The Tense and Aspect System of Chinese, English and Korean : Focusing on the present, the past and the future

Lu, Jing-Hua 대한중국학회 2016 중국학 Vol.57 No.-

There are grammatical markers of tense that are obligatory in English and Korean, ho wever, these grammatical temporal forms are absent in Chinese. Although it is uncontrov ersial that Chinese does not morphologically encode tense, there are several other ways in which temporal information can be encoded (Smith&Erbaugh, 2005). Chinese is an aspect system language which marks aspect. On the contrast, English is a tense system languag e which marks tense. In our review of languages considered in this study, the main focus will be on aspect system and tense system which are illustrated by Chinese, English and Korean. The author will illustrate that the tense and aspect system of Chinese is different from that of Korean and English. Our argument in this paper focuses on three categories which can be referred to as the present, past and future. In chapter one, the motive of re search that difference of aspect and tense expression in Chinese, English and Korea was introduced and the course of this research was mentioned. A contrasting study was conducted in chapter two. As for contrasting the characteristics of three languages, the author hope that this paper would help to learn Chinese, English or Korean easily.

The Economic and Political System of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

Lu, Jing-Hua(여정화) 경성대학교 인문과학연구소 2016 인문학논총 Vol.42 No.-

홍콩특별행정구(香港特别行政区)는 홍콩섬(香港島, 향항도)과 주룽반도(九竜半島, 구룡반도), 신제(新界, 신계)와 그 밖의 230개의 부속도서로 구성되어 있는 중국의 특별행정구이다. 1840년 아편 전쟁 이후 영국에 의해 점령 된 홍콩은 중국과 영국의 여러 번의 논의 후 1997년 드디어 중국에 반환과 함께 중국홍콩특별행정구가 수립되었다. 홍콩은 중국의 영토이다. 그러나 1941년에 일본이 홍콩을 점령한 뒤 1945년에 다시 해방되었으며 국공내전으로 인해 영국에 다시 점령되었다. “기본법”, “영국-중국 공동 선언”, “일국양제”에 따라 홍콩은 1997년 7월 1일부터 2047년 6월 30일까지 50년간 외교와 국방을 제외한 고도의 자치권이 인정되는 특별행정구의 지위를 유지하도록 되어있다. 지금까지 중국 국내에서 가장 높은 수준의 자율성을 보유하고 있다. 본 논문은 홍콩특별행정구의 중국 반환 20주년에 맞춰 ‘일국양제’의 특징과 시사점을 분석했으며 학계의 많은 관심을 이끌기 위해, 특히 홍콩의 경제와 정치 구조에 대한 분석을 했다. 이러한 독특한 특성은 매우 시의성이 높으며 한국과 다른 체제제도를 유지하는 중국을 이해하는데 도움을 주는 내용으로 구성되어 있다. Hong Kong is China"s territory since ancient times, which have been occupied by Britain after the Opium War of 1840. Since 1979, China and the United Kingdom have began to discuss the issue about Hong Kong several times. In accordance with the Basic Law, the Sino-British Joitnt Declaration and one country and two systems principle, New Territories, New Kowloon and other areas in Hongkong officially handed over to China in July 1, 1997. Comparing with other provinces, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region has a high degree of autonomy. Since the system of Hongkong Special Administrative Region is an innovative system of national political system, this paper just make a preliminary analysis on the political and economic structure of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, in order to arouse many academics" attention that continue to explore this rich system constitute, distinctive characteristics of power relations and structure power. The institutional practice of Hong Kong has unique status on the national governance system and governance modernization.

韩语汉字词与汉语词汇词义的对比研究

LU JING HUA,정성임 동북아시아문화학회 2018 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.56

Although Chinese and Korean belong to different language families, Korea is one of the countries in the East Asian Chinese cultural circle, the development of language is deeply influenced by Chinese characters. In Korean vocabulary system, we know that Korean vocabulary is divided into three types: intrinsic words, Chinese characters, and foreign words, while 70% of the total Korean vocabulary are Chinese characters. This paper will focus on the meaning of comparison between Korean Chinese Characters and Chinese words. Furthermore, we will analyze the similarities and differences between Korean Chinese Characters and Chinese words. Finally, the problems in the teaching of Chinese vocabulary to Korean students will be summarized. This paper is divided into four sections. The first section is a comparative analysis of Korean Chinese Characters and Chinese vocabulary. It mainly expounds the similarities and differences between Chinese vocabulary and Korean Chinese Characters. In the second section, combining with the practical experience of the author's teaching work, the application and teaching methods of Chinese teaching to Korean students will be discussed through the methods of classification and comparison. The third section is the conclusion of this paper. Problems existing in the teaching of Korean Chinese words will be summarized. We hope to promote the teaching of Chinese characters, provide practical reference and some help for Chinese learners in Korean. Moreover, for the deep study, we will prepare the paper about Korean Chinese Characters and Chinese Words focusing on the grammar. We hope to promote the teaching of Chinese characters, and provide some help for Chinese learners in Korean.

