개혁개방 이전 중국 면방직산업정책 연구

손령령(Ling-Ling Sun),서문석(Moon-Seok Seo) 한국무역연구원 2021 무역연구 Vol.17 No.1

the reform and open-door era in 1976. In the process;it was possible to confirm the historical background of the cotton textile industry of China which is Korea’s largest trading partner. Design/Methodology/Approach We identified government organizations related to China’s cotton industry;distinguished policy timing;and analyzed the impact. Data released by government agencies and edited by people belonging to government agencies were collected. Findings We learned that China’s cotton industry policies can be divided into five periods from the establishment of a New China to the reform and open-door era in 1976. The first period was the formation of the planned economy(1949~1952);the second period was the first five-year planning period(1953~1957);the third was the Great Leap Forward period(1958~1960);the fourth was the adjustment period(1961~1965);and the fifth was the Cultural Revolution period(1966~1976). The cotton industry policies implemented by the Chinese government can be divided into those which focused on the management system operation;raw material procurement;and production management. Through these policies;the central government was able to solve the difficulties faced;and it also had a positive effect on achieving the goals of the planned economy. Research Implications These industrial policies of the Chinese government retreated significantly during the period of the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution;but have nevertheless developed through continuous improvement. As a result;the policies became the basis for the development of the cotton industry after the reform and open-door era in 1976.

Molecular cloning of the duck MEF2C gene cDNA coding domain sequence and its expression during fetal muscle tissue development

Ling-Li Sun,He-he Liu,Hao-han Wang,Jian-Ming Si,Hai-bo Jin,Xin-xin Li,Chao Yang,Liang Li,Jiwen Wang 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.3

Myogenic enhancer transcription factor 2c (MEF2c), one of the members of the MEF2 family of transcription factors, plays an important role in mammalian muscle development. However, the role of MEF2c in avian muscle development still remains unclear. To understand the function of MEF2c in avian muscle development, we first cloned the duck MEF2c coding domain sequence (CDS) and analyzed MEF2c expression in duck muscle tissues of embryos from 10 days of incubation to 1 week after birth using real-time PCR technology. The results showed that the duck MEF2c CDS consists of 1,398nucleotides that encode 465 amino acids. The MEF2c duck protein contains a MADS domain, a MEF2 domain and a HJURP_C domain with high homology to related proteins in other organisms. Different expression levels of MEF2c were found in skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. Therefore, these results indicated that duck MEF2c has two conserved domains (a MADS and a MEF2 domain), is an indispensable regulator of muscle development, and plays an important role in the development of duck muscle.

AZD1480 Can Inhibit the Biological Behavior of Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells in vitro

Sun, Zhao-Ling,Tang, Ya-Juan,Wu, Wei-Guang,Xing, Jun,He, Yan-Fang,Xin, De-Mei,Yu, Yan-Li,Yang, Yang,Han, Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.8

Objective: To study the mechanism of effects of AZD1480 on the SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. Methods: The MTT method was used to assess cellular proliferation, flow cytometry for cellular apoptosis, the scratch test to determine migration, transwell chamber assays to detect cellular invasion, plate clone experiments to detect the clone forming ability and Western blotting to determine p-STAT3 protein levels. Results: The proliferation rate, migration ability, invasiveness and the clone forming ability of SKOV3 cells were reduced after treatment with AZD1480, while apoptosis rate and chemotherapeutic susceptibility were increased. After treatment with AZD1480 plus cisplatin, the apoptosis rate increased significantly while the expression level of p-STAT3 protein was decreased. Conclusion: AZD1480 can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and clone formation of SKOV3 cells, induce cellulsar apoptosis, increase the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and reduce the expression level of p-STAT3 protein.

The Estimation and Management of Foreign Exchange Risks of Hubei Expert Industries

Sun Ling 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2009 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 학술대회 Vol.2009 No.10

Compared with coastal areas, the location of Hubei Province is not competitive, which restricts expansion fo its foreign trade especially under financial crises, these export industries are facing severe foreign exchange risks for the appreciation of RMB,This paper select 33 exporters in main industries of Hubei province, and estimates their foreign exchange risks empirically by export costs form 2007 to 2008. And finally this paper put forwards countermeasures to conquer those foreign exchange risks. Firstly this paper introduces the hypothesis and model of foreign exchange risks estimation. Secondly it calculates the changes of Foreign Exchange risks in terms of export costs of different export industries and their impacts, most of our exports can hardly undertake current quotation of RMB, which can be discovered form the estimated interval data. If this problem remains unsolved, they could hardly serve the hardship. Thirdly, it puts forwards appropriate management measures to control and off set the Foreign Exchange risks of different industries from aspects of firms government, administrations bank and help the Hubei Exporters maintain their sustainable developments.

