Effect of social order, perch, and dust-bath allocation on behavior in laying hens

Wang Yanan,Zhang Runxiang,Wang Lisha,Li Jianhong,Su Yingying,Li Xiang,Bao Jun 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.2

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages. Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured. Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p< 0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wingshaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC. Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of different social ranking order (SRO) and the enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (EA) on behavior of laying hens in furnished cages.Methods: Total experimental period was 4 weeks. There were 216 Hy-line brown layers beak-trimmed at 1 d of age and selected randomly at 14 weeks of age from a commercial farm, and randomly divided into 36 cages with 6 hens in each cage. High enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (HEA) and low enrichments (perch and dust-bath) allocation (LEA) were provided. Video observations of behavior were obtained from the focal hens between 14 and 18 weeks of age and perching, dust-bathing and other general behaviors of the hens with different social orders were measured.Results: Perching behavior of high SRO hens (HSR) were significantly higher than that of medium SRO hens (MSR), and that of the MSR were significantly higher than that of low SRO hens (LSR) (p<0.01), except for lying on perch (p>0.05). The hens in the high EA cage (HEAC) showed more lying behavior on perch than those in the low EA cage (LEAC) (p<0.01). The different SRO and EA did not affect dust-bathing behavior except vertical wing-shaking behavior (p<0.05). The LEA did not affect general behaviors (p>0.05), except standing and preening behaviors (p<0.01 and p<0.05), of which the hens in the HEAC showed less standing (p<0.01) and more preening behavior than the hens in the LEAC.Conclusion: The SRO of laying hens has a significant effect on the perching behaviors, but SRO and EA have little effect on dust-bathing and general behaviors.

Optimization of the Experimental Parameters Affecting the Corrosion Behavior for Mg–Y–Zn–Mn Alloy via Response Surface Methodology

Lisha Wang,Jinghua Jiang,Bassiouny Saleh,Reham Fathi,He Huang,Huan Liu,Aibin Ma 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

This paper optimizes experimental parameters on controlling corrosion performance of the Mg-rare-earth alloys with longperiod stacking ordered structure using response surface methodology. Different NaCl concentrations, temperatures, andvarying pH values are selected as input parameters. The corrosion current density (icorr) and open circuit potential (OCP)are used as the multiple responses to evaluate the corrosion performances. The corrosion surface morphology and corrosionmechanism of the Mg alloys are also investigated by scanning electron microscopy for the optimization. Analysis of variance(ANOVA) has given the impact of individual factors and interactions on the corrosion rate. The results indicated thatthe three test parameters had significant impacts in controlling the corrosion behavior of Mg alloy. Moreover, the increasedNaCl concentration decreased the pitting potential (Epit) of the target materials. Filiform corrosion can be detected in high pHsolutions, whereas the matrix suffered from severe dissolution phenomenon in low pH solutions. High temperature aggravatedthe local destruction and dissolution of the protective film. The interaction of the experimental parameters showed a sizableinfluence on corrosion performance.

Recent Progress on Corrosion Behavior and Mechanism of Mg–RE Based Alloys with Long Period Stacking Ordered Structure

Lisha Wang,Jinghua Jiang,Ting Yuan,Qiuyuan Xie,Huan Liu,Aibin Ma 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.5

Mg alloys containing long period stacking ordered (LPSO) structures possess excellent mechanical properties and corrosionresistance, exhibiting great application potential in biodegradable implants. The corrosion process of different LPSOphases in the Mg alloys need to be furtherly clarified in different solution environments. In this paper, we mainly reviewedthe influencing factors on the corrosion behavior of LPSO-containing Mg alloys, including the alloying elements, processingtechnologies, and the types, volume fractions and distributions of LPSO phases. Recent researches are well summarized withan emphasis on their corrosion mechanism. Special attention is given to the key issues for LPSO-containing Mg alloys asbiomedical implants, with their biodegradation behavior comprehensively discussed. The motivation is to provide theoreticalsupport for the possible application of LPSO-containing Mg alloys in the biomedical field.

