노화가 인체 중간엽 줄기세포로부터 조골세포로의 증식 및 분화에 미치는 영향

백기현,태현정,오기원,이원영,조정기,권순용,강무일,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.3

연구배경: 일반적으로 골다공증과 연관된 위험인자로는 연령, 폐경, 약물, 불충분한 칼슘섭취, 만성질환 및 운동부족 등이 있는데, 특히 노화가 진행할수록 골밀도가 감소하는 것은 잘 알려져 있다. 노화와 관련하여 진행되는 골소실은 조골세포 및 전구조골세포의 기능적 결핍에 의한 골형성의 감소가 주요한 요인으로 여겨지고 있다. 그 동안 연령이 조골모 세포의 양과 조골모 세포로부터 성숙조골세포로의 분화 및 증식에 미치는 영향에 대한 일부 보고들이 있었으나 아직 일치된 견해는 없는 형편이다. 방법: 다양한 연령의 사람으로부터 골수를 채취, 중간엽 줄기세포가 포함된 단핵세포를 분리한 후 조골세포로 분화하기 좋은 조건하에서 배양하였다. 대상군은다시 젊은군과 노령군으로 구분하여 다양한 변수를 비교 분석하였다. 일차배양에서는 CFU-F를 계수하여 골수내 중간엽 줄기세포의 수를 추산하였고, 칼슘측정을 통하여 기질의 무기화 정도를 비교하였다. 계대배양후 이차배양에서는 시기별로 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도를 측정하고 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현을 관찰하여 젊은군과 노령군 사이의 증식능 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 이차배양 시기별로 MTT 측정을 하여 양군간에 증식능 차이가 있는지 알아보았다. 결과: 1. 일차배양 15일째에 평균 CFU-F의 수는 젊은군에서 유의하게 많았다(젊은군 148.3±28.9, 노령군 54.3±9.1, p=0.02). CFU-F의 평균면적은 젊은군에서 넓은 경향을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2. 일차배양 17일 경과 후 양군간에 기질 칼슘 침착정도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(젊은군 103.6±50.6, 노령군: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). 3. 이차배양 10일째에 젊은군에서 알카리성 포스파타제 활성도가 고령군에 비해 유의하게 높았다(젊은군: 935.5±115.0 U/mg, 노령군: 578.4±115.7U/mg,p.0.05). 고령군에서는 시간 경과에 따른 변화가 미약했으며 전반적으로 알카리성 포스파타제의 활성도가 젊은군에 비해 낮았다. 4. 이차배양도중 오스테오칼신 mRNA의 발현은 배양시기별로 젊은군에 비해 고령군에서 더 낮은 경향을 관찰할 수 있었다. 5. 이차배양 10일과 15일에 젊은군에서 노령군보다세포증식이 유의하게 증가된 양상을 보였다(10앓 젊은군 0.73±0.05, 노령군 0.58±0.04, p=0.05, 15일; 젊은군 0.80±0.05, 노령군 0.70±0.03, p=0.05).결론: 이상의 연구에서 저자들은 노령군에서 젊은군보다 골수 내 중간엽줄기세포의 수가 적고, 노령군에서 유래한 전구조골세포의 성숙조골세포로의 증식 및 분화가 젊은군 보다 감소해 있는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. Background: Osteoblasts originate from osteoprogenitor cells in bone marrow stroma, termed mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or bone marrow stromal cells. Each MSC forms colonies (colony forming units-fibroblasts [CFL-Fs]) when cultured ex vivo. There are some reports about the age-related changes of the number and osteogenic potential of osteoprogenitor cells, but any relationship has not been clearly established in humans. In this study, we counted MSCs using CFU-Fs count and examined the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells. Finally, we analyzed how these parameters varied with donor age. Methods: Bone marrow was obtained from the iliac crest of young (n=6, 27.2±8.6 years old) and old (n= 10, 57.4k6.7 years old) healthy donors. Mononuclear cells, including MSCs, were isolated and cultured in osteogenic medium. In primary culture, we compared the colony-forming efficiency of MSCs between the two groups and determined the matrix calcification. When primary culture showed near confluence, the cells were subcultured. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin expression by RT-PCR and proliferative potential by MTT assay were examined by the time course of secondary culture. Results: At the 15th day of primary culture, the mean number of CFU-Fs was significantly higher in the younger donors (young: 148.3±28.9, old: 54.3±9.1, p=0.02) and the mean size of CFL-Fs was also larger in the younger donors than the older donors. However, matrix calcification was not different between the two groups (young: 103.6±50.6, old: 114.0±56.5, p=NS). In secondary culture, alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly lower in the older donors. The younger donors showed peak alkaline phosphatase activity at day 10, while the older donors didn't showed a remarkable peak (young: 935.5±115.OU/mg, old: 578.4±115.7U/mg, p<0.05). Total cell number as a proliferative index increased progressively during the secondary culture and a significantly greater cell number was noted in the younger donors. Osteocalcin expression was generally upregulated in the younger donors, but this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Our study shows that the number of osteoprogenitor cells is decreased during aging and that the proliferative capacity and differentiation potential of osteoprogenitor cells seem to be reduced during aging (J Kor SOC Endocrinol 18:296-305, 2003).

