단면 CT 영상을 이용한 무치악 하악 대구치부 잔존골의 형태 분석

이설미,허경회,이원진,허민석,이삼선,강태인,최순철 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2007 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.37 No.3

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic features of posterior edentulous mandible for Korean patients using cross-sectional CT images. Materials and Methods : Computed tomographic cross-sectional views taken in 2004 and 2005 at Seoul National University Dental Hospital were analyzed by an oral and maxillofacial radiologist. Four indices were measured to meet the purpose of this study: 1) the horizontal distance between the alveolar crest and mandibular canal (Type), 2) the angle of the mandibular long axis (Angle), 3) the bucco-lingual location of mandibular canal, and 4) the depth of the submandibular fossa. The averages and standard deviations of the measurements were compared according to the location (the first and second molar area) and sex of the patients. Results : Statistically significant difference was found in Type, Angle, and submandibular fossa depth between the first and second molar area (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between men and women in any of the measured indices. Most of the mandibular canals were located in lingual side of posterior mandible. Conclusion : More care should be taken when an implant is installed on the mandibular second molar area.

자동차 배기관의 비접촉 진동 측정

이종남,장강원,이신영 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

In this work, the vibration of an automobile exhaust system is measured by using a recently-developed magnetic sensor. The magnetic sensor is composed of a solenoid and two pairs of permanent magnets generating an antisymmetric magnetic field in the lateral direction inside the solenoid. Lateral movement of a ferromagnetic pipe inside the magnetic field of the suggested sensor induces an electromotive force in the solenoid corresponding to the lateral velocity of the pipe. Due to the simplicity and non-contact characteristics of the magnetic sensor, dynamic behaviors of the structures operating under high temperature such as an exhaust pipe can be efficiently observed. It is shown that the lateral vibration of the exhaust system can be successfully measured by the suggested sensors. The Campbell diagram of the exhaust system is plotted to examine the vibration characteristics of the exhaust system.

만경강 및 동진강 수계의 BOD에 의한 수질 평가

이종식,정구복,김진호,윤순강,김원일,신중두 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.2

새만금 유역의 수질관리를 위한 기초자료 확보를 목적으로 만경강 및 동진강 유역의 개황과 각 하천 본류의 수질에 미치는 지천들의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 2001년 6월부터 2002년 9월까지 동절기를 제외한 영농 기간동안 매월 1회 주요 지천들의 본류 유입 전·후의 BOD 변화를 조사한 하였다. 만경강 수계는 미처리된 축산폐수로 오염된 익산천 유입 후 BOD가 증가하였으며, 전 조사 기간동안 평균 5.4 mg/L이었다. 만경강 수질에 큰 영향을 주는 익산천은 왕궁천과 합류되기까지 평균 BOD는 5.4 mg/L로 만경강 본류의 평균 농도와 같은 수질을 보였으나 인근 축산단지로 부터의 축산폐수 유입으로 익산천 하류의 BOD는 평균 13.6 mg/L로 수질이 악화되었다. 동진강 수계는 조사기간 동안 평균 BOD가 2.8 mg/L로 만경강 보다 양호한 수질을 보였으며, 생활하수 및 공장폐수로 오염된 정읍천 유입으로 동진강 하류의 수질은 평균치 보다 다소 높은 3.5 mg/L을 나타냈다. 또한 만경강 및 동진강 수계의 연차별 수질은 2001년도에 비해 2002년도에 BOD가 다소 낮은 경향을 보였다. Biological oxygen demand (BOD) as a stream water quality indicator was monitored monthly in the Mankyeong and Dongjin river basins from June 2001 to October 2002 to evaluate water qualified as well as to get the information on the water quality management strategy in Semangeum reclamation areas. BOD in the Mankyeong river was 5.4 mg/L in average during the survey and increased after the inflow of Iksan tributary, which was contaminated with livestock wastewater. BOD of Iksan tributary was maintained at 5.4 mg/L before joining the Wanggung tributary, however, that in the downstream was increased to 13.6 mg/L in average due to the inlet of the livestock wastewater. Meanwhile, BOD of Dongjin river was the average of 2.8 mg/L during the survey periods but it showed 3.5 mg/L when Jungeup tributary which was contaminated with sewage and industrial wastewater joined into the main stream. BOD in both Mankyeong and Dongjin rivers decreased in 2002 as compared to that in 2001.