论美元霸权对中国产生的影响与近期相关对策

LU JING HUA,김경환 중국지역학회 2018 중국지역연구 Vol.5 No.3

The U.S. hegemony model is based on the exclusive supply of dollars. In the experience of world history, reckless supply of money leads to a fall in the national economy. But the U.S. maintains its global hegemony despite its huge current and fiscal deficits. This is called the dollar hegemony in the world. The dollar bond remains a monopoly on trade, foreign reserves and resource payments. Countries around the world want to secure dollars for trade payments and resource transactions. In other words, the dollar maintains hegemony through a monopoly in trade and resources. So far, some countries have tried to break away from the dollar, but the United States has blocked it through economic sanctions and war. At that time, countries against the dollar had little impact on the global economy, and they could not escape the dollar's hegemony. The U.S. and China are in an economic conflict in 2018. Conflicts between the U.S. and China, which started from trade conflicts, are expanding due to sanctions against ICT companies. The world is blaming the emergence of U.S. President Trump, but this study analyzed China's challenge to the dollar hegemony. In the early days of the U.S.-China conflict, criticism and criticism of Trump was prevalent, but his chances of re-election after the second half of 2018. Even after the conflict, the U.S.-China trade deficit has not decreased, but President Trump's political standing is on the rise. For this reason, conflict between the U.S. and China is likely to be responsible for China's response as it is largely related to maintaining the dollar's hegemony. According to the study, China is expanding its use of the yuan for crude futures trade dominated by the dollar and expanding its currency-based CIPS to neighboring countries including Southeast Asia in response to the U.S.-led global bank payment network, SWIFT. And international cooperation with major anti-American countries such as Venezuela, Iran, Russia and Turkey is strengthening. As a result, the recent U.S.-China conflict is a showdown over the U.S. Therefore, the conflict will continue for some time. The Korean government and companies need to diversify their export markets and diversify their foreign exchange reserves to prepare for this situation. 미국의 패권모델은 달러의 독점적인 공급에 기초한다. 세계 역사의 경험에서보면 무분별한 화폐의 공급은 국가경제의 몰락을 초래한다. 그러나 미국은 막대한 경상수지적자와 재정적자를 지속하고 있음에도 세계패권을 유지하고 있다. 이를 세계는 달러패권이라 부른다. 달러패권은 무역거래, 외환보유고, 자원결제의 독점으로 유지된다. 세계 각국은 무역결제와 자원거래를 위해 달러를 확보하고자 한다. 다시 말하면 달러는 무역거래와 자원거래의 독점을 통해 패권을유지하는 것이다. 지금까지 일부 국가는 달러패권을 탈피하기 위해 노력하였으나 미국은 경제제재, 전쟁 등을 통해 이를 봉쇄하였다. 당시 달러에 대항한국가들은 세계경제에 미치는 영향이 미미했기 때문에 달러패권을 벗어나지못했다. 미국과 중국은 2018년 경제적 갈등을 벌이고 있다. 무역 갈등에서 시작된 미중 간의 갈등은 ICT기업에 대한 제재 등 확장일로에 있다. 세계는 이를 미국트럼프대통령의 등장에 원인을 두고 있으나 본 연구는 달러패권에 대한 중국의도전이라는 관점에서 분석하였다. 미국사회는 미중 간의 갈등 초기에는 트럼프대통령에 대한 비난과 비판이 주를 이루었으나 2018년 하반기 이후 트럼프대통령의 재선 가능성이 증가하고 있고 11월 거행된 중간선거에서도 공화당이 선전하였다. 갈등 이후에도 미중 간의 무역적자 규모가 감소하지 않은 상황에도 트럼프대통령의 정치적 입지가 오히려 상승하고 있는 것이다. 이런 이유로 미중의 갈등은 달러패권의 유지와 관련이 크기 때문에 중국의 대응에 원인이 있을가능성이 크다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 중국은 달러가 독점하고 있는 원유선물거래에 위안화사용을 확대하고 있으며 미국이 주도하는 국제은행 결제네트워크인 SWIFT에대응하여 동남아 등 주변국가에 위안화 기반의 CIPS를 확대하고 있다. 그리고베네수엘라, 이란, 러시아, 터키 등 대표적인 반미국가와의 국제적인 공조를 강화하고 있다. 이로 인해 최근 벌어지고 있는 미중갈등은 달러패권에 대한 각축이다. 따라서 이러한 갈등 상황은 당분간 지속될 것이다. 한국정부와 기업은 이러한 상황에 대비하여 수출시장을 다변화하고 외환보유고를 다변화할 필요가있다.