Direct effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in elderly population in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: A case-control study

Kim, Jong Hun,Chun, Byung Chul,Song, Joon Young,Kim, Hyo Youl,Bae, In-Gyu,Kim, Dong-Min,Choi, Young Hwa,Jun, Yoon Hee,Choi, Won Suk,Kang, Seong Hee,Kwon, Hyun Hee,Jeong, Hye Won,Kee, Sae Yoon,Hur, Jia Elsevier Ltd. 2019 Vaccine Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>While herd effects and serotype replacement by childhood pneumococcal protein conjugated vaccines (PCVs) continues to accumulate worldwide, direct effectiveness of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) against pneumococcal diseases in the elderly has been challenged. We estimated the direct effectiveness of PPV23 in the elderly population.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>For a hospital-based case-control study, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (NBPP) (adults ≥ 65 years) were identified in 14 hospitals participated in the pneumococcal surveillance program from March 2013 to October 2015, following implementation of PPV23 national immunization program (NIP) for the elderly in the Republic of Korea. Controls matched by age, sex, and hospital were selected at ratios of 1:2 (IPD) or 1:1 (NBPP). Clinical data and vaccination records were collected. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio) × 100.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>We enrolled 148 IPD and 557 NBPP cases, and 295 IPD and 557 NBPP controls for analyses. Overall effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 28.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.8%–51.6%] and against NBPP was 10.2% (-15.1-30.6) in all patients ≥ 65 years. However, in subgroup analysis of patients aged 65–74 years, PPV23 was protective against IPD [effectiveness 57.4% (19.4–77.5)] and against NBPP [effectiveness 35.0% (2.3–56.7)]. Furthermore, serotype-specific effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was 90.6% (27.6–98.8) for PPV23-unique serotypes and 81.3% (38.6–94.3) for PPV23 serotypes excluding serotype 3.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>This study indicates that PPV23 with broad serotype coverage might be beneficial in preventing IPD and NBPP due to non-PCV13 serotypes in the young-elderly, with potentially increasing effectiveness in the setting of childhood PCV NIP.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> National immunization program for PPV23 for the elderly was implemented in Korea. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was effective against IPD and NBPP for young elderly patients aged 65–74. </LI> <LI> Effectiveness of PPV23 against IPD was higher for PPV23 unique serotypes. </LI> <LI> PPV23 was non-protective against IPD caused by PCV13 serotypes. </LI> </UL> </P>

직장 여성의 주관적 삶의 질에 대한 고찰

권기덕,윤창영 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 2002 社會科學硏究 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구는 지금까지 연구되어온 주관적 삶의 질에 대한 개념, 연구동향, 측정방법을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 현대는 여성의 사회참여 확대로 인해 전통적인 여성관에 대한 인식의 전환이 필요한 때이다. 전통적인 조직에서 남성중심으로 다루어졌던 삶의 질에 대한 연구가 여성을 고려한 관점으로 변화되어야 하는 중요한 시점에 와 있다. 따라서 여기서는 여성의 주관적 삶의 질에 초점을 맞추었다. 지금까지 연구되어온 삶의 질의 개념에 대한 변화를 다루었고, 객관적 지표중심의 연구의 제한점을 보완하기 위해서 주관적 지표의 중요성을 강조하였다. 끝으로 이 연구의 의의와 한계점 및 향후 연구과제를 논의하였다.

