Ionic liquid extraction of silkworm pupa protein and its biological characteristics

Zeng Qing-Lei,Zhang Ning,Zhang Yue-Yue,Xin Xiang-Dong,Attaribo Thomas,Shao Ying,Tang Liu-Mei,Zhang Ran,이광식,진병래,Gui Zhongzheng 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.1

Silkworm (Bombyx mori) pupa protein (SPP) is a high-quality source of animal protein with substantial nutri tional benefits and health value. To develop an efficient extraction method for SPP that is environmentally friendly, we selected choline hydroxide ionic liquid (CH-IL) as the extraction solvent and performed orthogonal experiments to optimize the extraction conditions. We demonstrated that 3% CH-IL, a solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) of 1:30, an extraction temperature of 40 ◦ C, and an extraction time of 1 h facilitated the most efficient extraction. Compared to the conventional alkali solubilization–acid precipitation method, the CH-IL extraction increased protein content by 12.14%. Protein structure analysis showed that the β-sheet content increased by 10.98% and that of disulfide bonds reduced by 16.4%. The processing properties of the CH-IL extracted protein showed that the solubility, emulsification, and foaming capacity were enhanced by 82.87%, 15.44%, and 18.97%, respec tively. The physical properties of SPP remarkably improved relative to the increased stretching of the poly peptide chains. The findings of this study provide technical knowledge that will enhance the processing performance of pupal proteins.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Associated with Viral Persistence and Downregulation of TCR ζ Chain Expression on CD8⁺ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Zeng, Qing-Lei,Yang, Bin,Sun, Hong-Qi,Feng, Guo-Hua,Jin, Lei,Zou, Zheng-Sheng,Zhang, Zheng,Zhang, Ji-Yuan,Wang, Fu-Sheng Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.1

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in impairing the function of T cells. We characterized MDSCs in two chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cohorts: a cross-sectional group that included 61 treatment-naive patients with CHC, 14 rapid virologic response (RVR) cases and 22 early virologic response (EVR) cases; and a longitudinal group of 13 cases of RVR and 10 cases of EVR after pegylated-interferon-${\alpha}$/ribavirin treatment for genotype 1b HCV infection. Liver samples from 32 CHC patients and six healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. MDSCs frequency in treatment-naive CHC was significantly higher than in RVR, EVR, or healthy subjects and was positively correlated with HCV RNA. Patients infected with HCV genotype 2a had a significantly higher frequency of MDSCs than those infected with genotype 1b. Decreased T cell receptor (TCR) ${\zeta}$ expression on $CD8^+$ T cells was significantly associated with an increased frequency of MDSCs in treatment-naive CHC patients and was restored by L-arginine treatment in vitro. Increased numbers of liver arginase-$1^+$ cells were closely associated with the histological activity index in CHC. The TCR ${\zeta}$ chain was significantly downregulated on hepatic $CD8^+$ T cells in CHC. During antiviral follow up, MDSCs frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was directly correlated with the HCV RNA load in the plasma and inversely correlated with TCR ${\zeta}$ chain expression in $CD8^+$ T cells in both RVR and EVR cases. Notably, the RVR group had a higher frequency of MDSCs at baseline than the EVR group. Collectively, this study provides evidence that MDSCs might be associated with HCV persistence and downregulation of CD8 ${\zeta}$ chain expression.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Are Associated with Viral Persistence and Downregulation of TCRζ Chain Expression on CD8+ T Cells in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients

Qing-Lei Zeng,Bin Yang,Hong-Qi Sun,Guo-Hua Feng,Lei Jin,Zheng-Sheng Zou,Zheng Zhang,Ji-Yuan Zhang,Fu-Sheng Wang 한국분자세포생물학회 2014 Molecules and cells Vol.37 No.1

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in impairing the function of T cells. We characterized MDSCs in two chronic hepatitis C (CHC) cohorts: a cross-sectional group that included 61 treatment-naive patients with CHC, 14 rapid virologic response (RVR) cases and 22 early virologic response (EVR) cases; and a longitudinal group of 13 cases of RVR and 10 cases of EVR after pegylated-interferon-α/ribavirin treatment for genotype 1b HCV infection. Liver samples from 32 CHC patients and six healthy controls were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. MDSCs frequency in treatmentnaive CHC was significantly higher than in RVR, EVR, or healthy subjects and was positively correlated with HCV RNA. Patients infected with HCV genotype 2a had a significantly higher frequency of MDSCs than those infected with genotype 1b. Decreased T cell receptor (TCR) ζ expression on CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with an increased frequency of MDSCs in treatment-naive CHC patients and was restored by L-arginine treatment in vitro. Increased numbers of liver arginase-1+ cells were closely associated with the histological activity index in CHC. The TCR ζ chain was significantly downregulated on hepatic CD8+ T cells in CHC. During antiviral follow up, MDSCs frequency in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was directly correlated with the HCV RNA load in the plasma and inversely correlated with TCR ζ chain expression in CD8+ T cells in both RVR and EVR cases. Notably, the RVR group had a higher frequency of MDSCs at baseline than the EVR group. Collectively, this study provides evidence that MDSCs might be associated with HCV persistence and downregulation of CD8 ζ chain expression.