论东亚文化圈三国汉字文化产业的发展现状, 开发方向与完善对策

LU JING HUA,곽다예 동북아시아문화학회 2022 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.72

Chinese Culture Circle is the world with Chinese characteries as media and has the same value system. Chinese culture circle of East Asia refers to the countries and of east Asia such as China, Korea, Japan, Vietnam and so on, This paper mainly focus on and conduct analysis and research on China, South Korea, and Japan, three representative countries in the East Asian Chinese character circle. It is committed to combining the experience advantages of the cultural industries of these three countries to propose a Chinese character cultural industry. The targeted countermeasures will make a contribution to promoting the development of the Chinese character culture industry in practice in the vast number of countries in the East Asian cultural circle. Although China, South Korea, and Japan in the East Asian cultural circle are all belong to the field of Chinese character culture and have many similarities in culture, there are great differences in the way of using Chinese characters. Therefore, for the development of the Chinese character culture industry, countries in the Chinese character culture circle should make efforts in four aspects. In view of the above policies, efforts should be made for the revitalization and development of the Chinese character culture industry according to the actual situation of each country. Humans have language, and language is the most basic information. Since modern times, some Chinese scholars have followed Saussure's erroneous theory. It is hoped that from now on, China and all countries in the East Asian Chinese character culture circle can fundamentally continue to establish and further strengthen the character confidence and even cultural confidence in our East Asian script circle. Lu Jianming believes that global integration makes language an intangible resource that plays an increasingly important role in national economy and security.

A Study on Chinese Pidgin English

Lu, Jing-Hua(여정화) 경성대학교 인문과학연구소 2013 인문학논총 Vol.33 No.-

서로 다른 언어를 쓰는 사람들이 원활한 의사소통을 위해서 형성한 혼성어이다. 중국 피진어는 중국어와 영어의 혼성어이며 현재까지도 많은 사람들이 중국 피진어를 사용하고 있다. 최근 몇 년 동안 중국과 외국 언어학자들은 중국 피진어에 큰 관심을 가져왔다. 많은 학자들이 중국 피진어에 대한 자신들의 의견을 개진해 왔다. 본 논문은 중국어와 영어의 언어자료에 근거하여, 사회언어학의 관점에서 보는 중국 피진 영어의 역사적 형성과정과 언어적 특징을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 이 분야를 연구하거나 관심이 있는 분들에게 도움이 되었으면 한다. A Pidgin is a language variety created for the purpose of communicating with some other language groups. Historically, pidgins were used as main media between many different language groups. Chinese Pidgin English, is a Pidgin language between Chinese and English, which is still used by many Chinese. In recent years, domestic and foreign linguists have had a great interest in Chinese Pidgin English. Many scholars have put forward their own opinions on Chinese Pidgin English. Based on the Chinese and English corpora, this paper will make a summary on the historical process and the linguistic features of Chinese Pidgin English from the perspective of sociolinguistic, which is systematic and diverse.

Computed Tomography Manifestations of Histologic Subtypes of Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma

Lu, Jing,Qin, Qin,Zhan, Liang-Liang,Yang, Xi,Xu, Qing,Yu, Jing,Dou, Li-Na,Zhang, Hao,Yang, Yan,Chen, Xiao-Chen,Yang, Yue-Hua,Cheng, Hong-Yan,Sun, Xin-Chen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Objective: Liposarcoma (LPS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma and accounts for approximately 20% of all mesenchymal malignancies, often occurring in deep soft tissue of retroperitoneal space. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is therefore necessary. We explored whether computed tomography (CT) could be used to differentiate between the various types of retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RPLS). Method: Forty-seven cases of RPLS, diagnosed surgically and histologically, were analyzed retrospectively. CT features were correlated with postoperative pathological appearance. Results: The study radiologist identified 29, 11, 2, 2 and 3 RPLS as atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDL), dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDL), myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (ML/RCL), pleomorphic liposarcoma (PL) and mixed-type liposarcoma. Analysis of CT scans revealed the following typical findings of the different subtypes of RPLS: ALT/WDL was mainly visible as a well-delineated fatty hypodense tumor with uniform density and integrity margin; DDL was marked by the combination of focal nodular density and hypervascularity. ML/RCL, PL and mixed liposarcoma showed malignant biological behaviour and CT findings need further studies. Conclusions: CT scanning can reveal important details including internal components, margins and surrounding tissues. Based on CT findings, tumor type can be roughly evaluated and biopsy location and therapeutic scheme guided.