산모혈과 제대혈에서 연농도에 관한 조사

이덕희,문종국,배강우,이용환,김진하,박강원 大韓産業醫學會 1996 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.8 No.3

This study was conducted to evaluate the blood lead levels in 141 pregnant women who were not occupationally exposed to lead and their umbilical cord, and to identify some differences in blood lead levels by living area. The subjects were all delivered at St. Benedict Hospital in Pusan and the blood lead levels were measured by graphite furance atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The summarized results were as follows. 1. The geometric mean lead levels in maternal and cord blood were 8.0±1.8μg/dl, 5.0±0.6μg/dl respectively. 2. Lead levels in maternal(8.7±1.7μg/dl) and cord blood(5.4μ±0.7μg/dl) of industrial area(n=24) were higher than residential area(n=124) which were 7.9±1.7μg/dl and 5.0±0.6μg/dl respectively(p<0.05). 3. Maternal blood lead concentration was significantly correlated to cord blood lead concentration(r=0.6090, p<0.001), but other variables(maternal age, paternal smoking, birth weight, etc) were not correlated.

경제성을 고려한 자동차 부품공장에서의 재고관리시스템 개발

이강원,신용백 대한설비관리학회 2004 대한설비관리학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Many variables in corporate environment make it difficult to plan and set cost-effective safety inventory levels. This study proposes a new model for setting safety inventory levels; its model considers orders and inventory cost under the Two-Bin system and ABC inventory management in order to reduce costs and keep the due date. It applys its model to the traditional inventory management systems of automobile parts sub-manufacturers which is changed unpredictedly and frequently. They should meet two conditions to keep economic inventory levels and continuous supply inventory ones. This study revises the traditional concepts and techniques in the inventory management. The results provide traditional systems with cost reduction, less inventory and more flexibility.

우리나라 중부지방의 시설원에 토양 및 지하수 환경

김진호,이종식,김원일,정구복,윤순강,정연태,권순국 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.2

연구대상 시설재배지 토양의 물리성은 대부분이 모래의 비율이 높은 sandy loam이나 loam으로 투수성이 양호할 것으로 판단되나, P2나 S1에서는 미사의 비율이 높은 미사 loam으로 투수성 및 통기성이 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 판단된다. 토양의 화학성은 EC의 경우 표토의 대부분이 기준치에 도달하거나, 초과하는 경향이었고, 심토의 경우는 기준치 이하로 조사되었다. 또한 유기물 함량은 적정수준 2~3%보다 조사 대상 지점의 대부분에서 상회하였고, 심토의 일부분도 이 수준을 넘는 곳도 있었다. 조사 대상 지역의 수질 특성 중 시설재배지 지하수의 가장 중요한 염류 지표인 EC는 연평균 0.48 dS/m로 농업용수로서 작물에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 판단되나, 수질오염지표인 질산성 질소의 경우 19.1 mg/L 로 농업용수 수질 기준인 20 mg/L에 근접한 수준을 나타내었다. 특히 조사 대상 지점의 36.4%가 수질 기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 지하수중의 이온의 양과 영양염류의 양을 간접적으로 나타내는 전기전도도인 EC는 양이온인 경우 Mg^(2+), Ca^(2+), Na^+, K^+와 정의상관이 있었으며, 특히 2가 양이온인 Mg^(2+)와 Ca^(2+)간에는 고도의 정의상관을 보이고 있었다. 또한 EC와 음이온간에는 NO_3^-, Cl^-, SO_4^(2-), PO_4^(2-)와 상관을 보이고 있었다. 지하수의 오염지표인 NO_3-N의 경우에는 COD를 제외한 모든 이온들과 상관을 보이고 있었다. 특히 SO_4^(2-), Cl^-, Na^+, Ca^(2+), Mg^(2+)와는 고도의 정의 상관을 보여주고 있다. 이는 NO_3-N는 EC와 함께 지하수오염의 중요한 지표중의 하나임을 보여주고 있다. The objective of this study was to know the qualities of soil and shallow groundwater in plastic film house fields around Central Part of Korea. The study was conducted at 11 sites in Suweon, Hwasung, Pyungtaek, Yongin, and Chuncheon through May to August in 1999. Soil textures of plastic films house were mainly sandy loam or loam. Electric conductivity and organic matter content of surface soils mostly exceeded the critical levels for crop production. Average concentration of N0_3-N in the shallow groundwater was 19.1 mg/L, and it reached almost the limiting level of agricultural groundwater quality (20 mg/L). Moreover about 36% of survey sites exceeded the limiting level of agricultural groundwater quality. Sulfate concentrations also at some sites exceeded agricultural groundwater quality limit level (50 mg/L). Nitrate-N, one of the most important factors in the groundwater quality, had positive correlations with other ions in groundwater.