秦漢白色神秘象徵意義試析

曾磊(Zeng, Lei) 중국고중세사학회 2017 중국고중세사연구 Vol.43 No.-

색깔은 본래 일종의 객관적으로 존재하는 광학 현상이다. 자연계에 존재하는 색깔은 인간의 시각 계통의 처리를 거쳐 우리의 눈앞에 존재한다. 인간은 색깔에 대해 언어로 묘사하면서 색깔 관련 용어를 만들어 내었다. 인간은 각자의 문화 환경 속에서 색깔에 대한 자신만의 서로 다른 문화적 함의를 부여하며 살아왔다. 오늘날에 이르기까지 색깔은 자연히 서로 다른 국가와 문화 집단의 뚜렷한 표지이다. 중국 고대사회에서 사물에 대한 색깔은 오늘날 우리의 상상을 뛰어 넘을 정도로 중시되었다. 이런 색깔에 대한 중시는 商周 시대부터 매우 뚜렷하게 나타났고, 진한시기 보다 분명하게 드러나게 되었다. 색깔은 단시 표상이며, 그 배후에 존재하는 사상의 원류는 훨씬 오래되었고 그 영향 역시 매우 심원하다. 이러한 색깔로 표징된 사상 관념의 연구를 통해 우리는 진한시대 사회 풍모의 인식을 알 수 있고, 진한시대 사람들의 정신세계와 심리 특질을 더욱 깊이 이해할 수 있다. 이렇게 색깔을 중시하는 思想의 근원과 거기에 반영된 고대인의 사유 체계의 특색은 연구자들이 밝혀야 할 과제로 남아있다. 白色의 상징 의미는 대체로 세 가지로서, 바로 光ㆍ纯洁ㆍ朴素이다. 각종 상징 의미는 상호 관련이 있는데, 우리가 각종 상징 의미가 출현한 선후 관계를 명확하게 파악하기는 매우 어렵다. 백색의 신비적 상징 의미는 순결에서 연유하여 시작되었다. 백색은 희고 깨끗한 신성을 상징하며 백색 희생 제물은 제사 계통 중에서 중요한 지위를 차지하였다. 진한시대 사람들이 색깔을 사용하는 습속에 근거하여 살펴볼 때 진한시대 사람들의 신비 신앙 중 백색은 항상 어떤 신성한 색채를 지니고 있었음을 알 수 있다. 물론 백색 희생 제사나 백색 자연물은 제사의 대상이 되었는데, 여기서 백색 본연의 문화 함의를 분명하게 생각해 볼 수 있다. 백색은 늘 신령의 발현과 관계되었고, 이 때문에 신비한 기능을 보유하고 있었다. 어떤 경우에는 백색의 신비한 마력이 방대한 의미로 각인되기도 하였다. 고대인의 백색 祥瑞과 백색 재이에 대한 인식은 ‘天人合一’ 이론 체계의 영향을 받은 것으로, 사람과 자연의 상호 감응에 기초한다. 백색 동물은 드물기 때문에 白色 祥瑞이 되었고, 白色은 祥瑞의 신비적 의미를 강화시켰다고 할 수 있다. 요컨대 白色 상징의 특징으로는 依附性, 多樣性, 對立性, 復合性 등이 있다.

Clinical Model for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Patients with Post-Sustained Virologic Responses of Chronic Hepatitis C: A Case Control Study

( Qing-lei Zeng ),( Bing Li ),( Xue-xiu Zhang ),( Yan Chen ),( Yan-ling Fu ),( Jun Lv ),( Yan-min Liu ),( Zu-jiang Yu ) 대한소화기학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.6

Background/Aims: No clinical model exists to predict the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in sustained virologic response-achieving (HCC after SVR) patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods: We performed a case-control study using a clinical database to research the risk factors for HCC after SVR. A predictive model based on risk factors was established, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: In the multivariate model, an initial diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis and post-SVR albumin reductions of 1 g/L were associated with 21.7-fold (95% CI, 4.2 to 112.3; p< 0.001) and 1.3-fold (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7; p=0.004) increases in the risk of HCC after SVR, respectively. A predictive model based on an initial diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis (yes, +1; no, 0) and post- SVR albumin ≤36.0 g/L (yes, +1; not, 0) predicted the occurrence of HCC after SVR with a cutoff value of >0, an AUC of 0.880, a sensitivity of 0.833, a specificity of 0.896, and a negative predictive value of 0.956. Conclusions: An initial diagnosis of compensated cirrhosis combined with a post-SVR albumin value of ≤36.0 g/L predicts the occurrence of HCC after SVR in patients with CHC. (Gut Liver 2016;10:955-961)

Steganalysis using Regional Correlation and Second-order Markov Features

Su Jinyang,Zeng Xianting,Wang Lei 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.1

A blind steganalysis based on regional correlation and second-order Markov transition probability matrix is proposed for JPEG images. By analyzing the region correlation of JPEG image, the Markov transition probability matrix is used to capture the correlation of intra-block and inter-block DCT coefficients. In addition, the calibrated features are extracted from the calibrated images. The difference features between the original and calibrated images are used for training and classifying. Three different image libraries are used to detect the five kinds of typical JPEG steganography schemes. Experimental results show that, in comparison to the several effective steganalysis, the proposed scheme improves the detection accuracy on some JPEG-based steganography schemes, including outguess, Steghide and MB1.

