전두엽 기능장애를 동반하는 알쯔하이머병은 보통의 알쯔하이머병과 구분될 수 있는가?

이재홍,류경희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.1

Background:Some Alzheimer's patients exhibit frontal lobe dysfunction early in the course of the disease. We compared this subgroup of Alzheimer's disease(AD) with usual AD to see if there is any neuropsychological or anatomical differentiation. Methods:Twenty patients diagnosed with probable AD using NINCDS-ADRDA criteria underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test (Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery), neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), and brain MRI. All patients were supposed to be in the early stage of dementia and their clinical dementia rating (CDR) score belonged to either 0.5 or 1. The presence of frontal dysfunction was defined when more than 2 of the 6 test categories were abnormal. Brain MRI was reviewed with regard to the severity of associated leukoaraiosis. Results:Eleven patients belonged to "AD with frontal dysfunction" group, whereas 9 belonged to "AD without frontal dysfunction"group. There were no group differences in the age, CDR score, education level, NPI score, and associated leukoaraiosis on MRI. Mini-Mental State Exam score was lower in the frontal group than in the usual AD group (21.2 vs. 24.9). With respect to neuropsychological performance, naming (p=0.005) and calculation (p=0.04) were significantly impaired in the frontal group than in the usual AD group. There was also a difference in digit span and delayed verbal recall. Conclusion:AD patients with frontal dysfunction tend to show a more severe cognitive impairment with some of the cognitive functions preferentially affected. This study suggests that AD with early involvement of frontal function may be a neuropsychologically distinct subgroup of Alzheimer's disease. Further longitudinal study is warranted to look at whether these patients are a clinically identifiable subgroup of AD.

前腕部 經穴 取穴에서 骨度分寸法과 一夫法의 比較 硏究

박히준,채윤병,차웅석,박종배,이혜정,이향숙,인창식,고형균,김수영,최일환,김강식,문정배,배기태,유경환,육근영,정병주,손인철,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Background : The cun measurement System, an essential and convenient method in locating acupoints, has been widely used in the practice of acupuncture. However, traditional cun measurement has been criticized for its lack of reliability. Objectives : The purposes of this study are to determine if one cun measured by the directional methods have a consistency with that of proportional methods and to investigate which factors are related with these differences, especially in forearm. Methods : The distance between the elbow crease and the wrist crease of forearm was compared to a reference value of one cun obtained by the directional method. In this method, one cun is one third of the distance between index finger and Small finger of a subject, measured at proximal interphalangeal joint. In addition, to investigate the factors influencing the differences between these two methods, we measured the height and body weight and calculated body mass index (BMI). Finally we analyzed the factors correlated with these lengths by linear regression test. Results : The results showed that one cun obtained by the directional methods were significantly different from one cun by the proportional methods in forearm. It was demonstrated that the length acquired with the directional method was more correlated with body weight and body mass index, while the length obtained by the proportional method was more correlated with the height.

인체 간 Microsome에서의 우슬 추출물의 Cytochrome P450 약물 대사효소에 대한 억제작용

김경아,이지숙,박히준,김진우,김창주,심인섭,한승무,임사비나 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective : Achyranthes bidentata radix (Usul) has been used as anti-arthritic, antiallergic, antidiuretic and so on Recently extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have shown anti-inflammatory and cancer preventive effects in vitro and in vivo. Methods : We therefore evaluated the inhibitory potential of ehtanol extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix on cytochrome P450(CYP) isoforms-catalyzecd reactions, which relate to causes of cancer and inflammation, including CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2E1, CYP2D6, CYP2C8, and CYP3A4, using human liver microsomal preparations. Results : The extracts showed weak or negligible inhibitory effects on CYP2C9-catalyzed (S)-warfarin 7-hydroxylation, CYP2C19-catalyzed S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylation, and CYP2D6-catalyzed dextromethorphan O-demethylation with each IC50 over 1750 g/㎖, respectively. However, it showed relatively significant inhibitory effect on CYP1A2-catalyzed phenacetin O-deethylation and CYP2E1-catalyzed chloizoxazone 6-hydroxylation with IC50s of 970.5 g/㎖ and 821.4 g/㎖, respectively. Conclusions : These results suggest that extracts of Achyranthes bidentata radix have inhibitory effects on CYP-catalyzed reactions, expeciallyCYP1A2 and CYP2E1, in human liver microsomes. These effects appear to relate to anti-inflammatory and cancer prevention following decrease of reactive oxygen species formed by CYP, especially CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, by Achyranthes bidentata radix. However, further evaluation is necessary to demonstrate and to confirm its effects in human.

