A Study on China’s Energy Policy : Focusing on Sustainable Development and Environment Protection

Liekai Bi,Hae Jo Chung(정해조) 동북아시아문화학회 2015 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2015 No.11

An Empirical Analysis on China’s Energy Sector Investments

( Liekai Bi ),( Hae Jo Chung ) 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2021 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.5 No.1

Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the energy sector has been growing for more than 70 years. During the process of industrialization and urbanization, China’s energy sector experienced numerous changes. As the energy sector has been increasingly affecting China’s economic structure, scholars at home and abroad have been constantly working on issues related it. Among them, one of the most important topics is related to investment in the energy sector. It is universally acknowledged that investment plays a fairly important role in improving the development an industry, including the energy sector. In order to analyze the characteristics of China’s investment in its energy sector from both regional and industrial dimensions, an overview of China’s energy sector was conducted and a few factors that could influence its development based on a literature review approach were analyzed. Additionally, an empirical analysis on China’s energy sector investment structure from 2004-2017 using entropy statistics was conducted. Entropy analysis of energy sector investment was performed in both the industrial dimension and the provincial dimension, aiming at providing a scene of energy investment allocation. Based on the entropy analysis of China’s energy sector investment during the period of 2004-2017, a discussion is presented on several factors that have influenced changes in China’s energy investments’ structure such as energy price, environmental regulation, resource endowment, and regional economic development situation. The findings point to 3 different kinds of energy investment portfolios in China, which are resource-based type, economy-based type and mix type. In addition, the energy investment portfolios of each type are affected by different factors in some way.

A Study on Qingdao’s Marine Economy: Focused on the Industrial Competitiveness

Liekai Bi,정해조 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2020 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.4 No.1

The 21st century is the Century of the Ocean. As a resourceful trove for human society’s sustainable development, the ocean has been playing an important role for many coastal countries and regions on marine economic development. Nowadays, an increasing number of coastal countries and regions have been paying more attention to the development and utilization of marine resources and space, and marine high-tech industries in order to earn more shares in the international competition for marine resources and development. Recently, Marine economy has been playing a more important role in regional economic growth and social culture’s integrative development. Since the proposal of the 12th five-year plan from the state council, which adheres to the coordinated development of both land and sea, the outline of China’s marine economic development has been boosted vigorously in Qingdao after the approval of Shandong Peninsula Blue Economy Zone Development Plan.Based on the superiority industry theory and China’s marine economic researches, this paper makes comprehensive use of literature analysis, qualitative and quantitative analysis to discuss the current situation and characteristics of Qingdao’s marine economy and the tendencies of its marine industrial development. It then summarizes the role of the competitive industries in the development of Qingdao’s marine economic development. Lastly, this paper gives some constructive advice based on the policy-making perspectives from three dimensions which are the primary industry, the secondary industry and the tertiary industry.

A Study on China"s Energy Policy

Bi, Liekai(필엽개),Chung, Hae Jo(정해조) 동북아시아문화학회 2016 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.46

China’s energy industry has developed very well in the past 50 years following the establishment of new economic policies. With the evolution of China’s energy policy, there have also been tremendous problems that are worthy of research. Along with the reinforcement of the status of China’s energy industry over these years, there have been several studies on the history of the development of China’s energy industry. However, while most of them have emphasized the development and construction of the energy industry, research that focuses on the relations between energy and environment and sustainable development is still lacking. This paper focuses on this innovative topic, which has gained much attention recently, and discusses the relations between energy policy and sustainable development and environment protection. In addition, it provides some constructive advice that will contribute to future energy policymaking based on environment protection and sustainable development. The general trend of China’s energy policy development will be focused on renewable energy. However, at the same time, China will still make efforts to make fossil fuels cleaner because China cannot get rid of them owing to the high-speed development of its economy. Coal is irreplaceable in the next few decades, if China wants to maintain its leading position in the world according to economic growth rate. Thus, in the last chapter, I gave some recommendations that China should develop the relative LCE dominated by coal and complete energy market mechanisms, increase green energy consumption. Despite strong political and financial commitments to energy-efficiency improvement by the government, several issues are still present in China indicating that the country needs to develop more effective policy mechanisms and sufficient institutional capacity necessary to create long-lasting impacts on energy-efficiency investments.

A Study on Ancient China’s Marine Values - Focused on Zheng He’s Case

Liekai Bi(필엽개),Chung, Hae Jo(정해조) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.62

This paper attempts to analyze China"s marine consciousness, especially focused on Zheng He’s case. As conclusion, this paper intends to reveal the implications for China"s contemporary maritime power construction as well as how the maritime consciousness affects China’s 21st-century Maritime Silk Road’s construction. A peaceful, inclusive, open and harmonious characteristic of ancient China’s marine values is reflected in Zheng He’s expeditions. One of the purposes of Zheng He’s expeditions was to maintain a peaceful international order. Emperor Yongle intended to profit people all around the world through Zheng He"s voyage by promoting China"s prestige and helping other countries. Zheng He tried to establish friendly relations with other countries based on the principle of no invasions to other countries" territory. It also delivered a message that China respected other countries’ sovereignty and autonomy. Western countries" sea power was achieved by colonization and deprivation, which was ruthless and brutal. However, Zheng He aimed to promote economic and cultural exchanges in a peaceful way with other countries. Therefore, many countries voluntarily applied to join China’s tribute system. This reflected the peaceful characteristic of ancient China’s marine values and helped China achieve the mutual cooperation with other countries under the Characteristic of its marine values. A summary of ancient China’s marine values through the analysis of Zheng He’s expeditions can be helpful to modern China’s maritime power’s build-up. On the process of pursuing the sovereignty over the ocean, it is necessary to cooperate with foreign countries. As the increasing complex of globalization and cooperation among countries around the world, it is inevitable to cooperate with other countries in terms of developing the oceans. Monopolization, on the other hand, does not seem a very smart way of enhancing one country’s maritime power on the contemporary world.

Energy Cooperation Between China and South Korea in the Context of “Carbon Neutrality”: A Focus on New and Renewable Energy

Liekai Bi,정해조 부경대학교 글로벌지역학연구소 2023 Journal of Global and Area Studies(JGA) Vol.7 No.2

Energy cooperation addresses to several issues such as optimization of the energy mix, economic stimulation, and industrial growth for the countries involved. International energy cooperation is expected to increase in the context of “carbon neutrality.” Before the twenty-first century, cooperation over fossil fuel energy, which had played a predominant role in the energy mix worldwide, had been the most widespread, especially between energy exporters and importers. However, in the context of “carbon neutrality”, as the importance of renewable energy grows, more innovative cooperation patterns between countries are expected to appear. As highly developed industrial countries, China and South Korea have special links of regional economic contacts and inter-regional economic relationships. It is important to analyze the energy cooperation between China and South Korea to facilitate the regional integration and secure mutual benefits for both countries. This paper concludes that China and South Korea exemplify a non-linear competitive and cooperative relationship in the field of clean energy, and it is significant for both countries to work together concerning mechanism innovation, technology innovation, competition management, and regional cohesion in the future.