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우리나라 1개 농촌 지역 주민의 질병상태에 관한 조사 : 경기도 양주군 수동면 Su-Dong Myun, Yang-Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do
이옥엽,박순복,원규숙,이내숙,등영문 이화여자대학교 의과대학 1979 梨花醫學誌 Vol.- No.11
A study on the status of disease in a Korean rural Community, Su-Dong Myun, Yong Ju Gun, Kyung-Gi Do was carried out from December, 28 1978 to January, 19 1979 through analizing the meclical records of Su-Dong Health Subcenter during the period september, 1977 to August, 1978 and following results were obtained. 1. New cases of out patients were 5,695 composed of 49.1% male and 50.9% female during the study period. 2. Cumulative cases of out patients were 9,956 composed of 56.4% male and 43.6% female during the study period. 3. Annual morbidity rate was 908.6 per 1,000 for male and 986.4 for female and average annual morbidity rate was 946.6 per 1,00 population. 4. The highest morbidity rate was 3,660.0 as composed of aged 0∼4, the lowest was 498.4 as composed of aged 10∼14 per 1m000 population per year. 5. Following was the order of five major disease which were classified with I.C.D. ① Diseases of the respiratory system : 33.4% ② Diseases of the digestive system : 21.5% ③ Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue : 15.4% ④ Diseases of the nervous system and sense organs : 7.9% ⑤ Accidents, poisonings and violence : 9.4% 6. The visiting rate in the health subcenter were 2.01 for male, 1.44 for female and the average 1.75 per each out patient. 7. Average medical fee per new case was 653±510 won and average cumulatived fee per case was 923±833 won. 8. The distribution of out patients according to the cost of medical fee, 48.9% of total new patients was treated with less than 500 won and 93.3% of new patients was treated with less than 1,000 won.
저장벽 양자우물구조와 비태칭 패브리 - 페로 공명기 구조에 의한 고성능 2×4 S-SEED Array 구현
권오균(O. K. Kwon),최영완(Y. W. Choi),김광준(K. J. Kim),이일항(E. H. Lee),이상훈(S. H. Lee),원용협(Y. H. Won),유형모(H. M. Yoo) 한국광학회 1994 한국광학회지 Vol.5 No.1
GaAs/Al_(0.04)Ga_(0.96)As 다중양자우물 구조를 이용한 반사형 PIN 다이오우드 S-SEED의 설계에 있어 낮은 동작전압, 높은 포화에너지 및 높은 반사율 on/off 강도비를 얻고자 저장벽 양자우물구조와 비대칭 페브리-페로 공명구조를 결합하였다. 2×4 array를 구성하는 S-SEED들은 역방향 동작전압 5V에서 평균적으로 13 이상의 반사율 on/off 강도비 (CR)와 약 24%의 반사율차 (ΔR) 및 91% 이상의 광쌍안정폭 (Δ)을 나타내었다. 공명구조를 이용함으로서 PIN 다이오우드 진성영역내의 양자우물의 주기수를 줄일 수 있어 외부동작전압 없이도 CR~4.7, R~9.2%, ~22%의 향상된 무전압 광쌍안정 동작특성을 얻었다. We designed and fabricated a 2×4 symmetric self electro-optic effect device array using GaAs/Al_(0.04)Ga_(0.96)As extremely shallow quantum wells grown by a molecular beam epitaxy. By employing ESQW and asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity structure simultaneously, we improved the performances of S-SEED such as on/off contrast ratio (CR), reflectivity change (ΔR), and optical bistability loop width (Δ). The average values of the elements of the 2×4 S-SEED array were CR~13.1, R~24%, and Δ~91%. It was found that the AFP cavity structure enhances the self-biased optical bistability in ESQW-SEED under no external bias. That is due to the decreased intrisic region thickness in AFP-SEED structures, and which increases the built-in electric fields. The zero-biased S-SEED showed CR of ~4.7, R~9%, and Δ~22%.
한우 미경산우에 대한 난소적출이 발육 및 도체형질에 미치는 영향
원유석,박노형,정준,정재경,임연수,박종관,이문걸 한국축산학회 1999 한국축산학회지 Vol.41 No.5
Five intact control(IC) and 5 ovariectomized heifers(OVX), born in the Livestock Improvement Main Center of National Livestock Co-operatives Federation, were used to study the effects of ovariectomy on growth and carcass traits. Ovariectomy was performed surgically at an average of 6 months old via an incision through the left lumbar fossa area. All heifers were fed concentrates and rice straw based on NLCF's feeding program. Heifers were slaughtered at an average of 24 months old and carcass traits were investigated according to the standard of the Animal Product Grading Service. Physical traits and chemical contents including fatty acids composition and cholesterol concentration in M. longissimus dorsi muscle were examined. Though feed intakes were not different, average daily gain of OVX was higher about 8.4% than that of IC, resulting in improved feed efficiency. The pH of the strip loin from OVX was higher than that of IC(OVX vs IC : 5.43 vs 5.36, P$lt;0.05), however, lowered in cholesterol content(OVX vs IC : 81.76 vs 89.36). Ovariectomy did not affect on tenderness and cooking loss but water holding capacity of the strip loin was higher than IC. Contents of myristic acid, palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid tended to be decreased by OVX, in contrast, linoleic acid was increased. Meat production index(MPI) and meat quality gade(MQG) were not influenced by ovariectomy. All of the OVX got lst grade in the carcass quality grade. Though an ovariectomy was little beneficial effects to improve the MPI and MQG items, overall meat quality grade of OVX was better than IC.
Organic-inorganic hybrid photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction
Won, D. I.,Lee, J. S.,Cheong, H. Y.,Cho, M.,Jung, W. J.,Son, H. J.,Pac, C.,Kang, S. Royal Society of Chemistry 2017 Faraday discussions Vol.198 No.-
<P>Efficient hybrid photocatalysts for carbon dioxide reduction were developed from dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles and their catalytic performance was optimized by ternary organic/inorganic components. Thus, the hybrid system consists of (E)-2-cyano-3-(5'(5 ''-(p-(diphenylamino)phenyl)thiophen-2 ''-yl)thiophen-2'-yl)-acrylic acid as a sensitizer and fac-[Re(4,4'-bis(diethoxyphosphorylmethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)(3)Cl] as a reduction catalyst (ReP), both of which have been fixed onto TiO2 semiconductors (s-TiO2, h-TiO2, d-TiO2). Mott-Schottky analysis on flat-band potential (E-fb) of TiO2 mesoporous films has verified that Efb can be finely modulated by volume variation of water (0 to 20 vol%). The increase of added water resulted in substantial positive shifts of Efb from -1.93 V at 0 vol% H2O, to -1.74 V (3 vol% H2O), to -1.56 V (10 vol% H2O), and to -1.47 V (20 vol% H2O). As a result, with addition of 3-10 vol% water in the photocatalytic reaction, conversion efficiency of CO2 to CO increased significantly reaching a TON value of similar to 350 for 30 h. Catalytic activity enhancement is mainly attributed to (1) the optimum alignment of Efb by 3-10 vol% water with respect to the E-ox* of the dye and E-red of ReP for smooth electron transfer from photo-excited dye to ReP via the TiO2 semiconductor and (2) the water-induced acceleration of chemical processes on the fixed ReP. In addition, the energy level was further tuned by variation of the dye and ReP amounts. We also found that the intrinsic properties of TiO2 sources (morphology, size, agglomeration) exert a great influence on the overall photocatalytic activity of this hybrid system. Implications of the present observations and reaction mechanisms are discussed in detail.</P>