老年期女性의 背面彎曲度 減少效果를 爲한 衣服디자인 硏究

金泰京,李京姬,朴正順 한국의류학회 1990 한국의류학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The author has studied the effect of clothes design to mask the dorsal curvature that is one of the commonest changes in elderly women. Body measurements including the body type and the status of dorsal curvature were performed on 153 women of over 60 years of age, and then a body form to fit to the mean measurements was made to evaluate the effects of various designs to it. With 31 pattern designs modified by changing in their slash lines and gathers using darts, the diminishing effect of the rounded back were evaluated by means of sensory test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: I. Results from the body measurements 1) The mean body type in elderly women was that of obesity. 2) With the advancement of age, the angle to indicate the degree of dorsal curvature as well as the angle to indicate the posture are increased. II. Concerning to the clothes design to diminish the shape of dorsal curvature 1) Among the designs by the position of darts, the basic pattern (Fig. 5-1-①) showed the best effect to mask the shape of dorsal curvature. 2) Out of the applied designs of princess lines, that in which the slash line is pointing toward the shoulder point (Fig. 5-2-①) seemed to be most effective. 3) What has angled princess line (Fig. 5-3-①) had the most diminishing effect among the waist darts and armhole princess lines. 4) Among the V-shaped designs, the slashed at the shoulder point (Fig. 5-4-①) had the best effect to lessen the shape of the dorsal curvature. 5) Wider angle yoke had better effect to the narrow angle one among the designs with straight yoke, and that with downward direction (Fig. 5-5-①) showed the best effect. 6) Between straight wide angle yoke and curved yoke, that of curved one with downward direction (Fig. 5-6-①) had better effect as far as the masking effect of dorsal curvature is concerned. 7) Gathers around the neck showed better effect to those around the shoulder, and the more amount of gathers (Fig. 5-7-①), there was better effect. 8) The design with midline gathers at the level of horizontal slash line of armhole (Fig. 5-8-①) showed better effect to that with seperated gathers. 9) In case of design with gathers at the horizontal line of armhole, it showed the better effect with less amount of gathers in midline ones, but with more amount in the side ones. 10) Considering all 7 different designs with better effect in covering the shape of dorsal curvature, it was evident that the design with gathers was far better than the design with application of slash lines.

Biochemical Characteristics of S-adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase from Garnation(Dianthus caryophyllus L.) Petals

Lee, Myeong Min,Nam, Kyoung Hee,Lee, Eun Kyoung,Lee, Sun Hi,Lee, Ky Young 한국식물학회 1997 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.40 No.2

We have partially purified S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50, SAMDC) from carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) petals and generated polyclonal antibodies against CSDC 16 protein (Lee et al., 1996) overexpressed in E. coli. The protein has been purified approximately 126.8 fold through the steps involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. Its molecular mass was 42 kDa in native form and we could also detect a band of 32 kDa molecular mass on SDS-PAGE in western blot analysis using the polyclonal antibodies. The Km value of this enzyme for S-adenosylmethionine was 26.3 μM. The optimum temperature and pH for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity were 35℃ and pH 8.0, respectively. Putrescine and Mg^(2+) had no effects on the activation of the enzyme activity. Mg^(2+) did not have any significant effects on the enzyme activity. SAMDC activity was inhibited by putrescine, spermidine and spermine. Methylglyoxal bis-(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG), carbonyl reagents such as hydroxylamine and phenylhydrazine, and sulfhydryl reagent such as 5,5'-dithio-bis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were effective inhibitors of the enzyme. However, isonicotinic acid hydrazide known as an inhibitor of 5'-pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent enzyme activity had no significant effect on the enzyme activity. These results and our previously reported results (Lee et al., 1997b) suggest that S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase is a heterodimer αβ, and some carbonyl group and sulfhydryl group are involved in the catalytic activity.