The Tense and Aspect System of Chinese, English and Korean : Focusing on the present, the past and the future

여정화(Lu Jing Hua)(吕,菁华,) 대한중국학회 2016 중국학 Vol.57 No.-

There are grammatical markers of tense that are obligatory in English and Korean, ho wever, these grammatical temporal forms are absent in Chinese. Although it is uncontrov ersial that Chinese does not morphologically encode tense, there are several other ways in which temporal information can be encoded (Smith&Erbaugh, 2005). Chinese is an aspect system language which marks aspect. On the contrast, English is a tense system languag e which marks tense. In our review of languages considered in this study, the main focus will be on aspect system and tense system which are illustrated by Chinese, English and Korean. The author will illustrate that the tense and aspect system of Chinese is different from that of Korean and English. Our argument in this paper focuses on three categories which can be referred to as the present, past and future. In chapter one, the motive of re search that difference of aspect and tense expression in Chinese, English and Korea was introduced and the course of this research was mentioned. A contrasting study was cond ucted in chapter two. As for contrasting the characteristics of three languages, the author hope that this paper would help to learn Chinese, English or Korean easily.

Impact of a Glyphosate-Tolerant Soybean Line on the Rhizobacteria, Revealed by Illumina MiSeq

( Gui-hua Lu ),( Yin-ling Zhu ),( Ling-ru Kong ),( Jing Cheng ),( Cheng-yi Tang ),( Xiao-mei Hua ),( Fan-fan Meng ),( Yan-jun Pang ),( Rong-wu Yang ),( Jin-liang Qi ),( Yong-hua Yang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.3

The global commercial cultivation of transgenic crops, including glyphosate-tolerant soybean, has increased widely in recent decades with potential impact on the environment. The bulk of previous studies showed different results on the effects of the release of transgenic plants on the soil microbial community, especially rhizosphere bacteria. In this study, comparative analyses of the bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soils and surrounding soils were performed between the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line NZL06-698 (or simply N698), containing a glyphosate-insensitive EPSPS gene, and its control cultivar Mengdou12 (or simply MD12), by a 16S ribosomal RNA gene (16S rDNA) amplicon sequencing-based Illumina MiSeq platform. No statistically significant difference was found in the overall alpha diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities, although the species richness and evenness of the bacteria increased in the rhizosphere of N698 compared with that of MD12. Some influence on phylogenetic diversity of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was found between N698 and MD12 by beta diversity analysis based on weighted UniFrac distance. Furthermore, the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacterial phyla and genera, which included some nitrogen-fixing bacteria, were significantly different between N698 and MD12. Our present results indicate some impact of the glyphosate-tolerant soybean line N698 on the phylogenetic diversity of rhizosphere bacterial communities together with a significant difference in the relative abundances of part rhizosphere bacteria at different classification levels as compared with its control cultivar MD12, when a comparative analysis of surrounding soils between N698 and MD12 was used as a systematic contrast study.

Prognosis and Clinicopathology of CXCR4 in Colorectal Cancer Patients: a Meta-analysis

Li, Lu-Ning,Jiang, Kai-Tong,Tan, Peng,Wang, Ai-Hua,Kong, Qing-Yin,Wang, Cui-Yue,Lu, Hua-Rong,Wang, Jing Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been widely used in diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there is no current consensus on the impact of CXCR4 on CRC patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological importance of CXCR4 in CRC patients. Databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane library, CBM and EMBASE updated to 2014 were searched to include eligible articles. We analysed correlations between CXCR4 expression and clinicopathological features and overall survival (OS). A total of 1, 055 CRC patients from twelve studies were included in the study. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) which indicated CXCR4 expression was likely to be associated with TNM stage (OR=0.43, CI=0.34-0.55, P<0.00001), lymph node status (OR=2.23, CI=1.23-4.05, P=0.008) and vascular invasion (OR=2.21, CI=1.11-4.39, P=0.02). Poor overall survival of CRC cancer was found to be significantly related to CXCR4 overexpression (hazard ratio (HR) 1.36 CI=1.17-1.59, P<0.0001), whereas combined ORs revealed that CXCR4 expression had no correlation with gender or differentiation. Based on the published studies, CXCR4 overexpression in patients w ith CRC indicates poor survival outcome and clinicopathological factors.