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Jin-kyu Seo,Hyeon-woong Yum,Gap-don Kim,Jin-yeon Jeong,Han-sul Yang 한국축산식품학회 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.4
This study investigates the effect of bovine heart surimi-like material (BHSM) used as a back fat replacer, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of frankfurter-type sausages. Frankfurter-type sausage with added BHSM had a higher moisture content and lower fat content than the control. In addition, the samples with added BHSM had higher pH, cooking loss and 2-thiobarbituric acidreactive substance (TBARS) value and lower water exudation than the control. The sausage formulation with 40% BHSM was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation without affecting cooking loss compared to the 60% BHSM treatment sample. Results showed that hardness values increased upon replacement with BHSM, and sausages manufactured with 40% BHSM had higher lightness and lower redness values. Panelists found there were no differences in color, odor, and tenderness scores and the overall acceptability score found that treatment samples containing 20% and 40% BHSM were preferable to the control after storage for 14 d. These results indicate that fat replacement with BHSM was beneficial to the quality of frankfurter-type sausages, and acceptable reduced-fat products can be produced when back fat is replaced with up to 40% BHSM.
Seo, Jin-Kyu,Yum, Hyeon-Woong,Kim, Gap-Don,Jeong, Jin-Yeon,Yang, Han-Sul Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2016 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.36 No.4
This study investigates the effect of bovine heart surimi-like material (BHSM) used as a back fat replacer, on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of frankfurter-type sausages. Frankfurter-type sausage with added BHSM had a higher moisture content and lower fat content than the control. In addition, the samples with added BHSM had higher pH, cooking loss and 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) value and lower water exudation than the control. The sausage formulation with 40% BHSM was more effective in delaying lipid oxidation without affecting cooking loss compared to the 60% BHSM treatment sample. Results showed that hardness values increased upon replacement with BHSM, and sausages manufactured with 40% BHSM had higher lightness and lower redness values. Panelists found there were no differences in color, odor, and tenderness scores and the overall acceptability score found that treatment samples containing 20% and 40% BHSM were preferable to the control after storage for 14 d. These results indicate that fat replacement with BHSM was beneficial to the quality of frankfurter-type sausages, and acceptable reduced-fat products can be produced when back fat is replaced with up to 40% BHSM.
상향류식 바이오비드 공법을 이용한 오,폐수 처리특성 및 부착 생물막의 형태적 특징
염규진 ( Kyu Jin Yum ),이정훈 ( Jeong Hun Lee ),김선미 ( Sun Mi Kim ),최원석 ( Weon Seok Choi ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.2
The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment efficiency, kinetics, and morphological characteristics of biofilm in upflow Biobead^ⓡ process, a kind of biological aerated filter(BAF). The Biobead^?? system showed high removal rates of COD_Mn, (76∼83%), BOD_5(67∼88%) and SS(71∼91%) for food wastewater with high salt concentration (>4,000㎎/ℓ) under short reaction times(2∼3hrs). Even at aerobic condition, the system had high treatment efficiency for both T-N (51∼63%) and T-P(62∼81%). The removal kinetics of COD_Mn, BOD_5, T-N, T-P, and Cl^- in the Biobead^?? system showed a plug-flow pattern with reaction rate constants(hr^-1) of 0.58, 0.63, 0,30, 0.48, and 0.38 respectively. A backwashing process to remove excess biomass and filtered solids was needed at least once during 22-hour operation at 0.5kg BOD m^-3·d^-1 loading. At the higher loading(1.0kg BOD m^-3·d^-1) the backwashing interval was shorten by 8 hours. The COD, BOD, T-N, and T-P were removed from 43 to 66% only by aerobic biodegradation. The SS was removed over 70% by the filtering of Biobead^?? media in the treatment system. The first one of three serial Biobead reactors showed the highest removal values for COD_α(52.3%), COD_Mn(38.8%), BOD(62.5%), and T-N(40.0%). The SS and T-P had the highest removal values(47.5% and 29.2%) at the second one of the serial reactors. The biofilm had non-homogeneous spatial distribution and the colonies were embedded in the sunk area of the Biobead. The thickness of the biofilm was very thin (5.0∼29.4㎛) compared to the biofilm thickness(200∼300㎛) used in other BAF systems
Yum, Seungjib,An, Tae Kyu,Wang, Xiaowei,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Xu, Shuhao,Ryu, Hwasook,Kim, Yu Jin,Hwang, Sungu,Park, Chan Eon,Woo, Han Young De Gruyter 2014 Pure and Applied Chemistry Vol.86 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A series of thienothiophene-benzotriazole-based semicrystalline copolymers,<B>PTTBTz</B>,<B>PTTBTz-F</B>, and<B>PTTBTz-OR</B>, were synthesized by considering chain linearity, planarity and inter-chain packing by virtue of non-covalent attractive interaction. Fluorine and alkoxy substituents were introduced to modulate the intra- and inter-chain coulombic interactions and crystalline ordering. The fluorine and alkoxy-substituted<B>PTTBTz-F</B>and<B>PTTBTz-OR</B>showed pronounced inter-chain packing with edge-on orientation confirmed by UV-vis absorption and X-ray diffraction measurements. The well-resolved diffraction patterns were obtained for<B>PTTBTz-F</B>and<B>PTTBTz-OR</B>, showing (100)∼(500) inter-lamellar scattering peaks (d-spacing, 17∼18 Å) in the out-of-plane direction and a π-π stacking peak (d-spacing, 3.5∼4.1 Å) in the in-plane direction. Organic field effect transistor (OFET) devices were fabricated with a bottom gate and top contact geometry.<B>PTTBTz-F</B>(<I>μ</I><SUB>h</SUB>= 4.49 × 10<SUP>-2</SUP>cm<SUP>2</SUP>V<SUP>-1</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>, on/off ratio = 1.13 × 10<SUP>7</SUP>) and<B>PTTBTz-OR</B>(<I>μ</I><SUB>h</SUB>= 8.39 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP>cm<SUP>2</SUP>V<SUP>-1</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP>, on/off ratio = 2.98 × 10<SUP>4</SUP>) showed nearly 3 and 2 orders of magnitude higher hole mobility upon annealing at 305 and 260 °C, with compared to the unsubstituted<B>PTTBTz</B>.</P>