Acute kidney injury in hospitalized adults with chronic kidney disease: comparing cROCK, KDIGO, and combined criteria

Ling Sun,Xue Hua Rui,Yu Wu,Lu Xi Zou 대한신장학회 2023 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.42 No.5

Background: Acute-on-chronic kidney disease (ACKD) increases the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the ability of a novel criteria of reference change value of the serum creatinine optimized criteria for acute kidney injury in CKD (cROCK) to detect ACKD patients. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with a 3-year follow-up. All included patients with CKD stage 3 were evaluated using cROCK, Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), and their combined criteria. The renal composite endpoints, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and all-cause mortality were recorded as clinical outcomes. Results: A total of 812 patients was enrolled. The cROCK criteria detected more ACKD events than did the KDIGO (68.0% vs. 59.5%, p < 0.001). Compared to KDIGO (−) & cROCK (−) group, ACKD patients diagnosed by cROCK had significantly higher hazard ratio [HR] for renal composite endpoints (HR, 3.591; p < 0.001), MACEs (HR, 1.748; p < 0.001), and all-cause mortality (HR, 2.985; p < 0.001). The patients in KDIGO (+) & cROCK (+) group had the lowest survival probability when considering renal composite endpoints, MACEs, and all-cause mortality (all p < 0.001). Furthermore, cROCK resulted in the largest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for predicting renal composite endpoints, and the combined criteria led to the largest AUC for predicting MACEs and allcause mortality. Conclusion: Compared to the KDIGO, the cROCK detected more ACKD events. Combining both cROCK and KDIGO criteria might improve the predictive ability for long-term outcomes in ACKD patients.

Foreign Equity Investors and Momentum Profits: Evidence from Korea

( Ling Xia Sun ) 한국금융학회 2016 금융연구 Vol.30 No.1

This paper examines the trading behavior of foreigner equity investors and its impact on momentum profits. The Korean stock market makes a good setting for this study because of its openness to foreign investors and the availability of a rich dataset that records foreignners’ holdings and trading of each individual stock on a daily basis. Following Grinblatt and Keloharju (2000)’s methodologies, we find strong evidence of positive feedback trading by foreign investors for the period of 1999~2014. We also find that momentum profits are more pronounced among stocks that undergo bigger increases of foreigners’ holdings. In addition, the big magnitude of momentum profits conditional on increases of foreigners’ holdings is not affected by stocks’ attributes, such as market capitalization, book-to-market ratio, beta, and turnover ratio. In our robustness checks, we construct momentum portfolios based on firm-specific returns and also observe significant firm-specific momentum profits for those stocks incurring increases in foreigners’ holdings. Finally, we offer both risk- and behavior- based interpretations for our findings.

Research of Shanghai Cruise Industry Chain Distribution of Benefits

Ling Sun,Li Tang,Xiao-di Bao,Wei Liu 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.10

Based on the Shanghai cruise industry research, this cruise industry chain has problems with balance. Game theory was used and imbalance mainly due to lack of shipbuilding enterprises and proprietary cruises, and also because foreign cruise companies dominate Shanghai cruise industry chain. Learning from the successful experience of foreign cruise homeports’ development, the paper considers transferring the chain’s dominant right to the port enterprise gradually. Using Shapley Model to solve benefits distribution of cruise industry chain dominated by port companies. The profits distribution ratio of cruise companies, port companies and service supporting enterprises is13/48:47/96:23/96. Nash Model was also used to study the benefits distribution of industry chain whose member companies are equal. Modeling results show that Shapley Model corresponds with the requirements of benefit maximization. Finally, a validation analysis was done and proved that only the cruise industry chain leaded by homeport that can maximize the economic benefits.

Sub Len Production Report: Short Animation Food

Sun Ling,Takhoon Kim 중앙대학교 영상콘텐츠융합연구소 2018 TechArt :Journal of Arts and Imaging Science Vol.5 No.2

A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

Sun, Chang-Qing,Chang, Yu-Bo,Cui, Ling-Ling,Chen, Jia-Jun,Sun, Nan,Zhang, Wei-Jie,Jia, Xiao-Can,Tian, Yuan,Dai, Li-Ping Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Although certain dietary factors and lifestyles have been suggested to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, there have been few investigations focusing on rural areas. A case-control study was therefore carried out to investigate the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) in rural areas of Linzhou. A total of 470 newly diagnosed cases of GCC and 470 healthy controls were included. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a uniform questionnaire containing questions on demographics, per capita income, living habits, dietary habits and family history of tumors. The relationship between putative risk factors and GCC was assessed by odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) derived from conditional logistic regression model by the COXREG command using SPSS 12.00. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate simultaneously the effects of multiple factors and other potential confounding factors. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that smoking (OR=1.939, 95%CI:1.097-3.426), alcohol drinking (OR=2.360, 95%CI: 1.292-4.311), hot food consumption (OR=2.034, 95%CI: 1.507-2.745), fast eating (OR=1.616, 95%CI: 1.171-2.230), mouldy food (OR=4.564, 95%CI: 2.682-7.767), leftover food (OR=1.881. 95%CI: 1.324-2.671), and family history of tumor (OR=2.831, 95%CI: 1.588-5.050) were risk factors for GCC. High per capita income (OR=0.709, 95%CI: 0.533-0.942), high education level (OR=0.354, 95%CI: 0.163-0.765), consumption of fresh fruits (OR=0.186, 95%CI: 0.111-0.311) and vegetables (OR=0.243, 95%CI: 0.142-0.415), and high BMI (OR=0.367, 95%CI: 0.242-0.557) were protective factors for GCC. Our data indicate that unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits might be important contributors to GCC in this population.

