Further Study on Infectivity of Zoophilic and Anthropophilic Strains of Schistosoma Japanicum to Different Races of Oncomelania hupensis Snails

Lee, K.M.,Fan, P.C.,Wu, C.C.,Liu, C.Y. INSTITUTE OF TROPICAL MEDICINE YONSEI UNIVERSITY 1994 YONSEI REPORTS ON TROPICAL MEDICINE Vol.25 No.1

In the present study, Oncomelnia snails were collected from Chen-shan District of I-lan County, Pu-yen District of Chang-hua County, Chang-hu District of Yun-lin County, Pali District and A-li-lao of Taipei County, and Liu-kuei District of Kao-hsiung County. The Oncomelania snails from A-li-lao were infected with Hupei/China strain of Schistosoma japonicum (anthropophilic type). The remaining five races of Oncomelania snails were infected with Han-pao/Taiwan strain of S. japonicum (zoophilic type). Each snail was infected with five miracidia and examined six times after infection. Except for the snails from Liu-Kuei, those from the other five areas were found positive. The infection rate of the snails infected with the zoophilic strain of S. japonicum was the highest in those from Pa-li (42.9%), followed by Chang-Hu (38.4%), Pu-Yen (17.1%). and Chen-Shan (10%). The Oncomelania snails from A-li-lao infected with the anthropophilic strain of S. japonicum gave an infection rate of 53%. The snails from A-il-lao and Pa-li were O. hupensis chiui and those from the other four areas were O. hypensis formosana. In contrast to the order of infection rate. the size of the Chang-hua strain of O. h. formosana was the largest (6.3×2.9mm ) and the A-li-lao strain of O. h. chiui was the smallest (4.2×2.3mm). The Pa-li strain of O. h. chiui snails was middle size (4.8×2.7mm). The infection rate and the size of snails were turned out to be negatively correlated.

A Joint Control Strategy for Automobile Active Grille Shutter and Cooling Fan

Liu Chuanbo,Wang Zhengju,Fan Chaojie,Zhang Ruonan,Man Xingjia 한국자동차공학회 2021 International journal of automotive technology Vol.22 No.6

As an emerging technology improving fuel consumption, active grille shutter (AGS) has been applied in engine cooling system. For the reason of unreasonable matching method of grille opening and cooling fan, the problem of engine overcooling is widespread. As components with similar function of adjusting cooling air flow, the AGS and the cooling fan are separated from each other in parameter matching and operation which reduce cooling efficiency and fuel economy. To achieve precise cooling and improve fuel economy, a joint control strategy for AGS and cooling fan was proposed by using computational fluid dynamics. In order to verify the feasibility of the strategy, the fuel economy tests were carried out at 0 km/h, 90 km/h and 120 km/h, respectively. The results showed that the fuel consumption under the three working conditions was reduced by 0.01 L/ 100 km, 0.07 L/ 100 km and 0.13 L/ 100 km, respectively, indicating that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce fuel consumption.

Two 3D Cd^II and Zn^II Complexes Based on Flexible Dicarboxylate Ligand and Nitrogen-containing Pillar: Synthesis, Structure, and Luminescent Properties

Liu, Liu,Fan, Yan-Hua,Wu, Lan-Zhi,Zhang, Huai-Min,Yang, Li-Rong Korean Chemical Society 2013 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.34 No.12

Two 3D isomorphous and isostructural complexes, namely, $[Zn(BDOA)(bpy)(H_2O)_2]_n$ (1) and $[Cd(BDOA)-(bpy)(H_2O)_2]_n$ (2); (BDOA = Benzene-1,4-dioxyacetic acid, bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by means of elemental analyses, thermogravimetric (TG), infrared spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P-1 and each metal ion in the complexes are six-coordinated with the same coordination environment. In the as-synthesized complexes, $BDOA^{2-}$ anions link central metal ions to form a 1D zigzag chain $[-BDOA^{2-}-Zn(Cd)-BDOA^{2-}-Zn(Cd)-]_{\infty}$, whereas bpy pillars connect metal ions to generate a 1D linear chain $[-bpy-Zn(Cd)-bpy-Zn(Cd)-]_{\infty}$. Both infinite chains are interweaved into 2D grid-like layers which are further constructed into a 3D open framework, where hydrogen bonds play as the bridges between the adjacent 2D layers. Luminescent properties of complex 1 showed selectivity for $Hg^{2+}$ ion.

