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Morphological traits of stem to indirect selection of resistance to lodging in Avena sativa L
Silveira Diógenes Cecchin,Basso Simone Meredith Scheffer,Ebone Luciano Antônio,Caverzan Andréia,Machado Juliana Medianeira,Schaeffer Afonso Henrique,Folchini Jessica Aneris,Lângaro Nadia Canali 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1
The runout of newly cultivated areas in the world without recurring to the deforestation, demand a necessity to improve yield to sustain a growth population which demands each time more food. To avoid that is necessary to solve the main issues which cause crop productivity reduction, such as lodging which causes yield reduction in many major crops such as wheat, barley, rice and oat. In this sense, a study with eight cultivars evaluated morphological traits of the stem as crown diameter, internal and external diameter of the frst four basal internodes, the length of internodes, peduncle and panicle, plant height, and also lodging resistance factor (cLr), green and dry panicle matter. The diameter of the crown does not show diferences among the cultivars, the morphological characters which showed correlation and relative contribution with cLr were the internal and external internodes diameters, showing their capacity to be one of morphological traits of the stem to an indirect selection of resistance to lodging in Avena sativa L. The length did not show a good correlation with lodging, probably due to the fact that this trait was the focus of breeders for many years, reaching the plateau, demanding focus in other traits to avoid lodging such as interna and external diameter of internodes. The cultivar URS Brava and IPR Afrodite demonstrated to be a source of lodging resistance in oat.
Low-intensity training provokes adaptive extracellular matrix turnover of a muscular dystrophy model
Thaís P. Gaiad,Murilo X. Oliveira,Adalfredo R. Lobo-Jr.,Lívia R. Libório,Priscilla A.F. Pinto,Danielle C. Fernandes,Ana Paula Santos,Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio,Alex Sander D. Machado 한국운동재활학회 2017 JER Vol.13 No.6
A comparative experimental–theoretical study on elastic electron scattering by methane
Cho, H,Park, Y S,y Castro, E A,de Souza, G L C,Iga, I,Machado, L E,Brescansin, L M,Lee, M-T IOP Pub 2008 Journal of physics B, Atomic, molecular, and optic Vol.41 No.4
<P>Absolute differential cross sections for elastic electron scattering by methane have been measured at six incident electron energies between 5 and 100 eV and over scattering angles between 10° and 180°, using a crossed-beam electron spectrometer combined with a magnetic angle-changing device to extend the measurements to backward angles (125°–180°). Differential, integral and momentum-transfer cross sections are also calculated and reported for these energies. A complex optical potential was used to represent the electron–molecule interaction dynamics. The iterative Schwinger variational method combined with the distorted-wave approximation was used to solve the scattering equations. The comparison between our calculated and measured results, as well as with other experimental and theoretical data available in the literature, is encouraging.</P>
Distributed and Nonsteady-State Model of an Air Cooler Working with R22 and R410A
R. O. Nunes,L. F. N. Castro,L. Machado,R. N. N. Koury 대한설비공학회 2016 International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.24 No.2
The restrictions imposed by Montreal Protocol for use of CFCs fluids and Kyoto Protocol to HCFCs have motivated researchers and the industry to seek new alternatives. Within this context, R410A has emerged as one of the most likely replacement of R22. The purpose of this work is to develop a numerical model of an air cooler to simulate its behavior operating under dynamic conditions loaded with R22 or R410A refrigerant. The model divides the air cooler in volumes control in which mass, energy, and momentum balance equations are applied and solved. Theoretical data obtained by model simulations repeated tendencies observed in experimental data taken from literature. Model simulations have also shown that for a step change in the inlet refrigerant mass flow, the superheating response of air cooler is almost the same when it is working with R22 or R410A refrigerant.
Autologous processed plasma: cytokine profile and effects upon injection into healthy equine joints
Juliana J. Moreira,Ana Paula L. Moraes,Patrícia M. Brossi,Thaís S.L. Machado,Yara M. Michelacci,Cristina O. Massoco,Raquel Y.A. Baccarin 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.1
This experimental controlled study was performed to evaluate the composition of autologous processed plasma (APP), and the effects of APPintra-articular injection into healthy equine metacarpophalangeal joints. The effects on joints were analysed with a short-phase protocol anda prolonged-phase protocol using saline-injected joints as controls. For the short protocol, horses received one intra-articular APP injection. Synovial fluid samples were collected prior to the injection and 3, 6, 24, 48, and 16 h after treatment. For the prolonged protocol, the jointsreceived three weekly injections of APP, and samples were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days before APP administration. IL1-ra level wasfound to be increased in APP compared to plasma. Upon intra-articular administration of APP, transient (up to 24 h) increases in white bloodcell (WBC) counts along with elevated protein and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations were observed in the treated joints. Over the 28-dayobservation period, APP did not elicit changes relative to baseline levels, but WBC counts, PGE2 and chondroitin sulphate concentrationswere lower than those found in the control. In conclusion, APP intra-articular injection induced a mild and transitory inflammatory responsebut no inflammation reaction was observed over a longer period of treatment and observation.
