http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Shu-Mei Liu,Hung-Ru Lin,Frank L. Lu,Tzu-Ying Lee 한국간호과학회 2014 Asian Nursing Research Vol.8 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this project was to explore the parental experience of making a “do not resuscitate” (DNR) decision for their child who is or was cared for in a pediatric intensive care unit in Taiwan. Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted following parental signing of a standard hospital DNR form on behalf of their critically ill child. Sixteen Taiwanese parents of 11 children aged 1 month to 18 years were interviewed. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, analyzed and sorted into themes by the sole interviewer plus other researchers. Results: Three major themes were identified: (a) “convincing points to sign”, (b) “feelings immediately after signing”, and (c) “postsigning relief or regret”. Feelings following signing the DNR form were mixed and included “frustration”, “guilt”, and “conflicting hope”. Parents adjusted their attitudes to thoughts such as “I have done my best,” and “the child’s life is beyond my control.” Some parents whose child had died before the time of the interview expressed among other things “regret not having enough time to be with and talk to my child”. Conclusion: Open family visiting hours plus staff sensitivity and communication skills training are needed. To help parents with this difficult signing process, nurses and other professionals in the pediatric intensive care unit need education on initiating the conversation, guiding the parents in expressing their fears, and providing continuing support to parents and children throughout the child’s end of life process.
Heat dissipation in high-power semiconductor lasers with heat pipe cooling system
Shili Shu,Guanyu Hou,Lijie Wang,Sicong Tian,Leonid L. Vassiliev,Cunzhu Tong 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.6
This study focuses on the application of heat pipes in thermal management for high-power semiconductor lasers. The heat pipe cooling systems are used for heat dissipation in high-power semiconductor lasers. These systems are used instead of water cooling machines to realize a compact and lightweight laser module. The n-shaped heat pipe cooling system, which consists of eight 6 mm copper heat pipes with sintered powder wicks, can easily handle a heat load of up to 73 W from a single-laser unit. The fabricated U-shaped heat pipe cooling system, which consists of ten 12 mm copper heat pipes with sintered powder wicks, can easily handle a heat load of up to 300 W from five laser units. The optical power of the multi-laser module cooled by the U-shaped heat pipe cooling system reaches 210 W. These results indicate that high-power semiconductor lasers can be cooled using heat pipe cooling systems instead of water cooling machines.
Liqi Shu,Adam de Havenon,Ava L. Liberman,Nils Henninger,Eric Goldstein,Michael E. Reznik,Ali Mahta,Fawaz Al-Mufti,Jennifer Frontera,Karen Furie,Shadi Yaghi 대한뇌졸중학회 2023 Journal of stroke Vol.25 No.1
Background and Purpose Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a life-threatening complication of stroke. We evaluated nationwide rates and risk factors for hospital readmissions with VTE after an intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization. Methods Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Nationwide Readmission Database, we included patients with a principal discharge diagnosis of ICH or AIS from 2016 to 2019. Patients who had VTE diagnosis or history of VTE during the index admission were excluded. We performed Cox regression models to determine factors associated with VTE readmission, compared rates between AIS and ICH and developed post-stroke VTE risk score. We estimated VTE readmission rates per day over a 90-day time window post-discharge using linear splines. Results Of the total 1,459,865 patients with stroke, readmission with VTE as the principal diagnosis within 90 days occurred in 0.26% (3,407/1,330,584) AIS and 0.65% (843/129,281) ICH patients. The rate of VTE readmission decreased within first 4–6 weeks (P<0.001). In AIS, cancer, obesity, higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, longer hospital stay, home or rehabilitation disposition, and absence of atrial fibrillation were associated with VTE readmission. In ICH, longer hospital stay and rehabilitation disposition were associated with VTE readmission. The VTE rate was higher in ICH compared to AIS (adjusted hazard ratio 2.86, 95% confidence interval 1.93–4.25, P<0.001). Conclusions After stroke, VTE readmission risk is highest within the first 4–6 weeks and nearly three-fold higher after ICH vs. AIS. VTE risk is linked to decreased mobility and hypercoagulability. Studies are needed to test short-term VTE prophylaxis beyond hospitalization in high-risk patients.
Michelle L. Baglia,Yong Cui,Tao Zheng,Gong Yang,Honglan Li,Mingrong You,Liling Xu,Harvey Murff,Yu-Tang Gao,Wei Zheng,Yong-Bing Xiang,Xiao-Ou Shu 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.2
Purpose Studies suggest that regular use of metformin may decrease cancer mortality. We investigated the association between diabetes medication use and cancer survival. Materials and Methods The current study includes 633 breast, 890 colorectal, 824 lung, and 543 gastric cancer cases identified from participants of two population-based cohort studies in Shanghai. Information on diabetes medication use was obtained by linking to electronic medical records. The associations between diabetes medication use (metformin, sulfonylureas, and insulin) and overall and cancer-specific survival were evaluated using time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models. Results After adjustment for clinical characteristics and treatment factors, use of metformin was associated with better overall survival among colorectal cancer patients (hazards ratio [HR], 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34 to 0.88) and for all four types of cancer combined (HR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.98). Ever use of insulin was associated with worse survival for all cancer types combined (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.57 to 2.29) and for the four cancer types individually. Similar associations were seen for diabetic patients. Sulfonylureas use was associated with worse overall survival for breast or gastric cancer (HR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.22 to 6.80 and HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.84, respectively) among diabetic patients. Similar association patterns were observed between diabetes medication use and cancer-specific survival. Conclusion Metformin was associated with improved survival among colorectal cancer cases, while insulin use was associated with worse survival among patients of four major cancers. Further investigation on the topic is needed given the potential translational impact of these findings.
ITARS: trust-aware recommender system using implicit trust networks
Yuan, W,Shu, L,Chao, H.-C,Guan, D,Lee, Y.-K,Lee, S IET 2010 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.4 No.14
<P>Trust-aware recommender system (TARS) suggests the worthwhile information to the users on the basis of trust. Existing works of TARS suffers from the problem that they need extra user efforts to label the trust statements. The authors propose a novel model named iTARS to improve the existing TARS by using the implicit trust networks: instead of using the effort-consuming explicit trust, the easy available user similarity information is used to generate the implicit trusts for TARS. Further analysis shows that the implicit trust network has the small-world topology, which is independent of its dynamics. The rating prediction mechanism of iTARS is based on the small worldness of the implicit trust network: the authors set the maximum trust propagation distance of iTARS approximately equals the average path length of the trust network's corresponding random network. Experimental results show that with the same computational complexity, iTARS is able to improve the existing TARS works with higher rating prediction accuracy and slightly worse rating prediction coverage.</P>