Hydrothermal synthesis combined with calcination of Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles and their up-conversion luminescence

Fan Liu,Xuri Wang,Yanyu Yang,Jing Zhang,Zhaoren Zhang,Jingbao Lian 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2016 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.17 No.12

The Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticles were synthesized by a general and facile hydrothermal synthesis followed bycalcination utilizing commercially available Gd2O3, Yb2O3, Er2O3, HNO3, urea and C12H25SO4Na as the starting materials. Theprecursor and the synthetic products were characterized by a variety of characterization tools. The results reveal that theprecursor is composed of gadolinium hydroxyl, carbonate and sulfate groups and could be converted into pure Gd2O2SO4phase by calcining at 800 oC for 2 hrs in air. The good crystallinity and dispersion of near-spherical Gd2O2SO4 nanoparticleswere obtained with an average diameter of about 50 nm. Under 980 nm infrared light excitation, the Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+nanoparticles present the strongest red emission (664 nm), which corresponds to the 4F9/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions. Moreover, two green emission peaks are located at 546 nm and 526 nm, resulting from the 4S3/2 → 4I15/2 and 2 H11/2 → 4I15/2transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively. When the concentration of Er3+ ions reaches 2%, the Gd2O2SO4 : Yb3+,Er3+ nanoparticlesshows the highest luminescence. The Ln(Iup)-Ln(P) plots confirm that the up-conversion (UC) excitation belongs to two-photon(4F9/2 → 4I15/2 and 4S3/2 → 4I15/2) and three-photon (2H11/2 → 4I15/2) absorption mechanisms.

Effect of Cu on Pore Structure of Al–Si Foam

Fan Deng,Jianzhong Fan,Yanqiang Liu,Xuehan Lu,Shaohua Wei,Junhui Nie 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.12

The alloy composition is an important factor effecting the pore structure of aluminum foam. In this paper, the powder compactfoaming method was used, and different content of Cu element powders were added to the alloy Al–9Si, for investigatingthe effect of alloying element on foaming process. With the Cu content of Al–Si–Cu alloy increasing, the expansion ratio isincreased, the time required to reach maximum expansion is shortened, and the number of fissure-like pores at early foamingstage is decreased. This improving action is related to the higher volume fraction of liquid phase in same melting temperaturecaused by increasing Cu content in alloy. Comparing different Al–Si–Cu alloys with different Cu content at same expansionratio, the higher Cu content, the smaller pore size and the thinner cell wall. This beneficial effect on pore structure is attributedto the addition of Cu that is benefit to increasing the viscosity of Al–Si–Cu alloy during foaming. And at same expansionrate, the more content of Cu in Al–Si–Cu alloy, the higher compressive strength of aluminum foam.

A short-term supranutritional vitamin E supplementation alleviated respiratory alkalosis but did not reduce oxidative stress in heat stressed pigs

Fan Liu,Pietro Celi,Surinder Singh Chauhan,Jeremy James Cottrell,Brian Joseph Leury,Frank Rowland Dunshea 아세아·태평양축산학회 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.2

Objective: Heat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in pigs. The objective of this experiment was to study whether a short-term supranutritional amount of dietary vitamin E (VE) can mitigate oxidative stress and respiratory alkalosis in heat-stressed pigs. Methods: A total of 24 pigs were given either a control diet (17 IU/kg VE) or a high VE (200 IU/kg VE; HiVE) diet for 14 d, then exposed to thermoneutral (TN; 20°C, 45% humidity) or HS (35°C, 35% to 45% humidity, 8 h daily) conditions for 7 d. Respiration rate and rectal temperature were measured three times daily during the thermal exposure. Blood gas variables and oxidative stress markers were studied in blood samples collected on d 7. Results: Although HiVE diet did not affect the elevated rectal temperature or respiration rate observed during HS, it alleviated (all p<0.05 for diet×temperature) the loss of blood CO2 partial pressure and bicarbonate, as well as the increase in blood pH in the heat-stressed pigs. The HS reduced (p = 0.003) plasma biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and tended to increase (p = 0.067) advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP) in the heat-stressed pigs, suggesting HS triggers oxidative stress. The HiVE diet did not affect plasma BAP or AOPP. Only under TN conditions the HiVE diet reduced the plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (p<0.05 for diet× temperature). Conclusion: A short-term supplementation with 200 IU/kg VE partially alleviated respiratory alkalosis but did not reduce oxidative stress in heat-stressed pigs.