Sustainability of kraft pulp mills: Bleaching technologies and sequences with reduced water use
A.M. Sousa,I.S.S. Pinto,L. Machado,L. Gando-Ferreira,M.J. Quina 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.125 No.-
The Kraft pulp industry is a relevant industrial sector in many countries with a considerable social, economic,and environmental impact. Thus, sustainability is the adequate framework to address this activitysector. This work presents a review of the literature, with a particular focus on the bleaching area and itsrelevance in reducing water use. The sustainability reports of the most prominent pulp and paper companieswere analyzed, considering their specific water utilization and the sustainability targets they haveoutlined. The most industrially applied bleaching sequences were also addressed and the stages of thestate-of-the-art sequences were analyzed (elemental chlorine free – ECF bleaching). Moreover, in thisreview, a detailed analysis of a sequence used on an industrial scale was carried out, highlighting thewashing steps and the measures that are taken to minimize water use. The main limitations to the minimizationof water use were identified, being deposit formation the major problem. Measures to overcomethese limitations, as well as future perspectives were discussed. Due to the shortage offreshwater nearby some pulp and paper production sites, there will continue to be great pressure inthe future to reduce water utilization, especially in the bleaching area.
Carolina R. Barbosa,Gabriel H. Machado,Hugo M. Azevedo,Fernando S. Rocha,José C. Filho,Arielly A. Pereira,Otávio L. Rocha 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.3
In this work, solidification and T6-heat treatment experiments were performed with the Al7Si0.3Mg alloy in order to investigatethe effect of processes parameters on the microstructure and microhardness (HV). A directional solidification devicewas used, and the solidification thermal parameters investigated were the growth and cooling rates (VL and TR). The heattreatment applied was the T6 (T6-HT), under the following conditions: solution treatment for 3 h at 520 ± 2 °C, followed byquenching in warm water (70 ± 20 °C), aging for 1, 2, 3 and 4 h at 155 ± 2 °C and air-cooling. The microstructure observedin both as-cast and T6-heat treated samples is composed of a primary phase consisting of an Al-rich dendritic network andsecondary eutectic phases, located within the interdendritic regions, formed by Si and Mg2Siparticles and Fe-intermetallicphases. The dendritic microstructure was characterized by secondary dendritic spacing (λ2) and, for both investigated samples,a single mathematical expression was proposed on the λ2 dependence with the position in the ingot. Spheroidized-likeeutectic Si particles have been found in both analyzed samples for finer microstructures. Elements quantitative and qualitativemicroanalysis by SEM/EDS as well as HV measurement at the dendritic and interdendritic regions attest to the effectivenessof the T6-heat treatment. It is highlighted in this work that mathematical expressions have been proposed to characterizethe HV dependence on aging time.
Olivares-Palma, S.M.,Meale, S.J.,Pereira, L.G.R.,Machado, F.S.,Carneiro, H.,Lopes, F.C.F.,Mauricio, R.M.,Chaves, Alex V. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2013 Animal Bioscience Vol.26 No.8
Following the extraction of oil for biodiesel production, oilseed press cakes are high in fat. As the dietary supplementation of fat is currently considered the most promising strategy of consistently depressing methanogenesis, it follows that oilseed press cakes may have a similar potential for $CH_4$ abatement. As such, this study aimed to characterise the nutritive value of several oilseed press cakes, glycerine and soybean meal (SBM) and to examine their effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation, digestion kinetics and $CH_4$ production. Moringa press oil seeds exhibited the greatest in sacco effective degradability (ED) of DM and CP (p<0.05). In vitro gas production (ml/g digested DM) was not affected (p = 0.70) by supplement at 48 h of incubation. In vitro DMD was increased with the supplementation of glycerine and SBM at all levels of inclusion. Moringa oilseed press cakes produced the lowest $CH_4$ (mg/g digested DM) at 6 and 12 h of incubation (p<0.05). The findings suggest that moringa oilseed press cake at 400 g/kg DM has the greatest potential of the oilseed press cakes examined in this study, to reduce $CH_4$ production, without adversely affecting nutrient degradability.
Cíntia De Lorenzo,Caroline P. de Andrade,Verônica S. L. Machado,Matheus V. Bianchi,Veronica M. Rolim,Raquel A. S. Cruz,David Driemeier 대한수의학회 2018 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.19 No.1
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes diarrhea in pigs, referred to as colibacillosis. The aim of this study was to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses of paraffin-embedded material to detect pathogenic E. coli strains causing colibacillosis in pigs. Multiplex PCR was optimized for fimbriae (F18, F4, F6, F5, and F41) and toxins (types A and B heat-stable toxins [STaP and STb], heat-labile toxin [LT], and type 2 Shiga toxin [STx2e]), and IHC was optimized for an anti-E. coli polyclonal antibody. Samples (132) from pigs received between 2006 and 2014 with clinical and histopathological diagnoses of colibacillosis were analyzed. E. coli was detected by IHC in 78.7%, and at least one virulence factor gene was detected in 71.2%. Pathogenic strains of ETEC with at least one fimbria and one toxin were detected in 40% of the samples in multiplex PCR. The most frequent virulence types were F18-STaP (7.5%), F18-STaP-STb (5.7%), and F4-STaP (3.8%). A statistically significant association was noted between virulence factors F4, F18, STaP, and STb and positive immunostaining results. Colibacillosis diagnosis through multiplex PCR and IHC of paraffin-embedded tissues is a practical approach, as samples can be fixed and stored for long periods before analysis.