The Motivation of Female Social Entrepreneurs in Lundu District, Sarawak, Malaysia

Lai Ling Yee,Shazali Johari,Diana Emang,Poh Yee Thoo 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2022 Asian Women Vol.38 No.1

Social entrepreneurship is a type of entrepreneurship that pursues opportunities to solve social, economic, and environmental issues. As a pioneering study exploring McClelland's theory of needs in the context of social entrepreneurship, this study investigated the factors that influence the motivation of female social entrepreneurs in Lundu District of Sarawak, Malaysia. This study was carried out with 150 respondents using a census method, and the results showed that female social entrepreneurs were most motivated to engage as social entrepreneurs by the need for affiliation, followed by the need for achievement and the need for power. The multiple linear regression results indicated that attendance at courses and training was the most influential factor that positively influenced all three motivational dimensions. Accordingly, policymakers should incorporate human resource managers and other training providers to tailor suitable courses and training for communities. In contrast, ethnic community leaders should strengthen community bonding through various programs to enhance all three needs among the local communities, especially the need for affiliation, to encourage them to engage in social entrepreneurship. Theoretically, this study makes McClelland’s theory of needs more robust by applying it to the social entrepreneurship phenomenon and expands the literature on social entrepreneurship in the context of developing countries.

The Impact of Local Culture Education : Teaching Traditional Music in Taiwan

Lai Mei?Ling 한국국악교육학회 2009 국악교육 Vol.28 No.-

Teaching traditional music in the school curriculum is facing different challenges worldwide, Taiwan is no exception. This paper focused on the Music Curriculum revision after the localization movement in Taiwan. Music was introduced into school curriculum as early as 1898 during the Japanese ruled period, but traditional Taiwanese music was omitted from the colonial education. After War World II, the central government of the Republic of China moved to Taiwan in 1949, because of nationalist ideology and the national language policies, the government demanded that education needed to be based on Chinese culture, ignoring Taiwanese culture. A very limited Taiwanese music was included in the music textbooks. Taiwanese localization movement in the 1970s emphasized the importance of a separate Taiwanese culture rather than the culture from mainland China. The movement involved teaching of history of Taiwan, geography and culture from a Taiwan?centric perspective. Later, local culture education was added in the National Curriculum Standards revision of 1993 and 1994, not only in the form of the national language, but thirteen indigenous languages, including Hoklo, Hakka, and eleven aboriginal languages. The revision emphasized incorporating Taiwanese music into curriculum that enabled students to develop a mutual respect for the rich heritage in Taiwan. New subjects of “Local Culture Teaching Activities” for elementary schools, and “Folk Arts Activities” for junior high schools were added. These subjects focused on the need for teaching Taiwanese culture which included teaching Taiwanese music. Music teachers and local culture specialists were invited to teach these subjects. Current curriculum was implemented in 2001; its goal is not only to emphasize on native culture, but also to advocate multicultural education. Students are required to take one of the thirteen different indigenous-language courses from grades one to six, and to start English lessons at the third grade. The subject of music is integrated with visual art and performing art as the Arts and Humanities learning area. The scope of music learning embraces Taiwanese music and world music. Due to historical and political background, teaching of traditional music includes traditional Chinese music as well as Taiwanese music. There are many genres in Taiwanese music, only a few genres are taught in schools : folk songs, instrumental music, Taiwanese opera and Taiwanese puppetry. Students learn Taiwanese music through singing, chanting, listening, playing instruments and movement, etc. Taiwanese songs, including Hoklo folk songs, Hakka folk songs and music of aboriginal tribes, are introduced to replace a large portion of Chinese folk songs and to help students learn a variety of Taiwanese music in the music textbooks. Because of the cultural and instructional needs, music teachers are facing the challenges of teaching Taiwanese music. Empowering music teachers should be an imperative goal for teacher education programs. This paper will discuss various programs for teacher education. Audio and video excerpts will be played to illustrate a few examples of teaching traditional music in Taiwan.