E-커머스 사용자의 평점과 리뷰 유용성이 상품 추천 시스템의 성능 향상에 미치는 영향 분석

LIU FAN,이병현(Byunghyun Lee),최일영(Ilyoung Choi),정재호(Jaeho Jeong),김재경(Jaekyeong Kim) 한국지능정보시스템학회 2022 지능정보연구 Vol.28 No.1

정보통신기술 발달로 스마트폰이 보급되면서, 온라인 쇼핑몰 서비스는 컴퓨터가 아닌 모바일로도 사용이 가능해졌다. 그로 인해 온라인 쇼핑몰 서비스를 이용하는 사용자는 급격히 증가하게 되고, 거래되는 제품의 종류 또한 방대해지고 있다. 따라서 기업은 이익을 최대화하기 위해서는 사용자가 관심을 가질만한 정보를 제공해주는 것이 중요하다. 이를 위해 사용자의 과거 행동 데이터나 행동 구매 기록을 기반으로 사용자에게 필요한 정보 또는 제품을 제시하는 것을 추천 시스템이라 한다. 현재 추천 서비스를 제공하는 대표적인 해외 기업으로는 Netflix, Amazon, YouTube 등이 있다. 최근 이러한 전자상거래 사이트에서는 사용자가 해당 제품에 대한 리뷰가 유용한지에 대해 투표할 수 있는 기능을 제공하고 있다. 이를 통해, 사용자는 유용하다고 판단되는 제품에 대한 리뷰와 평점을 참고하여 구매 의사결정을 내린다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 제품에 대한 평점과 리뷰의 유용성 정보 간의 상관관계를 파악하고, 리뷰의 유용성 정보를 추천 시스템에 반영하여 추천 성능을 확인하고자 한다. 또한 대부분의 사용자들은 만족한 제품에만 평점을 부여하는 경향이 있고 제품에 대한 평점이 높을수록 구매 의도가 높아지는 경향이 있다. 따라서 전통적인 협업 필터링 기법에 모든 평점을 반영한 결과와 4점과 5점 평점만을 반영한 추천 성능 결과를 비교하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 Amazon에서 수집한 전자 제품 데이터를 사용하였으며, 실험 결과는 평점과 리뷰 유용성 정보 간 상관관계가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 모든 평점과 4점과 5점 평점만을 추천 시스템에 반영하여 추천 성능을 비교한 결과, 4점과 5점 평점만을 추천 시스템에 반영한 결과의 추천 성능이 더 높게 나타났다. 그리고 리뷰 유용성 정보를 추천 시스템에 반영한 결과는 리뷰가 유용할수록 추천 성능은 높게 나타나는 것으로 확인하였다. 따라서 이러한 실험 결과는 향후 개인화 추천 서비스의 성능 향상에 기여하고, 전자상거래 사이트에 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 본다. Because of the spread of smartphones due to the development of information and communication technology, online shopping mall services can be used on computers and mobile devices. As a result, the number of users using the online shopping mall service increases rapidly, and the types of products traded are also growing. Therefore, to maximize profits, companies need to provide information that may interest users. To this end, the recommendation system presents necessary information or products to the user based on the user"s past behavioral data or behavioral purchase records. Representative overseas companies that currently provide recommendation services include Netflix, Amazon, and YouTube. These companies support users" purchase decisions by recommending products to users using ratings, purchase records, and clickstream data that users give to the items. In addition, users refer to the ratings left by other users about the product before buying a product. Most users tend to provide ratings only to products they are satisfied with, and the higher the rating, the higher the purchase intention. And recently, e-commerce sites have provided users with the ability to vote on whether product reviews are helpful. Through this, the user makes a purchase decision by referring to reviews and ratings of products judged to be beneficial. Therefore, in this study, the correlation between the product rating and the helpful information of the review is identified. The valuable data of the evaluation is reflected in the recommendation system to check the recommendation performance. In addition, we want to compare the results of skipping all the ratings in the traditional collaborative filtering technique with the recommended performance results that reflect only the 4 and 5 ratings. For this purpose, electronic product data collected from Amazon was used in this study, and the experimental results confirmed a correlation between ratings and review usefulness information. In addition, as a result of comparing the recommendation performance by reflecting all the ratings and only the 4 and 5 points in the recommendation system, the recommendation performance of remembering only the 4 and 5 points in the recommendation system was higher. In addition, as a result of reflecting review usefulness information in the recommendation system, it was confirmed that the more valuable the review, the higher the recommendation performance. Therefore, these experimental results are expected to improve the performance of personalized recommendation services in the future and provide implications for e-commerce sites.

Reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole composite: an advanced electrode for high-performance symmetric/asymmetric supercapacitor

Liu Guijing,Shi Yanying,Wang Lei,Song Yadong,Gao Shanmin,Liu Dong,Fan Leqing 한국탄소학회 2020 Carbon Letters Vol.30 No.4

Polypyrrole (PPy) decorated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) flms is successfully prepared with pyrrole (Py) monomers and rGO through one-step combining oxidation with polymerization reaction. Compared with the pure individual compo�nents, rGO/PPy compound turns out better electrochemical characteristics owing to the introduction of rGO sheets, which improves the specifc surface area and the conductivity of composite material. When the amount of rGO is 10% of the total, the rGO/PPy compound delivers the best capacitance of 389.3 F g−1 at 1.0 A g−1 in a three-electrode system and 266.8 F g−1 at 0.25 A g−1 in the symmetric supercapacitor system. In addition, asymmetric device (rGO/PPy//AC) has been success�fully fabricated using optimized rGO/PPy compound as positive electrode, activated carbon as negative electrode (AC) and 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous solution as electrolyte. The device obtains long cycle stability under the high-voltage region from 0 to 1.6 V, meanwhile displaying the satisfed energy density of 19.7 Wh kg−1 at 478.1 W kg−1. Besides, the rGO/PPy//AC device presents satisfactory rate capability and long life time.

Recovery of Native Protein from Potato Root Water by Expanded Bed Adsorption with Amberlite XAD7HP

Fan-Kui Zeng,Hong Liu,Peng-Jun Ma,Gang Liu 한국생물공학회 2013 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.18 No.5

Potato root water (PRW) contains ~1.5%protein. In this study, expanded bed adsorption (EBA)chromatography with Amberlite XAD7HP resin adsorbent was used to isolate native protein from crude PRW. The optimal pH and ionic strength for potato protein binding onto Amberlite XAD7HP were 5.0 and 20 mmol/L. The EBA-refined proteins were dried by vacuum freeze drying and spray drying at varying outlet temperatures. Results indicated that low temperature spray drying was the most cost effective method with respect to retaining protease inhibitor activities. The dried protein concentrates appeared bright yellow or dark reddish brown, with a total glycoalkaloid content of ~170 μg/g. The protease inhibitor activity was ~400 mg/g and 11 ~ 12 mg/g for trypsin inhibition and chymotrypsin inhibition, respectively. The results presented here suggest that EBA using Amberlite XAD7HP as the adsorbent is a feasible strategy for the direct adsorption of native protein from crude PRW.

Enhancement on antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Brightwell blueberry by extraction and purification

Liu Haonan,Wu Han,Wang Ying,Wang Fan,Liu Xiaoli,Zhou Jianzhong 한국응용생명화학회 2021 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.64 No.6

A blueberry anthocyanin extract was obtained from Brightwell blueberry fruits cultivated in eastern China and the extraction and purification conditions were optimized. The components of the anthocyanin extract were identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization interface-mass spectrometer. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the blueberry fruit supernatant (BFS), blueberry anthocyanin crude extract (BCE), and blueberry anthocyanin rich extract (BRE) were evaluated. The extraction yield was 1.79 ± 0.0014 mg/g under the following optimal conditions: 1:20 solid-to-liquid ratio (v/w), 24 h, 34 °C, and 90% ethanol containing 0.21% (v/v) hydrochloric acid. With regard to purification, anthocyanin purity increased 19.1-fold. Nine fractions were identified as the glycosides of delphinidin, cyanidin, petunidin, and malvidin. The biological activities of the blueberry anthocyanin extract were improved through extraction and purification. Compared with BFS and BCE, BRE had a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity ( EC50 = 0.51 mg/mL), ABTS antioxidant capacity ( EC50 = 0.32 mg/mL), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (0.43 mmol Trolox/g). Furthermore, BRE (2 mg/mL) showed a maximum of 84.64 ± 0.35% reduction in the biofilm biomass of Listeria monocytogenes and the inhibition zone given by BRE against Escherichia coli was 16.04 ± 0.38 mm. BRE showed the highest antioxidant capacities and obvious antibacterial effects against foodrelated microorganisms than the other samples. Therefore, BRE can be used as a natural antioxidant and antibacterial agent and has potential health advantages and food industry applications.