Response of a rocksalt crystal to electromagnetic wave modeled by a multiscale field theory

Lei, Yajie,Lee, James D.,Zeng, Xiaowei Techno-Press 2008 Interaction and multiscale mechanics Vol.1 No.4

In this work, a nano-size rocksalt crystal (magnesium oxide) is considered as a continuous collection of unit cells, while each unit cell consists of discrete atoms; and modeled by a multiscale concurrent atomic/continuum field theory. The response of the crystal to an electromagnetic (EM) wave is studied. Finite element analysis is performed by solving the governing equations of the multiscale theory. Due to the applied EM field, the inhomogeneous motions of discrete atoms in the polarizable crystal give rise to the change of microstructure and the polarization wave. The relation between the natural frequency of this system and the driving frequency of the applied EM field is found and discussed.

Reduction of Target Volume and the Corresponding Dose for the Tumor Regression Field after Induction Chemotherapy in Locoregionally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

Lei Wang,Zheng Wu,Dehuan Xie,Ruifang Zeng,Wanqin Cheng,Jiang Hu,Shaomin Huang,Shu Zhou,Rui Zhong,Yong Su 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2

Purpose This study aims to investigate the feasibility of contouring target volume according to residual tumor and decreasing the dose to the tumor regression field after induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and Methods From August 2009 to August 2013, patients with stage III–IVB NPC were treated with IC and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx)–residual and gross tumor volume of cervical lymph node (GTVnd)–residual were contoured according to post-IC residual primary tumor and any N+ disease, respectively. The tumor regression field was included in CTVnx1/CTVnd1 and prescribed a dose of 60 Gy. Outcomes and toxicities of all patients were evaluated. Results A total of 57 patients were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 68 months, three cases displayed locoregional recurrence and one case showed both distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence. All locoregional recurrences were in the GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual and in-field. The 5-year overall, locoregional relapse-free, distant metastasis-free, and progression- free survival rates were 82.2%, 87.7%, 85.8% and 80.3%, respectively. Conclusion After IC, contouring of GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual as residual tumor volume and distribution 60 Gy of radiation dose to the tumor regression field may be feasible and need further investigation.

Experimental Study of Local Micro-forming for Bi-HTS

ZENG Pan,LU Yong-jin,LEI Li-ping,QU Timing,FANG Gang 한국소성가공학회 2010 기타자료 Vol.2010 No.6

The Bi-HTS (BSCCO high temperature superconductor) tape now has become the product in an industrial way, which has been available to apply in electric and electron fields. The main way to manufacture Bi-HTS tape is to use the technique of oxide powder in silver tube (OPIT), which involves the multi-step drawing and rolling with plastic deformation, which obviously belongs to a type of the micro-forming in macro-scale processing. There are two main characteristics founded: (a) contact and friction between silver and BSCCO surfaces, (b) interface between two materials. A series of micro-tensile experiments of silver foil with thicknesses of 0.03, 0.06 and 0.1 mm are designed to investigate the behaviors of silver with various scale of sizes. And the surface topography measurements have been carried out to analyze the changes in surface topography. Based upon experiments, some topics are researched which are referred to inhomogeneous, local effect, size effect, grain and micro-structure affecting, surface roughness, long-distance sausage phenomenon. Further the local breakdown of silver by Bi-HTS powder during process is analyzed through failure criterion. The results of this work will bring out an important exploration value to the theory and computation of microforming.

A study on the failure mechanism and wear loss of impregnated diamond bits during machining process of armor ceramics

Lei Zheng,Hai-Xiang Huan,Yong Zeng,Shuquan Song,Shili Cheng,Chunwei Zhang 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.1

Thin-wall diamond core bits are usually recommended for the machining of relatively high-sized holes in engineering ceramics. However, during the machining process of engineering ceramics, the tools are usually considerably worn. In this work, the failure mechanism and wear loss of thin-wall impregnated diamond bits has been investigated experimentally during the machining process of Al 2 O 3 armor engineering ceramics. In summary, the failure reasons of the bits can be divided into three cases: Bit skidding, twisted fracture of the bit clamp holder and breakup of the sintering body. The overall wear process of the bits can be roughly divided into three stages: The rapid wear, the stable wear and the sharp wear. The machining duration per hole presents an approximately periodic variation with the number of cumulatively machined holes. Under the experimental conditions, both the bit wear rate and the drilling rate present an approximately periodic variation with the cumulative drilling depth, whereas the corresponding periodic characteristics are not the same. During the hole-machining process, the wear loss of the sintering diamond bits is mainly concentrated on the matrix crown of the bits, but the wear of the matrix binder and the diamond grits on the outer cylindrical surface of the sintering body is negligible.