조건부 변동성과 상관관계 전이모델을 이용한 산업별 주가동조화 현상연구

( Xia Sun Ling ),김명현 ( Myeong Hyeon Kim ) 한국금융학회 2015 금융연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 논문은 글로벌 중요지수와 12개의 국내 산업별 포트폴리오의 상관관계 전이효과를 Dynamic Conditional Correlation(DCC) 모델과 비대칭성을 고려한 Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation (ADCC) 모델을 사용하여 분석한다. 2008년 금융위기와 2010년 유럽위기에 방점을 두고 국내 주식시장에 중요한 영향을 미치는 미국, 일본, 유럽과 중국 시장의 대표지수를 활용해 글로벌 대표지수들로부터 산업별 포트폴리오에 전이되는 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 종합지수(Index)를 활용한 선행연구의 결과와 부합하게, 산업레벨의 지수에서도 위기시 상관관계의 증가를 확인할 수가 있었다. 또한, 시간가변 상관계수의 산업간 변이의 결정요인을 탐구하고자 기업변수들을 활용한 패널회귀 식을 통해, 국내 산업포트폴리오의 각국 마켓지수와의 조건부 상관계수를 설명하는 요인이 다르며, 국내 산업의 각국의 상관계수 변이에 대한 반응이 다르게 나타남을 밝혀냈다. This paper examines how the outside markets` shocks are propagated to the Korean sectors by employing the Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and the Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation (ADCC) methodologies. Our special interests are paid on the recent two crisis periods, namely, the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and the 2010 European Sovereign Debt Crisis. For this purpose, we focus on the 4 market indices outside of Korea, i.e., S&P500, STOXX Europe 600, TOPIX,and Shanghai Stock Exchange A-share Index, which are widely used to present for the overall stock markets of America, Europe, Japan, and China. To construct the Korean sector indices, we follow the Fama and French`s classification of the 12 industries that are based on the 4-digit SIC codes. The 12 industries are consumer nondurables, consumer durables, manufacturing, oil, gas, and coal extraction and products, chemicals and allied products, business equipment, telephone and television transmission, utilities, whole sale, retail, and some services (shops), healthcare, medical equipment, and drugs, finance and Other. Our main findings based on the DCC and ADCC methodologies are summarized as follows. The first finding is that we have verified the stylized fact that conditional correlations between the market indices tend to increase during the crisis periods. This finding has been confirmed by the sectoral conditional correlations and also by the panel regression results. Our second finding is that conditional correlation dynamics exhibit significant differences among country-level indices, among sector-level indices, as well as between the two crises. Specifically, the Korean sectors` conditional correlations with the American S&P 500 index capture the well-known financial crisis stories such as the Lehman Brothers collapse however, the Korean sectors` conditional correlations with the STOXX Europe 600 index and the Japanese TOPIX show some puzzling patterns. To be specific, the Korean sectors` conditional correlations with the STOXX Europe 600 and the TOPIX keep decreasing after the Lehman Brothers shock. This pattern to some extent may contradict to the argument that the financial crisis has been a global common factor. In addition, variations among sectoral conditional correlations differ significantly. Variations among sectoral conditional correlations with the American and Chinese indices are larger than those with the European and Japanese during both crisis periods. Also, the absolute magnitude of the conditional correlations with the TOPIX is the largest during both crises. We further investigate the determinants of the sector-level correlations by conducting a panel regression analysis. Specifically, we associate the sector-level correlations with the crisis dummies and several sectorlevel corporate finance variables. Our finding is that crisis dummies and industry-specific variables, such as Tobin`s Q, PPE, Debt ratio, and ROAare significantly associated with the magnitude of conditional correlations. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to examine the determinants that drive a positive co-movement among conditional correlations during the crisis periods by analyzing the Korean sector-level data. Our findings thus contribute to the existing literature by figuring out what microdeterminants drive co-movement among the sector-level correlations and by associating the conditional correlations dynamics with the corporate investment and financing activities.