田山花袋硏究 : 「野の花」를 中心으로 Focused on his「NONO HANA」

權寧起 관동대학교 1995 關大論文集 Vol.23 No.2

田山花袋は松浦辰男の門下で, 短歌と漢詩を中心に文學活動を始め,「文學界」 同人との交流を深ぬなガら短歌ゃ詩よりも小說家を目指すようになったと思われる. その始めての試みと思われるのが小品 「野燈」であるが, ここで詩人の( )の死を通じて田園詩人の存立の不可能さを暗示することによって小說への道を模( )するようになったのである. また, 花袋は西洋文學にも關心を寄せ, トルストイ, シルゲ一ネフ, ド一テ一, ゾラ, モ一ファサン等が書いた澤山の詩ゃ小說を讀むことによって西洋の文藝の思潮にも目覺めたと知られている. このようにして花袋は日本に自然主義を紹介した作家の一人として認められるようになったのであるが, その出發点を「野の花」と見る見解がある. これはその序文に起因するものと見られるのであるが, 花袋が 「野の花」を書くようになるまでの過程にはそこまでの文學活動の不振による焦りがあったと思われるから, 十分な用意のできていない狀態で書かれたはずのこの小說は嚴しい批判を受けたのもまた事實である. しかし, 指摘されたその問題點こそ, むしろ花袋が理解できる手掛かりを與えているという点で意味態で書かれたはずのこの小說は嚴しい批判を受けたのもまた事實である. なぜなら, 押し寄せてくる西洋文學の怒潾に向かって勇ましく對抗し, 遂には自力でこれを克服すべきという悟りに到るまでのまんなかにこの「野の花」は位している氣がするからである. 言い換えれぱ, この小說はそれ自體の問題点のため, 自然主義の第一聲聲だという評價よりは吉田精一氏の「彼は考えるよりまず感じる作家であり, 感じなけれぱ考えない人だった. このことが彼を, あくまで自己に正直な, 自己の問題しか興味をもち得ない, 主觀的詩人的作家にした. たまたま外國作家( )作品からフィクションをかりると, それはとってつけたような主題とはなれぱなれのものとなり, その不器用さを現わしたのである.」という指摘により相應しい說だと者には感じられるからである.

田山花袋論 : Focused on his 「INAKA KYOSI」 「田舍敎師」를 中心으로

權寧起 관동대학교 1996 關大論文集 Vol.24 No.2

「田舍敎帥」 は1909年10月に發表した田山花袋の長篇小說である. この小說は告白的性格の私小說を好んで書いた花袋の風とは一風變わった性格の小說で, 社會的な事件等に關心を見せた小說でもある. しかし, それは當時の社會相, 卽ち資本主義とかいういうイズムの犧牲となっている小勤勞者や小商人の沒落と破滅とを對照的にとりあげるという自覺と意識のある前向きのものではかった. だが, 理想に燃えて文學を志した田?のある知識人靑年の夢が果敢なく消えていく過程が描がれていて, 當時日本の田舍の社會相がうかがわれる小說であると思われる. 特に田舍の風土色ゆたかな土俗的な行事や一般の百姓の生活相が紹介されていて, 急激な資本主義, 軍國主義への移行過程にあった當時の日本の田舍の文化を理解するのに役に立つだろうと思われるのである. 「田舍敎帥」の「田舍」とは東京/地方という近代のわくぐみのなかで槪念化されたものと見られる. 卽ち, 東京という對比項によって作り出された「田舍」だったといっても過言ではなかろう. 「田舍敎帥」の主人公林淸三は五年制の中學校を卒業した後, 東京へ進學する友達とはなかろう行田の兩親の元に殘り, 羽生にある彌勒高等尋常小學校の先生となる. この空間の移動が淸三の意識には「田舍」への移行, 卽ち東京からの疎隔化だったのである. 彼の意識にとって東京への據點はあくまでも, 行田から見て羽生とは反對側の熊谷であった. 時おり訪れるかれの眠にそこは常に活氣と繁榮に輝いていたが, 「熊谷から行田, 行田から羽生から彌勒と段段活氣がなつて行くやうな氣がして, 歸りはいつもさぴしい思に包まれながらその長い街道を步いた」のである. 「田舍敎帥」 になった淸三は機織女と遊廓の女たちの文化, 卽ち彌勒の文化とは接點を持ちえず, むしろ時には淫畏視しながらも反面, 東京の 「大きなピアノ」 の文化からは決定的に隔てられてしまった, この曖昧で哀しい生のありようこそが 「田舍/敎師」卽ち田舍の知識人靑年たちの姿であったと思われるのである. これはだ淸三のモデルになった小林秀三だけでなく, 同時代に生きた田舍の靑年たちの一般的な姿であったと言っても過言ではなかろう. それは急激な産業社會への變遷の過程に派生した都市と田舍との文化の差を物語るものと思われるのである.

