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Assessment of a HER2 scoring system for gastric cancer: results from a validation study
Hofmann, M,Stoss, O,Shi, D,Bü,ttner, R,van de Vijver, M,Kim, W,Ochiai, A,Rü,schoff, J,Henkel, T Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2008 Histopathology Vol.52 No.7
<P>Aims: </P><P>Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression/amplification is implicated in the development of various solid tumour types. Validated methods and scoring systems for evaluating HER2 status exist in breast cancer, but not in gastric cancer. The aim was to establish a HER2 scoring system for gastric cancer to identify suitable patients for enrolment in a trial of trastuzumab (Herceptin<SUP>®</SUP>) in advanced metastatic gastric cancer.</P><P>Methods and results: </P><P>Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded gastric cancer samples were tested for HER2 status using the fluorescence <I>in situ</I> hybridization (FISH) pharmDx™ kit (Dako Denmark A/S). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using the HercepTest™ (Dako). Concordance between FISH and IHC was 93.5% in 168 evaluable samples. Eleven samples were scored as FISH+ but IHC− or equivocal.</P><P>Conclusions: </P><P>IHC/FISH discrepancies were attributed to basolateral membranous immunoreactivity of glandular cells resulting in incomplete membranous reactivity and/or a higher rate of tumour heterogeneity in gastric cancer compared with breast cancer. With modifications to the IHC scoring system, the HercepTest™ is considered valid for the identification of HER2+ gastric tumours for this clinical trial. Correlation of HER2 scores with clinical outcomes will be needed to determine which patients might benefit from trastuzumab therapy.</P>
MULTIFUNCTIONALIZED SPIONs FOR NUCLEAR TARGETING: CELL UPTAKE AND GENE EXPRESSION
CHRISTIN M. GRABINSKI,SABER M. HUSSAIN,JATUPORN SALAKLANG,CAROL M. GARRETT,AMANDA M. SCHRAND,ALKE PETRI-FINK,HEINRICH HOFMANN 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2014 NANO Vol.9 No.1
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are used in many biological applications,which necessitate intracellular targeting. Here, we investigate intracellular localization andgene expression in HeLa cells after treatment with functionalized SPIONs. Functional groups investigated included positive amino propyl silane (APS), polyethylene glycol and targetingpeptides: nuclear targeting peptide (NTP) and/or cancer cell uptake promoting peptide (cRGD). Results revealed that the intracellular localization of SPIONs was strongly dependent on thesurface chemistry. Nuclear targeted SPIONs functionalized with only NTP or both NTP andcRGD were mostly localized in perinuclear endosomes with a small fraction entering the nucleus. The biocompatibility of cells after treatment was also dependent on surface chemistry, whereSPIONs functionalized with both NTP and cRGD exhibited a more signi¯cant reduction of cellproliferation compared to NTP or cRGD individually. Interestingly, gene expression aftertreatment with SPIONs was similar, regardless of the surface functionalization or intracellularlocalization. The results of this study showed that cellular uptake and intracellular localizationpredominantly depended on the surface chemistry, while gene expression exhibited a more genericresponse to SPION treatment.
Slipping reconnection in a solar flare observed in high resolution with the GREGOR solar telescope
Sobotka, M.,Dudí,k, J.,Denker, C.,Balthasar, H.,Jurč,á,k, J.,Liu, W.,Berkefeld, T.,Collados Vera, M.,Feller, A.,Hofmann, A.,Kneer, F.,Kuckein, C.,Lagg, A.,Louis, R. E.,von der Lü Springer-Verlag 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Multi-Step Commutation and Control Policies for Matrix Converters
Hofmann. W,Ziegler. M 전력전자학회 2001 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.2001 No.10
The commutation and control in matrix converters is more complicated as in voltage source converters. Natural freewheeling paths do not exist and the theoretic absent storage elements result in a direct coupled system of load and line currents as well as voltages. The paper offers an overview about staggered commutation and control policies in matrix converters. Based on the knowledge about load current direction and the signs of the line to line input voltages different multi-step commutation policies were derived. This paper examines the application of that policies in the case of space vector modulation and direct control methods with the focus on the resulting effects to the reference output voltage deviation.<br/> Index terms - Matrix converter, commutation, control.
Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge
Felipe, T.,Collados, M.,Khomenko, E.,Kuckein, C.,Asensio Ramos, A.,Balthasar, H.,Berkefeld, T.,Denker, C.,Feller, A.,Franz, M.,Hofmann, A.,Joshi, J.,Kiess, C.,Lagg, A.,Nicklas, H.,Orozco Suá,rez EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Magnetic Order in YbMn2Si2 - Neutron Scattering Investigation
S. J. Campbell,M. Hofmann,R. A. Mole,K. Prokes,D. Wallacher,J. L. Wang 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.63 No.3
Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the structural and magnetic behaviour ofthe rare earth intermetallic compound YbMn2Si2 below the transition that occurs around 30 K. We have carried out detailed neutron diffraction measurements over the temperature range 0.3 -52 K and confirm both an antiferromagnetic structure with ferromagnetic Mn (001) planes coupledantiferromagnetically along the c-axis above 30 K and the absence of ordering of the Yb sublatticedown to 0.3 K. The decrease in intensity of the (111) reflection around 30 K together with theappearance of satellite reflections of propagation vector k = 00 12 confirm that the magnetic unitcell doubles along the c axis below TN2. The resultant molecular field acting on half of the ionsbelow 30 K removes the degeneracy of the Kramers doublets of the Yb3+ ions and accounts forthe additional excitations observed below 30 K compared with the inelastic neutron scatteringabove 30 K.
Magnetic Resonance Properties of Zn1-xMnxO thin Films grown by Using Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Jan Stehr,Christoph Knies,Detlev M. Hofmann,Wei Xu,Yingxue Zhou,Xinyi Zhang 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1
We present the results of an electron paramagnetic resonance study of Zn1-xMnxO thin lms grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The Mn concentrations in the samples vary between x = 0.03 and x = 0.3. In addition to residual Mo3+ ions, the exchange interaction of the Mn2+ ions is studied. Our results show dominantly antiferromagnetic coupling of the ions. We present the results of an electron paramagnetic resonance study of Zn1-xMnxO thin lms grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The Mn concentrations in the samples vary between x = 0.03 and x = 0.3. In addition to residual Mo3+ ions, the exchange interaction of the Mn2+ ions is studied. Our results show dominantly antiferromagnetic coupling of the ions.
Kim, Yong Hyun,Lee, Jonghee,Hofmann, Simone,Gather, Malte C.,Mü,ller‐,Meskamp, Lars,Leo, Karl WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Advanced functional materials Vol.23 No.30
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Efficient transparent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with improved stability based on conductive, transparent poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) electrodes are reported. Based on optical simulations, the device structures are carefully optimized by tuning the thickness of doped transport layers and electrodes. As a result, the performance of PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs reaches that of indium tin oxide (ITO)‐based reference devices. The efficiency and the long‐term stability of PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs are significantly improved. The structure engineering demonstrated in this study greatly enhances the overall performances of ITO‐free transparent OLEDs in terms of efficiency, lifetime, and transmittance. These results indicate that PEDOT:PSS‐based OLEDs have a promising future for practical applications in low‐cost and flexible device manufacturing.</P>