Superior adsorption of Re(VII) by anionic imprinted chitosan-silica composite: Adsorption performance, selectivity and mechanism study

Ying Xiong,Lisha Xie,Long Zhu,Yuejiao Wang,Weijun Shan,Zhenning Lou,Junshuo Cui,Haibiao Yu 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.108 No.-

In this study, a three-dimensional chitosan/mesoporous silica composite material (I-CTS-KIT-6) was successfullysynthesized by one-step method using ion imprinting technology. To overcome the enormouscost problem, MoO4 2 with similar radius to ReO4was selected as template ion. In addition, the adsorbentwas prepared by using glutaraldehyde and chitosan as crosslinking agents and monomers and TEOS assilicon source in the process of imprinting. The effects of pH values, mass of chitosan and templateion, contact time, temperature and concentration on Re(VII) adsorption were studied. The resultsrevealed that the I-CTS-KIT-6 has the saturated adsorption capacity of 368.8 mg g1 at pH 3.0 for Re(VII), and the adsorption process corresponded to Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Especially, the I-CTS-KIT-6 has higher selectivity for rhenium ions compared with the non-imprintedadsorbent. To verify the adsorption mechanism, density functional theory (DFT) was adopted to analyzethe binding patterns of Re(VII) with the I-CTS-KIT-6. The test analysis and calculation results further mentionedthat the adsorption mechanism is mainly three N atoms of I-CTS-KIT-6 coordinated with threeoxygen atoms of ReO4, which provides the theoretical foundations and explanations for adsorptionprocess.

Depression after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review

Wai Kwong Tang,Lisha Wang,George Kwok Chu Wong,Gabor S. Ungvari,Fumihiko Yasuno,Kelvin K.F. Tsoi,Jong S. Kim 대한뇌졸중학회 2020 Journal of stroke Vol.22 No.1

Background and Purpose Depression is common and debilitating illness accompanying many neurological disorders including non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this systematic review was to identify and critically appraise all published studies that have reported the frequency, severity and time course of depression after SAH, the factors associated with its development and the impact of depression on patients’ quality of life after SAH. Methods The PubMed database was searched for studies published in English that recruited at least 40 patients (>18 years old) after SAH who were also diagnosed with depression. Results Altogether 55 studies covering 6,327 patients met study entry criteria. The frequency of depression ranged from 0% to 61.7%, with a weighted proportion of 28.1%. Depression remained common even several years after the index SAH. Depression after SAH was associated with female sex, premorbid depression, anxiety, substance use disorders or any psychiatric disorders, and coping styles. Comorbid cognitive impairment, fatigue, and physical disability also increased the risk of depression. Aneurysmal SAH and infarction may be related to depression as well. Depression reduces the quality of life and life satisfaction in patients after SAH. Conclusions Depression is common after SAH and seems to persist. Further research is needed to clarify its time course and identify the neuroendocrine and neurochemical factors and brain circuits associated with the development of post-SAH depression. Randomized controlled treatment trials targeting SAH-related depression are warranted.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Xu, Houjuan,Xu, Xiaoxue,Wang, Yu-Jun,Bajpai, Vivek K.,Huang, Lisha,Chen, Yongfang,Baek, Kwang-Hyun The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity, secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth, conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity, there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

Equiatomic, Cu‐Containing CrCuFeTiV 3d Transition Metal High Entropy Alloy with an Enhanced Strength and Hardness Synergy

Jiaojiao Yi,Lin Yang,Lu Wang,Mingqin Xu,Lisha Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.1

A novel 3d transition metal high entropy alloy (TM HEA), CrCuFeTiV, was fabricated by arc-melting under a vacuum condition. Its phase component, microstructure, and compressive properties in the as-cast and annealed conditions were carefullyinvestigated. The experimental results showed that the alloys in both conditions consist of one BCC phase (CrV/FeTi-richregions), one FCC phase (Cu-rich), and one hexagonal Laves phase (Cr2Ti). It is suggested that the CrV-rich BCC phasepreferentially separates as dendritic centers. Subsequently, the Cr2Ti Laves phase and the FeTi-rich BCC phase solidify as adendritic outer layer. Finally, the FCC Cu-rich phase is squashed into the remaining interdendritic regions. Besides, the yieldstrength, ultimate strength, and hardness of the as-cast CrCuFeTiV alloy are 1686 MPa, 2205 MPa, and 624 HV, while thosefor the annealed alloy are 1510 MPa, 2035 MPa, and 618 HV, respectively. The obtained values are the highest among thetabulated fve-principle equiatomic Cu-containing 3d TM HEAs. The promising strength-hardness synergy of CrCuFeTiValloy is likely originated from the majority constitution of the BCC phase and Cr2Ti Laves phase.

The Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signal Transduction Pathways in Alternaria Species

Houjuan Xu,Xiaoxue Xu,Yujun Wang,비벡바지파이,Lisha Huang,Yongfang Chen,백광현 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are conserved signaling modules in the eukaryotic cells. They are involved in many major cell processes in fungi such as stress responses, vegetative growth, pathogenicity,secondary metabolism and cell wall integrity. In this review, we summarized the advances of research on the MAPK signaling pathways in Alternaria species. As major phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria species reduce crop production. In contrast to the five MAPK pathways known in yeast, only three MAPK pathways as Fus3/Kss1-type, Hog1-type, and Slt2-type have been characterized in Alternaria. The Fus3/Kss1-type MAPK pathway participates in regulation of vegetative growth,conidiation, production of some cell-wall-degrading enzymes and pathogenicity. The Hog1-type pathway is involved in osmotic and oxidative stress, fungicides susceptibility and pathogenicity. The Slt2-type MAP kinases play an important role on maintaining cell wall integrity, pathogenicity and conidiation. Although recent advances on the MAPK pathways in Alternaria spp. reveal many important features on the pathogenicity,there are many unsolved problems regarding to the unknown MAP kinase cascade components and network among other major signal transduction. Considering the economic loss induced by Alternaria spp., more researches on the MAPK pathways will need to control the Alternaria diseases.

Effect of Different Varieties, Processing Methods, Harvesting Times, and Storage Periods on the Quality of Maca

Tingting Xu,Xiaoya Chen,Xiuming Cui,Chengxiao Wang,Lisha Qiu 한국원예학회 2023 원예과학기술지 Vol.41 No.4

Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae), has been the subject of much research due to its unique biological activity. Maca is widely distributed in Yunnan Province, China, but is not well recognized in the market. In this study, through a chemical analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and principal component analysis (PCA), the nutritional and bioactive components of different varieties, processing methods, harvesting times, and storage periods of maca were determined and analyzed. The results indicated that whole maca when dried at 35°C, harvested around the winter solstice and planted at an altitude of about 3,000 meters was favorable for the production of nutrients and bioactive components. Compared to black maca, yellow maca had higher levels of glucosinolates, flavonoids, alkaloids and macamides. In addition, a shorter storage period (less than one year) of maca leads to a higher content of bioactive components. The findings here provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and origin processing of maca

Statistical Analysis of Dry Sliding Wear Process Parameters for AZ91 Alloy Processed by RD-ECAP Using Response Surface Methodology

Bassiouny Saleh,Jinghua Jiang,Qiong Xu,Reham Fathi,Aibin Ma,Yuhua Li,Lisha Wang 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.8

The main objective of this paper is to study the influence of wear testing parameters on the weight loss of AZ91 magnesiumalloy which was developed via rotary die-equal channel angular pressing (RD-ECAP) method through the different numberof passes. The AZ91 sample was pressed up to 16 passes in order to decrease the grain size to 10 μm. After RD-ECAP processing,significant grain refinement was found, which yielded a refined grain size after 16 passes and enhanced mechanicalproperties and wear resistance. Dry sliding wear experiments with a ball on disc apparatus at room temperature were conducted,following RD-ECAP processing. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize and compare thewear resistance of the RD-ECAP alloy and the as-received alloy. Analysis of the wear mechanism and the worn surfaces ofAZ91 samples was performed using scanning electron microscope. RSM analysis showed that increased applied load, slidingspeed and sliding time in all cases decreased wear resistance. On the other side, wear resistance in AZ91 magnesium alloywas improved by the increase in the number of passes of RD-ECAP. The three empirical models were validated by conductingconfirmation tests and certified that the proven empirical wear models are reliable for wear applications as a predictive tool.