家兎肺 抽出液과 洗滌液의 表面活性度와 In Vitro X線照射가이에 미치는 影響

權得基,朱永恩 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1975 慶北醫大誌 Vol.16 No.1

家兎肺에서 얻은 推出液(extracts)과 洗滌液(washings)의 肺胞表面 活性物質의 活性度와 蛋白含量을 比 較하고, 나아가서 300R, 600R 및 1,000R의 X線을 in Vitro로 照射하여 20℃에서 1,4,8,12 및 24時間에 各各 表面活性度와 蛋白含量을 測定하여 果 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. 正常對照群의 肺洗滌液의 最大 및 最小 表面張力, 幅, S^- 및 蛋白含量은 各各 44.1dyne/cm, 8.0dyne/cm, 14.2dyne/cm, 1.38 및 115.8mg/ml이었고 肺推出液의 그것들은 各各 36.8dyne/cm, 13.6dyne/cm, 9.2dyne/cm, 0.91 및 884.7mg/ml이었다. 2. 肺洗滌液이나 肺推出液에서 모두 20℃에서 實驗 24時間까지 肺胞表面活性度나 蛋白含量은 큰 變化를 나타내지 않았다. 3. 300R의 in Vitro X線 照射로서는 各 實驗値가 對照에 比하여 큰 差異를 나타내지 않았으나, 600R 또 는 1,000R의 in Vitro對照로서는 對照群에 比하여 各實驗値에서 若干의 差異를 나타내었으며, 特히 最小 張力에서 그 傾向이 뚜렷하였다. 4. 以上의 結果로서, 肺胞表面活性度測定에는 肺推出液보다 肺洗滌液을 使用함이 더 有利하고 20℃에서 肺洗滌液을 保存하여도 그 活性度나 蛋白含量에 差異가 없음을 알 수 있다. 또한 X線 in Vitro 照射는 肺胞表面活性物質에 큰 變化를 나타내지 않는 것이라고 思料된다. The extraction method of preparing the pulmonary surfactant is crucial in determining and evaluating the surfactant activities in situ. In the present study, two most commonly used methods were compared; namely, the extracts and washings. Also, in an attempt to clarify the effect of X-irradiation on the pulmonary surfactant system, X-ray of 300R, 600R and 1,000R, respectively was irradiated to the lung extracts and lung washings obtained from the rabbit in Vitro, and the pulmonary surfactant activities as well as the protein contents of both extracts and washings were studied at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours after the irradiation at 20℃. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) The maximal and minimal surface tensions, width of the tension-area diagram at the surface area of 40%, stability index and protein content of the lung washings in the non-irradiated normal group was 44.1 dyne/cm, 8.0 dyne/cm, 14.2 dyne/cm, 1.38 and 115.8 mg/ml, respectively. In the lung extracts, the value was 36.8dyne/cm, 13.6dyne/cm, 9.2dyen/cm, 0.911and 884.7mg/ml, respectively. 2) In the normal group, both the lung washings and lung extracts showed no noticeable change in the pulmonary surfactant activities and protein contents upto 24 experimental hours at 20℃. 3) X-irradiation of 300R in Vitro produced no meaningful change in the surfactant activities or protein contents from the control, but 600R and 1,000R of X-irradiation showed a tendency of sligt changes in the surfactant activities from the control with the increased values of the minimal surface tensions. 4) From the above, it may be considered that the lung washings are better suited than the lung extracts for the measurement of the pulmonary surfactant activities. Also, at 20℃, the pulmonary surfactant activities as well as the protein contents do not seem to be altered greatly for at least 24 hours. Finally, X-irradiation in Vitro does not seem to produce any noticeable change in the pulmonary surfactant.

텔리건 정리의 증명법

권기영 公州大學校 工學硏究院 生産技術硏究所 2003 論文集 Vol.11 No.-

In this paper, we have presented a new proof of Tellegen's theorem by using a virtual ground and virtual branches. The virtual ground is connected to all nodes of general electrical network. The summation over all branch voltages times branch currents of an electrical network is equal to the summation over all virtual branch voltages times virtual branch currents. By the Kirchhoff's current law all virtual branch currents are zero. Therefore the summation over all virtual branch voltages times virtual branch currents is zero. So Tellgen's theorem has been proved.

