Cycles in Conditional Faulty Enhanced Hypercube Networks

Liu, Min,Liu, Hongmei The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

The architecture of an interconnection network is usually represented by a graph, and a graph G is bipancyclic if it contains a cycle for every even length from 4 to ${\mid}V(G){\mid}$. In this article, we analyze the conditional edge-fault-tolerant properties of an enhanced hypercube, which is an attractive variant of a hypercube that can be obtained by adding some complementary edges. For any n-dimensional enhanced hypercube with at most (2n-3) faulty edges in which each vertex is incident with at least two fault-free edges, we showed that there exists a fault-free cycle for every even length from 4 to $2^n$ when n($n{\geq}3$) and k have the same parity. We also show that a fault-free cycle for every odd length exists from n-k+2 to $2^n-1$ when n($n{\geq}2$) and k have the different parity.

Evaluating Construction Cost of Green Building Based on Life-cycle Cost Analysis : An empirical analysis from Nanjing, China

Hongmei Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.9 No.12

With the economic development, energy consumption is increasingly serious, land resources becoming scarcer and scarcer. Green building can effectively solve the problem of resource shortage; however, the development of green buildings in China is very slow because of its higher cost, compared with conventional buildings.. In this paper, we analyze the construction cost of green building based on life-cycle cost method, and try to find out the key factors that affect the cost. Through the empirical analysis, the results prove that there are six main factors that influence the cost of green building, such as green building technology, policy support, project positioning, construction technology, building materials prices and local conditions. On this basis, we put forward relevant policy suggestions.

Cycles in Conditional Faulty Enhanced Hypercube Networks

Min Liu,Hongmei Liu 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

The architecture of an interconnection network is usually represented by a graph, and a graph G is bipancyclic if it contains a cycle for every even length from 4 to |V (G)|. In this article, we analyze the conditional edge-fault-tolerant properties of an enhanced hypercube, which is an attractive variant of a hypercube that can be obtained by adding some complementary edges. For any n-dimensional enhanced hypercube with at most (2n−3)faulty edges in which each vertex is incident with at least two faultfree edges, we showed that there exists a fault-free cycle for every even length from 4 to 2n when n (n ≥ 3) and k have the same parity. We also show that a fault-free cycle for every odd length exists from n−k+2to 2n −1 when n (n ≥ 2) and k have the different parity.

Antagonism of tomato spotted wilt virus against tomato yellow leaf curl virus in Nicotiana benthamiana detected by transcriptome analysis

Qiao Ning,Liu Yongguang,Liu Jie,Zhang Dezhen,Chi Wenjuan,Li Jintang,Zhu Xiaoping,Liu Hongmei,Li Fajun 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.1

Background Tomato spot wilt virus (TSWV) and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) are highly harmful viruses in agricultural production, which can cause serious economic losses to crops and even devastating consequences for vegetable yield in some countries and regions. Although the two viruses belong to different families and have different transmission vectors, they share most hosts. Objective This study aimed to examine the transcriptomic expression of single and mixed inoculations of TSWV and TYLCV, leading to antagonism using high-throughput RNA sequencing. Methods We confirmed the single and mixed infections of these viruses in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) by artificial inoculation. And the expression changes of related genes and their biological functions and pathways during the mixed infection of TSWV and TYLCV were analyzed by comparative transcriptome. Results Basically, similar symptoms were observed in the plants singly infected with TSWV and co-infected with TYLCV; the symptoms of TYLCV in the co-infected plants were not obvious compared with single TYLCV infections. When inoculated with TYLCV, the accumulation of the virus significantly reduced in single and mixed infections with TSWV; the TSWV accumulated slightly less in co-infection with TYLCV, whereas this reduction was much smaller than that of TYLCV. The results suggested that TSWV had an antagonistic effect on the accumulation of TYLCV in N. benthamiana. It mainly focused on the changes in unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) caused by the co-infection of TSWV and TYLCV. The eight pathways enriched by upregulated DEGs mainly included amino acid biosynthesis, citrate cycle (or tricarboxylic acid cycle, TCA cycle), and so on. However, only pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and peptidoglycan biosynthesis could be downregulated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway in which peptidoglycan biosynthesis was involved in upregulated and downregulated pathways. Conclusions The antagonistic effect of TSWV on TYLCV in N.benthamiana and the change trends and specific pathways of DEGs in this process were found. Our study provided new insights into the host regulation and competition between viruses in response to TSWV and TYLCV mixed infection.

Practice of Characteristic Major Construction Facing Industry Needs

Hongmei SHI,Zhiming LIU 한국철도학회 2009 철도저널 Vol.12 No.2

Production of Recombinant Human Papillomavirus Type 52 L1 Protein in Hansenula polymorpha Formed Virus-Like Particles

Liu, Cunbao,Yao, Yufeng,Yang, Xu,Bai, Hongmei,Huang, Weiwei,Xia, Ye,Ma, Yanbing The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 is a high-risk HPV responsible for cervical cancer. HPV type 52 is common around the world and is the most common in some Asian regions. The available prophylactic HPV vaccines protect only from HPV types 16 and 18. Supplementing economical vaccines that target HPV type 52 may satisfactorily complement available prophylactic vaccines. A codon-adapted HPV 52 L1 gene was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha, which is used as an industrial platform for economical hepatitis B surface antigen particle production in China. We found that the recombinant proteins produced in this expression system could form virus-like particles (VLPs) with diameters of approximately 50 nm. This study suggests that the HPV 52 VLPs produced in this platform may satisfactorily complement available prophylactic vaccines in fighting against HPVs prevalent in Asia.

