould, Andrew The Korean Astronomical Society 2020 Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society Vol.53 No.5
I show that when the observables (π<sub>E</sub>, t<sub>E</sub>, θ<sub>E</sub>, π<sub>s</sub>, µ<sub>s</sub>) are well measured up to a discrete degeneracy in the microlensing parallax vector π<sub>E</sub>, the relative likelihood of the different solutions can be written in closed form P<sub>i</sub> = KH<sub>i</sub>B<sub>i</sub>, where H<sub>i</sub> is the number of stars (potential lenses) having the mass and kinematics of the inferred parameters of solution i and B<sub>i</sub> is an additional factor that is formally derived from the Jacobian of the transformation from Galactic to microlensing parameters. Here t<sub>E</sub> is the Einstein timescale, θ<sub>E</sub> is the angular Einstein radius, and (π<sub>s</sub>, µ<sub>s</sub>) are the (parallax, proper motion) of the microlensed source. The Jacobian term B<sub>i</sub> constitutes an explicit evaluation of the "Rich Argument", i.e., that there is an extra geometric factor disfavoring large-parallax solutions in addition to the reduced frequency of lenses given by H<sub>i</sub>. I also discuss how this analytic expression degrades in the presence of finite errors in the measured observables.
A terrestrial planet in a ~1-AU orbit around one member of a ∼15-AU binary
Gould, A.,Udalski, A.,Shin, I.-G.,Porritt, I.,Skowron, J.,Han, C.,Yee, J. C.,Kozłowski, S.,Choi, J.-Y.,Poleski, R.,Wyrzykowski, Ł.,Ulaczyk, K.,Pietrukowicz, P.,Mró,z, P.,Szymań,ski, M. K.,K American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.345 No.6192
<P>Using gravitational microlensing, we detected a cold terrestrial planet orbiting one member of a binary star system. The planet has low mass (twice Earth's) and lies projected at similar to 0.8 astronomical units (AU) from its host star, about the distance between Earth and the Sun. However, the planet's temperature is much lower, <60 Kelvin, because the host star is only 0.10 to 0.15 solar masses and therefore more than 400 times less luminous than the Sun. The host itself orbits a slightly more massive companion with projected separation of 10 to 15 AU. This detection is consistent with such systems being very common. Straightforward modification of current microlensing search strategies could increase sensitivity to planets in binary systems. With more detections, such binary-star planetary systems could constrain models of planet formation and evolution.</P>
LOCALLY SEMICOMPLETE DIGRAPHS WITH A FACTOR COMPOSED OF k CYCLES
Gould, Ronald J.,Guo, Yubao Korean Mathematical Society 2004 대한수학회지 Vol.41 No.5
A digraph is locally semicomplete if for every vertex $\chi$, the set of in-neighbors as well as the set of out-neighbors of $\chi$ induce semicomplete digraphs. Let D be a k-connected locally semicomplete digraph with k $\geq$ 3 and g denote the length of a longest induced cycle of D. It is shown that if D has at least 7(k-1)g vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles; furthermore, if D is semicomplete and with at least 5k + 1 vertices, then D has a factor composed of k cycles and one of the cycles is of length at most 5. Our results generalize those of [3] for tournaments to locally semicomplete digraphs.