위상최적화를 이용한 트레일러의 경량설계

안서욱,이신영,윤민수,장강원 한국공작기계학회 2009 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.-

A new design for a lightweight flatbed trailer with high bending and torsional stiffness is presented by using an integrated CAE-based optimization procedure. The integrated design procedure consists of two main steps: topology optimization and thickness optimization. During topology optimization, a creative frame layout different from existing ladder-type frames can be obtained by searching the best layout out of all possible layouts of a simplified design domain model. After approximating the result of topology optimization as a thin-walled structure, the approximated thicknesses of the plates are optimized to minimize the mass of a trailer.

디지털 생산성 향상을 위한 웹 보안 미들웨어시스템 구현에 관한 연구

하태용,이강원,신용백 한국생산성학회 2003 生産性論集 Vol.17 No.1

The puropose of this paper is the materialization of web security middle wear system for the improvement of digital productivity in e-business. Tnternet changed e-business information epochally and contributed in digital productivity enlargement through easy access of resources. But, Internet have a weakness security, because it is offered through many unspecific access. For this reason, the web security problem solution play important role in the digital productivity elevation in e-business environment. The role of security system is prevent resources of system from user who is not permitted. In a recent, there is a case that use strong interception system such as a security firewall for the security, but there is a fair difficulty at introduction expense and operation. Specially, A wrong policy decision have influence on all network and it could be a major cause for reduction network. This study proposes security solution though the research about middle wear embodiment such as user certification and access control from the view point of individuation web system defense.

하수오니 시용토양에서 작물의 중금속 흡수이행에 미치는 석회의 영향

정구복,김원일,이종식,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.1

공단 하수오니의 농경지 유입에 따른 토양의 중금속 함량과 작물체로의 중금속 흡수이행에 미치는 석회시용 효과를 조사하였다. 공단하수오니 및 돈분퇴비를 각각 25, 50 Mg/ha 시용토양에 석회를 3 Mg/ha 처리하여 함량을 분석하였다. 시험후 토양의 중금속 함량은 공단하수오니에서 대조구(NPK 처리구) 및 돈분퇴비보다 높았으며, 특히 공단하수오니 50 Mg/ha 시용구에서는 구리, 아연, 니켈 및 크롬함량이 대조구와 비교하여 12∼48배 높은 농도를 보였다. 공단하수오니 시용으로알타리무로 흡수 이행된 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량은 증가하여 알타리무 엽중의 농도가 식물독성 피해농도를 초과하는 수준이였다. 공단하수오니 시용토양에서 석회시용으로 알타리무 엽과 뿌리중 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량은 크게 감량되었으며, 시험후 토양의 pH와 알타리무중 구리, 아연 및 니켈 함량과는 고도의 부의상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 석회시용이 중금속이 다량 함유된 하수오니 유입으로 인한 작물의 독성피해와 중금속 흡수 이행성을 경감시킬 수 있는 일시적인 개량방법으로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. The effect of lime on plant availability of heavy metals in soils amended with industrial sewage sludge (ISS) or pig manure compost (PMC) was investigated. A pot experiment with Altari radish (Raphanus sativus) was conducted. Industrial sewage sludge and pig manure compost were added at 25 and 50 Mg/ha, and lime was added at 3 Mg/ha. Heavy metal contents of ISS treated soils after experiment were higher than those in control (NPK plot) and PMC treatment. Specially, the contents of copper, zinc, nickel and chromium in the 50 Mg/ha of ISS treated soils were higher 12~48 times than those in control. Copper, zinc, and nickel contents in Altari radish leaves cultivated at the ISS treated soil exceeded the critical levels of plant toxicity. Copper, zinc, and nickel contents in Altari radish leaves and roots cultivated at the ISS treated soil were reduced by the addition of lime. Copper, zinc, and nickel contents in Altari radish leaves were negatively correlated with soil pH after experiment. It concluded that liming would reduce the uptake of heavy metals by plants and be a temporary method of reclamation at the highly heavy metal accumulated soils by ISS.