Vector mechanics-based simulation of large deformation behavior in RC shear walls using planar four-node elements

Hongmei Zhang,Yufei Shan,Yuanfeng Duan,Chung Bang Yun,Song Liu 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.74 No.1

For the large deformation of shear walls under vertical and horizontal loads, there are difficulties in obtaining accurate simulation results using the response analysis method, even with fine mesh elements. Furthermore, concrete material nonlinearity, stiffness degradation, concrete cracking and crushing, and steel bar damage may occur during the large deformation of reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls. Matrix operations that are involved in nonlinear analysis using the traditional finite-element method (FEM) may also result in flaws, and may thus lead to serious errors. To solve these problems, a planar four-node element was developed based on vector mechanics. Owing to particle-based formulation along the path element, the method does not require repeated constructions of a global stiffness matrix for the nonlinear behavior of the structure. The nonlinear concrete constitutive model and bilinear steel material model are integrated with the developed element, to ensure that large deformation and damage behavior can be addressed. For verification, simulation analyses were performed to obtain experimental results on an RC shear wall subjected to a monotonically increasing lateral load with a constant vertical load. To appropriately evaluate the parameters, investigations were conducted on the loading speed, meshing dimension, and the damping factor, because vector mechanics is based on the equation of motion. The static problem was then verified to obtain a stable solution by employing a balanced equation of motion. Using the parameters obtained, the simulated pushover response, including the bearing capacity, deformation ability, curvature development, and energy dissipation, were found to be in accordance with the experimental observation. This study demonstrated the potential of the developed planar element for simulating the entire process of large deformation and damage behavior in RC shear walls.

Practice of Characteristic Major Construction Facing Industry Needs

Shi, Hongmei,Liu, Zhiming The Korean Society for Railway 2009 철도저널 Vol.12 No.2

Testicular Characteristics and the Block to Spermatogenesis in Mature Hinny

Han, Hongmei,Wang, Aihong,Liu, Liming,Zhao, Gaoping,Su, Jie,Wang, Biao,Li, Yunxia,Zhang, Jindun,Wu, Baojiang,Sun, Wei,Hu, Shuxiang,Li, Shuyu,Zhao, Lixia,Li, Xihe Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2016 Animal Bioscience Vol.29 No.6

Most hinnies (female donkey${\times}$male horse) and mules (female horse${\times}$male donkey) are sterile with few reports of equine fertile hybrids. The main cause of this sterility is thought to be a meiotic block to spermatogenesis and oogenesis. This study compared the developmental features of the testes and a histological analyses of spermatogenesis in a male hinny with those of a normal, fertile stallion and Jack donkey. Hinny testes showed a thicker tunica albuginea, fewer blood vessels and more connective tissue in the testis parenchyma than those of the stallion and Jack donkey. Although the mean number of seminiferous tubules was significantly higher in stallion and hinny than Jack donkey (p<0.01), the mean proportion of seminiferous tubules was lower in the hinny (p<0.01) which resulted in a smaller diameter of seminiferous tubules. The mean number of spermatogonia and spermatocytes per unit area were significantly lower in hinny testis (p<0.01) and no spermatids or mature spermatozoa cells were found during immunofluorescent analyses. These results indicated that defects in seminiferous tubule development and structure occur in the testis of hinnies. Furthermore, most spermatogonia and spermatocytes cease development in synapsis during mid-meiosis of spermatocytes, which results in a block to spermatogenesis that prevents the formation of spermatids and matured spermatozoa during meiosis in male hinnies.

Principals’ perceptions of effective teaching: A survey of Chinese school principals

Shujie Liu,Jian Wang,Hongmei Liang 한국교육개발원 2015 KEDI Journal of Educational Policy Vol.12 No.2

Principals’ beliefs of effective teaching presumably shape their efforts to recruit teachers, evaluate teaching quality, support teachers to develop their teaching practices, and nurture the professional environment that promotes high the teaching quality in their schools. Drawing on survey data from 314 Chinese principals, this study examines principals’ perceptions of effective teaching and compares them with those of Chinese teachers and U.S. school principals in the literature. The study found that Chinese principals believed effective teaching practices to be those that align lesson plans with student learning styles, engage students actively in the learning process, offer clear, specific, and timely feedback, treat all students with respect, and maintain a physical and emotional safe environment for learning. These ideas are consistent with Chinese teachers’ perceptions about effective teaching but are clearly differentiated from those of U.S. principals. These perceptions were varied as participants had different years of administrative experiences, worked in urban or rural schools, and in schools with different levels of student performance.