MUTUAL FUND ADVERTISING AND FUND CONSUMER REDEMPTION BEHAVIOR

Kuan-Ling Lai,Miao-Ling Chen,Chi-Lu Peng 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5

This study employs a trading dataset from a top investment bank in Taiwan to examine whether and how mutual fund advertising influences fund consumers’ redemption behavior, and whether the effect of advertising differs between small- and large-amount fund consumers. The evidence of this study shows that, on average, fund consumers redeem more non-advertised funds as their returns increase, while fund advertising slows their redemptions. The results from quantile regression show that fund advertising plays an important role in affecting redemption-performance sensitivity of large-amount and medium-amount investors. After taking advertising into account, large-amount and medium-amount investors reduce their fund redemptions. The results suggest that advertising, as a transmission of information, varies with investors’ wealth levels and that these differences in advertising matter to investors’ redemptions. This study contributes to understanding the role of advertising in fund consumers’ realized behavior and is useful for fund companies because they can more efficiently allocate limited resources such as advertising to support the growth of fund assets under management.

Music Preference and Intervention on Stress Reduction in Newly Employed Nurses

Hui-Ling Lai 한국간호과학회 2005 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.10

Bullying in Middle Schools: An Asian-Pacific Regional Study

Shu-Ling Lai,Renmin Ye,Kuo-Pao Chang 서울대학교 교육연구소 2008 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.9 No.4

This study discusses and compares five types of bullying in middle schools among tell Asia-Pacific countries. The study does this in the following ways. It explores the impact of students' genders and family backgrounds oil the bullying. finds interactions of the victimization of bullying and relevant attitudes toward schools, teachers and schoolmates. and reveals the relationships between the experiences of bullying and the difficulties, pressures and achievements of academic study in each country. The findings provide meaningful reference points for understanding students' ethics and behavior education, schools' counseling and support systems (as well as the general improvement of the situation in the Asia-Pacific region), and for cross-cultural education comparisons.

MUTUAL FUND ADVERTISING AND FUND CONSUMER REDEMPTION BEHAVIOR

Kuan-Ling Lai,Miao-Ling Chen,Chi-Lu Peng 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

This study employs a trading dataset from a top investment bank in Taiwan to examine whether and how mutual fund advertising influences fund consumers’ redemption behavior, and whether the effect of advertising differs between small- and large-amount fund consumers. The evidence of this study shows that, on average, fund consumers redeem more non-advertised funds as their returns increase, while fund advertising slows their redemptions. The results from quantile regression show that fund advertising plays an important role in affecting redemption-performance sensitivity of large-amount and medium-amount investors. After taking advertising into account, large-amount and medium-amount investors reduce their fund redemptions. The results suggest that advertising, as a transmission of information, varies with investors’ wealth levels and that these differences in advertising matter to investors’ redemptions. This study contributes to understanding the role of advertising in fund consumers’ realized behavior and is useful for fund companies because they can more efficiently allocate limited resources such as advertising to support the growth of fund assets under management.

Survey of genetic structure of geese using novel microsatellite markers

Fang-Yu Lai,Po-An Tu,Shih-Torng Ding,Min-Jung Lin,Shen-Chang Chang,En-Chung Lin,Ling-Ling Lo,Pei-Hwa Wang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of local goose populations. Methods: Novel microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of white Roman geese using short tandem repeated probes. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their variability among four populations of geese from the Changhua Animal Propagation Station (CAPS). The selected microsatellite markers could then be used to monitor genetic variability and study the genetic structures of geese from local geese farms. Results: 14 novel microsatellite loci were isolated. In addition to seven known loci, two multiplex sets were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in geese populations. The average of allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.09, 5.145, 0.499, 0.745, and 0.705, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting white Roman cluster and a spreading Chinese cluster. In white Roman populations, the CAPS populations were depleted to roughly two clusters when K was set equal to 6 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The founders of private farm populations had a similar genetic structure. Among the Chinese geese populations, the CAPS populations and private populations represented different clads of the phylogenetic tree and individuals from the private populations had uneven genetic characteristics according to various analyses. Conclusion: Based on this study’s analyses, we suggest that the CAPS should institute a proper breeding strategy for white Roman geese to avoid further clustering. In addition, for preservation and stable quality, the Chinese geese in the CAPS and the aforementioned proper breeding scheme should be introduced to geese breeders.

DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF A HARVEST SINGLE SPECIES MODEL ON GROWING HABITAT

Ling, Zhi,Zhang, Lai Korean Mathematical Society 2014 대한수학회보 Vol.51 No.5

This paper is concerned with a reaction-diffusion single species model with harvesting on n-dimensional isotropically growing domain. The model on growing domain is derived and the corresponding comparison principle is proved. The asymptotic behavior of the solution to the problem is obtained by using the method of upper and lower solutions. The results show that the growth of domain takes a positive effect on the asymptotic stability of positive steady state solution while it takes a negative effect on the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution, but the effect of the harvesting rate is opposite. The analytical findings are validated with the numerical simulations.

A REALTIME FLOOD FORECAST MODEL FOR A TIDE-AFFECTED RIVER BASIN

LAI CHINTU,TSAY TING-KUEI,CHIEN CHEN-HO,TAN CHIH-HUNG,WU I-LING,WU NAN-CHING,LIN CHI-YAO 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

The long-term anatomical and visual effect of intravitreal triamcinolone injection during vitrectomy for the treatment of idiopathic macular epiretinal membrane

Lai, Chi-Chun,Wang, Nan-Kai,Wu, Wei-Chi,Yeung, Ling,Hwang, Yih-Shiou,Chen, Kuan-Jen,Chen, Tun-Lu,Chuang, Lan-Hsin Informa Healthcare 2011 Cutaneous and ocular toxicology Vol.30 No.4

<P><I>Purpose</I>: To compare the long-term anatomical and visual outcomes of patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) removed by vitrectomy and membrane peeling with or without the use of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA).</P><P><I>Methods</I>: A retrospective chart review was performed. Subjects who underwent vitrectomy and who were followed over 12 months were included. The study included two groups of patients. In group 1 (71 eyes), the patients underwent vitrectomy and membrane peeling without the use of IVTA. In group 2 (27 eyes), 2 mg of IVTA was given at the end of the surgery. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness (CFT) determined by optical coherence tomography (OCT), the number of cataract surgeries, and the use of anti-glaucomatous drugs during the follow-up period.</P><P><I>Results</I>: This study included 98 eyes with ERM from 98 patients. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to age, gender, pre- and postoperative lens status, BCVA, CFT, or length of the follow-up period. The mean age for all of the patients was 62.45 ± 10.01 (mean ± SD) years, and the mean follow-up length was 20.58 ± 9.64 (mean ± SD) months. In all cases, the mean best-corrected logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) acuity improved from a preoperative value of 0.91 ± 0.32 [Snellen equivalent (SE), 0.16 ± 0.14] to a postoperative value of 0.46 ± 0.36 (SE, 0.46 ± 0.29) (<I>P</I> < 0.0001). The CFT was reduced from a preoperative value of 473.46 ± 96.91 μm to a postoperative value of 302.44 ± 69.80 μm (<I>P</I> < 0.0001). Six patients (22.2%) in group 2 required anti-glaucomatous drugs to control intraocular pressure (IOP) during the follow-up period, and three patients (4.2%) in group 1 required drugs to control IOP (<I>P</I> == 0.012).</P><P><I>Conclusions</I>: The postoperative visual outcomes for patients with idiopathic ERM were favorable, but CFT did not return to a normal level, even in eyes in which 2 mg IVTA was used. The IVTA use after ERM removal produced no significant benefits during long-term follow-up, but IVTA did increase the risk of increased IOP.</P>