중부지역 과수원 토양중의 중금속 함량 평가

정구복,김원일,이종식,신중두,김진호,윤순강 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1

우리나라 중부지역에서 1998년 3∼5월에 과수원 토양 164지점(경기 48, 강원 36, 충북 36, 충남 44지점)을 대상으로 표토(0∼20 ㎝)와 심토(20∼40 ㎝)로 나누어 채취하여 토양내 중금 속함량과 분포특성, 총함량에 대한 침축액별 가용성 함량 비율 및 토양 이화학성과의 관계 를 비교 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 과수원 토양중 0.1 N-HCl 침출성 평균함량은 Cd 0.080, Cu 4.23. Pb 3.42 ㎎/㎏, 1 N-HCl 침출성 As 평규함량은 0.44 ㎎/㎏, 중금속 총함량 은 Zn 78.9, Ni 16.09 및 Hg 0.052 ㎎/㎏ 이었다. 과수원 토양내 중금속 평균함량은 우리 나 라 토양환경보전법의 토양오염 우려기준(Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/ ㎏)과 비교하여 1/25∼1/76.9 수준으로 안전하였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 Cd 5.4∼9.2, Cu 27.9∼47.8, Pb 12.6∼21.8, Zn 15.8∼20.3, Ni 5.3∼6.3, Cr 0.7∼3.6% 이었고, 특히 0.05 M-EDTA 침출성 CU 및 Pb의 침출비율이 상대적으로 높 게 나타났다. 토양내 Cd, Pb 및 Ni의 총함량은 모래함량과 부의상관, 미사와 점토함량과는 정의 상관을 보였다. 토양의 중금속 총함량에 대한 침출액별 가용성 함량비율은 점토함량과 는 부의 상관을 보였으며, Zn과 Ni의 함량비율은 토양 pH값, 유기물 및 유효인산 함량과 정 의 상관을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 볼 때 과수원 토양의 중금속 함량은 토양환경보전법의 토양오염기준보다 매우 낮아 안전하였으나 영농활동에 의한 영향으로 볼 수 있는 농도수준 이 검출된 일부 토양에서 조사되었다. 따라서 최근의 친환경농업 측면으로 볼 때 영농형태 별 중금속의 분포 및 농업자재에 의한 농경지내 중금속 부하량에 근거하여 중금속 오염유무 를 평가할 수 있는 판단기준에 대한 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다. Objectives of this study were to monitor the distribution of heavy metals, to compare extractable heavy metal with total content and to investigate the relationships between soil physico-chemical properties and heavy metals in orchard soil. sampling sites were 48 in Gyeonggi, 36 in Gangwon, 36 in Chungbuk, and 44 in Chungnam. Soils were collected form two depths, 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm (here after referred to as upper and lower layers) from March to May in 1998. Total contents of heavy metal in soils were analyzed by ICP-OES after acid digestion (HNO₃:HCl:H₂O₂) whereas extractable contents were measured after successive extraction of 0.1 N-HCl, 0.05 M-EDTA, and 0.005 M-DTPA. Mercury was analysed by mercury atomizer. The average contents of Cd, Cu, and Pb in the extractant with 0.1 N-HCl at upper layer were 0.080, 4.23, and 3.42 ㎎/㎏, respectively. As content in the extractant with 1 N-HCl was 0.44 ㎎/㎏, and total contents of 20, Ni, and Hg were 78.9, 16.1, and 0.052 ㎎/㎏, respectively. m e ratios of concentrations of heavy metals to threshold values (Cd 1.5, Cu 50, Pb 100, Zn 300, Ni 40, Hg 4 ㎎/㎏) in soil Environmental Conservation Act in Korea (2001) were low in the range of 1/2.5-1/76.9 in orchard soils. The ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content ranged 5.4-9.21% for Cd, 27.9-47.8% for Cu, 12.6-21.8% for Pb, 15.8-203% for Zn, 5.3 -6.3% for Nii and 0.7 -3.6% for 2n, respectively. Cu and Pb contents in 0.05 M-EDTA extractable solution were higher than those in the other extractable solution. Total contents of Cd, Ni, and Ni in soils were negatively correlated with sand content, but positively correlated with silt and clay contents. Ratios of extractable heavy metal to total content were negatively correlated with clay content, but Zn and Ni contents were positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, and available phosphorous. Therefore, the orchard soil was safe because the heavy metal contents of orchard soil were very low as compared to its threshold value in the Soil Environmental Conservation. Act However, it need to consider the input of agricultural materials to the agricultural land for farming practices for assessment of heavy metals.