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Latha, M.,Devi, R. Aruna,Velumani, S.,Oza, Goldie,Reyes-Figueroa, P.,Rohini, M.,Becerril-Juarez, I. G.,Yi, Junsin American Scientific Publishers 2015 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.15 No.11
<P>Chalcopyrite CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) nanoparticles were synthesized by mixing copper (I) chloride (CuCl), Indium (III) chloride (InCl3), gallium (III) chloride (GaCl3) and selenium (Se) in oleylamine (OLA) at 260 degrees C for 4 h under nitrogen atmosphere. The Ga/(In + Ga) ratio was tuned across the entire stoichiometric range from 0 to 1. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) revealed chalcopyrite crystal structure for samples prepared with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1. The lattice parameters a and c decreased linearly with increasing Ga concentration which is consistent with Vegard's law. Raman spectra exhibited A(1) optical phonon vibrational mode for synthesized nanoparticles which gradually shifted to higher wavenumber with increasing Ga content. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed irregular as well as hexagonal plate like morphologies in the size range of 100 to 400 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images showed well-defined lattice fringes and d-spacing correspond to (112) plane which gradually decreases with increasing Ga content. The material compositions of synthesized CIGS nanoparticles with x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1 were very close to the desired stoichiometry which was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Ultra-violet visible near infrared (UV-VIS-NIR) absorption spectra of the synthesized CIGS nanoparticles revealed that the bandgap could be tuned over the range 1 to 1.7 eV by varying the Ga/(In+Ga) ratio.</P>
Taming of large diameter triaxial setup
Nair, Asha M.,Madhavi Latha, G. Techno-Press 2012 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.4 No.4
Triaxial tests are essential to estimate the shear strength properties of the soil or rock. Normally triaxial tests are carried out on samples of 38 mm diameter and 76 mm height. Granular materials, predominantly used in base/sub-base construction of pavements or in railways have size range of 60-75 mm. Determination of shear strength parameters of those materials can be made possible only through triaxial tests on large diameter samples. This paper describes a large diameter cyclic triaxial testing facility set up in the Geotechnical Engineering lab of Indian Institute of Science. This setup consists of 100 kN capacity dynamic loading frame, which facilitates testing of samples of up to 300 mm diameter and 600 mm height. The loading ram can be actuated up to a maximum frequency of 10 Hz, with maximum amplitude of 100 mm. The setup is capable of carrying out static as well as dynamic triaxial tests under isotropic, anisotropic conditions with a maximum confining pressure of 1 MPa. Working with this setup is a difficult task because of the size of the sample. In this paper, a detailed discussion on the various problems encountered during the initial testing using the equipment, the ideas and solutions adopted to solve them are presented. Pilot experiments on granular sub-base material of 53 mm down size are also presented.
Rajanigandha Vadgaonkar,M.D. Prameela,Chettiar Ganesh Kumar,Vandana Blossom,Mamatha Tonse,B.V. Murlimanju,Mangala M. Pai,Latha V. Prabhu 대한해부학회 2021 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.54 No.2
The reconstructive surgeries utilize pes anserinus (PA) tendons, because of their lesser post-operative clinical deficits and donor site morbidity. These surgeries require anatomical knowledge about the extent of PA formation. The goal of this study was to determine the length and width of the PA formation. The objectives were to measure the distance of its upper limit, lower limit, and vertical distance from the tibial tuberosity (TT). The present descriptive cross sectional study included 53 embalmed cadaveric lower extremities. The upper and lower limits of PA were exposed with the careful dissection. Measurements of the dimensions were performed with the help of a digital vernier caliper (Mitutoyo Co., Kanagawa, Japan). The PA length, width, distance of its upper limit, lower limit, and vertical distance of it from the TT were 47.4±13.3 mm, 37.3±7.2 mm, 47.6±12.5 mm, 54.6±10.4 mm, and 39.1±14.2 mm, respectively over the right extremity. The same measurements were 46.3±14.7 mm, 39.1±9.4 mm, 39.1±5.9 mm, 49.5±8.2 mm, and 36.4±12.1 mm, respectively for the left extremity. The extent of PA was observed to be extremely variable. The preoperative knowledge about the dimensions of PA will help the plastic and orthopedic surgeon put the accurate skin incision, decreasing the donor site morbidity and biomechanical instability of the PA grafts. We suggest that, preoperative ultrasound measurement of the PA may help the operating surgeon to prevent the complications like injury to the infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve.
L. Pari,M. Latha 한국식품영양과학회 2003 Journal of medicinal food Vol.6 No.4
In light of evidence that diabetes mellitus is associated with oxidative stress and altered antioxidant status, weinvestigated the effect of Scoparia dulcis plant extracts (SPEt) (aqueous, ethanolic, and chloroform) in streptozotocin diabeticrats. Significant increases in the activities of insulin, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, reduced glutathione, vitamin C, and vitamin E were observed in liver, kidney, and brain on treatment with SPEt.In addition, the treated groups also showed significant decreases in blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, andhydroperoxide formation in tissues, suggesting its role in protection against lipid peroxidation-induced membrane damage.Thus, the results of the present study indicate that extracts of S. dulcis, especially the aqueous extract, showed a modulatoryeffect by attenuating the above lipid peroxidation in streptozotocin diabetes.
Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Study of an Antidiabetic Plant: Scoparia dulcis L.
L. Pari,M. Latha,K.M. Ramkumar,P.N. Damodaran,V. Rajeshkannan,T. Suresh 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.3
The antimicrobial and antifungal effects of different concentrations of chloroform/methanol fractions of Sco-paria dulciswere investigated. The isolated fractions were tested against different bacteria like Salmonella typhii, Staphylo-coccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgarisand fungal strains such asAlternaria macrospora, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium oxysporum. The isolated fractions exhibited sig-nificant antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all the tested organisms compared with respective reference drugs. Theisolated fractions of S. dulcisshowed properties like antimicrobial and antifungal activities that will enable researchers in turnto look for application-oriented principles.
Navale Prakash M,Manamohan Maligeppagol,Asokan R.,Sharath Chandra G.,Prasad Babu K.,Latha J.,Krishna Kumar N.K.,Ellango R.,Krishna V. 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
Helicoverpa armigera is an important pest infesting a number of crops of high commercial value leading to huge economic losses globally. RNA interference (RNAi) is a potent tool for the control of insect pests and towards this objective, transgenic tomato expressing dsRNA of Juvenile hormone acid methyl transferase (JHAMT) gene of H. armigera was developed. The H. armigera larvae fed on HaJHAMT tomato leaves led to a severe (90%) down regulation of the cognate gene expression thus adversely affected the feeding and metamorphosis. Reduction in larval and pupal weight and inability to undergo complete metamorphosis were observed that led to larval-pupal intermediates and subsequently affected the eclosion. Thus, JH down regulation is an attractive target due to specificity to insects and its important role in insect growth and development to engineer insect resistance in crops using RNAi.
Morphology and topography of the parietal emissary foramina in South Indians: an anatomical study
B. V. Murlimanju,Vasudha V. Saralaya,M. S. Somesh,Latha V. Prabhu,Ashwin Krishnamurthy,Ganesh Kumar Chettiar,Mangala M. Pai 대한해부학회 2015 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.48 No.4
The objectives of the present study were to study the prevalence of the parietal emissary vein in adult South Indian population and to study the distance of foramen from the sagittal suture. There were 58 adult human skulls in the present study which were available at the anatomy department of our institution. The study included 116 parietal bones which have been observed macroscopically for the number, prevalence and topography of the emissary foramen. The emissary foramen was present in 83 parietal bones (71.5%) of the present study. It was present at the junction between the middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 region of the parietal bone. The foramen was observed solitary in 73 parietal bones (62.9%), double in 8 bones (6.9%), and triple in 2 parietal bones (1.7%). The foramen was not observed in 33 parietal bones (28.4%). The bilateral absence of parietal emissary foramen was seen in 7 skulls (12.1%). It was absent unilaterally in 19 skulls (32.7%). The accessory foramina were seen in only 8 skulls (13.8%). The mean distance of the foramen from the sagittal suture was 6.7±2.9 mm and 6.8±2.8 mm on the right and left sides respectively. The prevalence of parietal emissary vein in the present study was 71.5%. The present study has observed important data about the morphology and morphometry of the parietal emissary vein in South Indian population. The identification of parietal emissary veins and accessory veins is important in the operation room to prevent the blood loss.
B V Murlimanju,Ganesh Kumar Chettiar,M D Prameela,Mamatha Tonse,Naveen Kumar,Vasudha V Saralaya,Latha V Prabhu 대한해부학회 2014 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.47 No.3
The identification of mastoidal emissary veins is of importance in the neurosurgical practice to diagnose abnormal and normal structures. In the present study, the objectives were to estimate the prevalence rate of mastoidal emissary foramina in the temporal bones of the adult skull and to study their number and morphology. The present study included 48 adult human skulls which were obtained from the gross anatomy laboratory of our institution. The mastoid parts of 96 temporal bones were macroscopically observed for the prevalence, number and morphology of the emissary foramina. It is observed that, the mastoidal emissary foramen was present in 88 temporal bones (91.7%) of our specimens. The foramen was observed single in 60 temporal bones (62.5%), double in 22 bones (22.9%), and triple in 6 temporal bones (6.2%). The mastoidal emissary foramen was absent in 8 (8.3%) temporal bones. The foramen was bilaterally absent in 3 (3.1%) skulls. It was unilaterally absent in 2 (2.1%) skulls and both were on the left side. The mastoidal emissary vein is prevalent in a large number (91.7%) of cases. It was observed that the accessory mastoidal emissary foramina were present in 29.1% of cases. Recognition of the mastoid emissary veins and accessory mastoid emissary veins during the otologic surgery is critical to avoid the significant bleeding. In the neurosurgical practice, the knowledge is important due to variability in the number of mastoidal emissary veins and their connection to the venous sinuses.