Yum, Eul Kgun,Park, Woul Seong,Kim, Se Hoan,Kang, Seung Kyu,Kim, Sung Soo,Ahn, Jin Hee The Chemical Society of Japan 2008 Chemistry letters Vol.37 No.10
<P>Palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of 2-bromo-3-phenylindenones in various alcoholic solvents afforded diverse alkyl 1-oxo-3-phenyl-1<I>H</I>-indene-2-carboxylates in high yields.</P>
Yum, Seungjib,An, Tae Kyu,Wang, Xiaowei,Lee, Wonho,Uddin, Mohammad Afsar,Kim, Yu Jin,Nguyen, Thanh Luan,Xu, Shuhao,Hwang, Sungu,Park, Chan Eon,Woo, Han Young American Chemical Society 2014 Chemistry of materials Vol.26 No.6
<P>We report a series of benzotriazole-based semicrystalline π-conjugated polymers with noncovalent conformational locks for applications in polymer field-effect transistors. The benzotriazole moiety is a versatile electron-deficient building block that offers two chemically functionalizable sites, 2(N) and 5, 6(C) positions, allowing easy modulation of the solution processability and electronic structures of the resulting polymers. Fluorine or alkoxy substituents were introduced to the benzotriazole unit to enhance the molecular ordering through intra- and intermolecular F···S, F···H–C, C–F···π<SUB>F</SUB>, or S···O attractive interactions. The fluorinated polymer (<B>PTBTz-F</B>) showed remarkably enhanced hole mobility (μ<SUB>h</SUB> = 1.9 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V·s), on/off ratio = 8 × 10<SUP>7</SUP>) upon thermal annealing at 305 °C, compared to the unsubstituted one (<B>PTBTz</B>) (μ<SUB>h</SUB> = 7.0 × 10<SUP>–3</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V·s), on/off ratio = 3 × 10<SUP>6</SUP>). Alkoxy unit substitution (<B>PTBTz-OR</B>) also improved the carrier mobility up to 0.019 cm<SUP>2</SUP>/(V·s) with an on/off ratio of 4 × 10<SUP>5</SUP>. Fluorine or alkoxy substitution induced tight interchain ordering with edge-on orientation, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction measurements. In particular, fluorinated <B>PTBTz-F</B> showed high thermal stability (<I>T</I><SUB>d</SUB> 453 °C) and the remarkable device characteristics with deep frontier orbital levels.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cmatex/2014/cmatex.2014.26.issue-6/cm4042346/production/images/medium/cm-2013-042346_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cm4042346'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
〈기술논문〉차량용 에어컨필터 교환시점 알림 시스템 & 과농도 먼지 차단 시스템
이규세(Kyu-Se Lee),변성욱(Seong-Uk Byeon),김영민(Yeong-Min Kim),박성우(Sung-Woo Park),염영진(Young-Jin Yum) 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
Replacement period for vehicle cabin filter of most automobiles is fixed without consideration of conditions of filter and environment. Auto alarm system of replacement period at vehicle cabin filter and interception system of high concentration dust were developed. Control program which is related with the AQS has been developed based on the circuit drive algorithm. This system is expected to be beneficial to passenger's health and to extend the life of the filter which regulates vehicle HVAC system by ventilation mode change at the time of high concentration dust.
각성상태하에서 굴곡성내시경을 이용한 경비 및 경구 기관내 삽관시 혈압, 맥박, 심박축량의 변화
박진규,임영진,이국현,염광원,박재현 대한마취과학회 1991 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.24 No.3
To evaluate the clinical usefulness of fiberoptic intubation, we recorded the changes of arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output during fiberoptic nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation, while measuring the time taken for the intubation procedure. Anesthesia of pharynx was achieved by oral gargling of 10 ml of 4% lidocaine, and for nasotracheal intubation, nasal mucosa was anesthetized by application of 4% cocaine usirig cotton-tipped swabs. Anesthesia of the larynx and trachea was done by superior laryngeal nerve block with 6 ml of 2% lidocaine, and translaryngeal injection with 4% lidocaine by cricothyroid membrane puncture. After sedation with intravenous diazepam and fentanyl, awake fiberoptic (n=32) or orotracheal intubation (n=18) was performed on the patients (ASA class 1 or 2) in whom difficult intubation was expected. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate and cardiac output did not change significantly during intubation procedure, nor were these values significantly different between nasotracheal and orotracheal intubation group. The time taken by intubation procedure were compared, and there was no significant difference between two groups. In postoperative interviews, a few (3/28) patients complained discom-forts. It could be concluded that under approapriate anesthesia and sedation, awake fiberoptic nasotracheal or orotracheal intubation is a safe and useful approach producing minimal cardiovascular changes and discomforts.