田山花袋의 人生觀 : 「田舍敎師」와 「百夜」를 중심으로 Focused on His「INAKAKYOSHI」and 「MOMOYO」

權寧起 관동대학교 2000 關大論文集 Vol.28 No.1

「田舍敎師」は明治期に. 志を抱きながら曲舍に理もれて行く主人公の理想と現室の格差や會社の矛盾に 牲を强いれなければならなかつた當時の靑年の一宿 ともいうべき世界を描いたといつてよいだろう. 花袋が「東京の三十年」で<明治三十年·五年から七·八年代の靑年を調べて書いてみようと思つた>と言つているように. 花袋はその時代の靑年像を描こうとしたのであつて. に一田舍敎師の描こうとしたのではなかつた.一田舍敎師の悲劇的な生涯を平面描 的に描いていけば. そこに自すから時代の靑年像が現れると考えたのである. 「田舍敎師」は美的自然を構造に人物を すといつた風景畵的描 に終始していることである. のみならず 花袋のそういう自然の認識の仕方が主人公林淸三の感情.思想と不下分の關係を特つて. く土手にのぼると. 利根川は美しく夕日に映えていた. 二根川は溶ヌとして流れ下る. 淅く者斯の如しという感が淸三の を つて寀た. >というような自然觀.强いては人生觀を規定しいくものである. さて , モデルの小林秀三の日記について, 花袋はくこの日記は.或はこの小林君の一生の仕事であつたかも知れなかつた. わたしはその日記の中に, 志を抱いて田舍に理もれていく多くの靑年たちと. 事業を成し得ずに滅びて行く淋しい多くの心とを發見した>(「東京の三十年」)と述べている. 作者が昌頭で,<四里の道は長かつた>と書いているのも, それは地理的距離を意味するだけでなく, 淸三自身のおかれた環境と精神のありようを象微する一文であるとみることができよう. 「白夜」は花袋の三十八年の文學生活の最後の, しかも, 集大成のような作品になつていとであり「老年」と「靑年」の戰いを內包している「老年年」の戰いが描かれている. 老境に達して行くこの作品の男の主人公の島田とお銀の關係は. 正常の家庭を當Lでいる夫婦關係とは相違し, ある意味では, 特殊な關係の中にある男女の「老年」に達し,あるいは達しようとしている人間の<愛>と<性>の問題に れているものであつて, <一夫一妻>制を好しとする儒敎的倫理道德の社會から, いわゆる<不倫>といえるものの世界の中にある<具室>というも見ようとしている作でもある花袋自身の生涯に, この島田,お銀の生き方とを重れ合わせてみると, 島田は,ほぼ花袋の怪た人生を通つてきた男であり, お銀は終生の愛妓であつた飮田代子(小利)であつといえる. 「白夜」の世界は, <老い>をひしひしと感じ始めた男女が り着いた世界の樣相を靜かに描いていけである.それはお銀という名が象徵的に物語つていし銀の世界であり, 薄暮を思わせる, たそがれの世界をのである. 「白夜」について,複本陸司氏は<國家機構や社會集團と個人の問題に開わっゆ<契機すらが,もはやこの「白夜」の世界では完全に失われていに. 前餘に光明を見出し得ないままの二人たけの世界の造型は, 本質的に, 明らかな後退を意味するものと見られるのである. そしてそれは, 自然主義作家花袋におけるりアりスムの限界をそのままに表書きする事實であつた. >と指摘している. 「田舍敎師」と 「白夜」が, たとい, 積極的な社會認識として發展するまでにはいかたとしても, 吉田精一氏が指摘しているように<考えるより先ず感じる作家であり, 感じなけばい人, あくまで自己に正直な, 自己の問題しか與味を持ち得ない, 主觀的詩人作家>であった花袋の性向を考えると自分の人生觀および社會觀の一斷面を小說化したまのであったと見られるのである.

굴절율 도파 다지역 레이저 어레이의 광특성에 관한 이론적 연구

권기영 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1998 論文集 Vol.6 No.-

In this paper, I have proposed new index-guided multi-section laser arrays with three stripes. The field intensity and phase profiles and the corresponding far-field intensity patterns of the lasing supermode at threshold have been calculated by a beam propagation method. It has been proved that proposed multi-section laser arrays of types and Ⅱhave a single-lobe beam in the far-field unlike a twin-lobe far-field in a uniform array, which comes from the fact that in the multi-section laser arrays "V-" and/or "Λ-" channel-chirped sections enhance the discrimination between supermodes and the increased interchannel gain, obtained by widening the channel width, causes to enhance the coupling across the device and therefore promote the tendency of the array to operate in the phase-locked mode.

원격학습 시스템의 인터페이스 및 평가 모듈에 관한 연구

권기영,천성모 公州大學校工科大學生産技術硏究所 1999 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In order to improve efficiency of a virtual educational system, a lot of studies have been done recently. This paper has improved a test system so that both a real-time processing and giving various types of questions are possible. This paper has also developed a grading system considering answer-time.