Defining the Nature of Online Chat in Relation to Speech and Writing

Lee, Hi-Kyoung The English Teachers Association in Korea 2006 영어어문교육 Vol.12 No.2

Style is considered a pivotal construct in sociolinguistic variation studies. While previous studies have examined style in traditional forms of language such as speech, very little research has examined new and emerging styles such as computer-mediated discourse. Thus, the present study attempts to investigate style in the online communication mode of chat. In so doing, the study compares text-based online chat with speech and writing. Online chat has been previously described as a hybrid form of language that is close to speech. Here, the exact nature of online chat is elucidated by focusing on contraction use. Differential acquisition of stylistic variation is also examined according to English learning background. The empirical component consists of data from Korean speakers of English. Data is taken from a written summary, an oral interview, and a text-based online chat session. A multivariate analysis was conducted. Results indicate that online chat is indeed a hybrid form that is difficult to delineate from speech and writing. Text-based online chat shows a somewhat similar rate of contraction to speech, which confirms its hybridity.. Lastly, some implications of the study are given in terms of the learning and acquisition of style in general and in online contextual modes.

The Variable Acquisition of Discourse Marker Use in Korean American Speakers of English

Lee, Hi-Kyoung The English Teachers Association in Korea 2005 영어어문교육 Vol.11 No.2

This study is a preliminary investigation of the nature of discourse marker acquisition in Korean American speakers of English. Discourse markers are of interest because they are not an aspect of language taught through formal instruction either to native or non-native speakers. Therefore, discourse marker use serves as indirect evidence of face-to-face interaction with native speakers and an indicator of integration. In this light, the present study examines the presence of discourse markers in Korean Americans. The markers chosen for analysis were you know, like, and I mean. The data consist of spontaneous speech elicited from interviews. Sociolinguistic variables such as age, sex, and generation (i.e., $1^{st}$, 1.5, $2^{nd}$) were examined. Results show that there appears to be interaction between the variables and discourse marker use. While all speakers showed variable acquisition of markers, younger, female, and 1.5 generation speakers were found to use discourse markers more than other speakers. Although discourse marker use is optional and thus not a linguistic feature that must be necessarily acquired, it is clear that use is pervasive and acquired differentially by English speakers irrespective of whether they are native or not.

신장 이식 후 발생한 골수 이형성 증후군 1예

이철우,이현아,박민선,김진국,김원배,이희발,황승덕,이유경,강문수,추원석 대한신장학회 1999 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.18 No.1

A 44-year-old man treated with azathioprine, cyclosporine and prednisolone for 7.5 years after allogeneic renal transplantation was admitted because of exertional dyspnea, fatigue and pancytopenia which were found 3 months ago. He had been on hemodialysis for renal failure of unknown cause for 8 months before the renal transplantation. Bone marrow examination showed hypercellularity, erythroid hyperplasia and 7% of myeloblast, consistent with the diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndrome. Cytogenetic study showed chromosomal abnormalities:deletion of chromosome 5, monosomy 7, trisomy 8, monosomy 14 and deletion of chromosome 17. Immunosuppressive agents were discontinued and he was treated with transfusion, G-CSF, and combination chemotherapy including topotecan and Ara-C. Graft kidney function was normal before and after the treatment, but the clinical course was fatal because of leukemic transformation and eventually sepsis. Although therapy induced myelodysplastic syndrome was rare in renal allograft recipients, thorough evaluations including bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic study are recommended in patients with anemia of unknown etiology.

과반사성 신경인성 방광 환자에서의 지주막하 차단 효과

이자경,한종인,이춘희,이귀용,정락경,이청기 대한마취과학회 1997 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.33 No.4

Spinal reflex activity that remains after insult to the spinal cord brings with it significant functional impairment. Our patient had suffered from general spasticity and hyperreflexic neurogenic bladder caused by sixth cervical cord injury. Unfortunately, the use of oral medication(baclofen) was limited by an inadequate effect. So we performed two times of subarachnoid block with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine, the patient experienced improvement in bladder and sphincter function. We concluded that subarachnoid block with 0.5% heavy bupivacaine is an effective and safe modality for spasticity control in patients who are refractory to oral medication before neurolytic block. (Korean J Anesthesiol 1997; 33: 770∼773)

음악축제 방문자의 몰입과 확산태도에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

이경률(Lee kyoung-lyul),주희엽(Jii Hi-yeob),이승훈(Lee Seung-hun) 한국콘텐츠학회 2013 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.5