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Kwak Kyu‐Won,Aktaruzzaman Md.,Kim Eunsun,Kim Sun Young,Hong Seung‐Beom,Park Ji Yeong,Park Kwanho,Koo Bonwoo,Kim Yong‐Soon 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.12
Edible insects are considered novel protein sources, and the edible insect breeding industry is growing rapidly. However, fungal pathogens are a major threat to this industry, and appropriate identification of causative agents is important for the development of antifungal agents. In 2019, strains of the fungal pathogen Metarhizium were isolated from infected second and third instar larvae of the economically important edible insect Protaetia brevitarsis, which were collected from separate farms in Gimhae-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Based on morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, and 50-region of gene encoding the 1-α elongation factor, the fungal strains were identified as Metarhizium majus. Here, we report the detailed phylogenetic characteristics and morphological description of this species, which is prevalent in Korea. Identification of the principal disease-causing agent can help develop disease prevention and antifungal strategies for application in edible insect-rearing farms.
장우준(Woo-jun jang),전찬용(Chan-Yong jeon),김태원(Tae-Won Kim),곽규석(Kyu-Seok Kwak),남기찬(Ki-Chan Nam) 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.3 No.1
최근 중국은 양산항을 개장하여 선사 유치를 위한 다양한 혜택을 제공하고, 일본은 "수퍼중추항만 육성계획“을 세워 항만의 효율성을 바탕으로 비용을 낮추려는 노력을 하고 있다. 또한 선박의 대형화에 의한 중심항만(Hub Port) 위주의 기항과 북중국의 대량 물량 발생지역에 대한 직기항 경향으로 동북아 항만간의 경쟁이 더욱더 치열해 지고 있으며 동북아 역내 피더네트워크 강화의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 유럽 피더네트워크 전략 사례를 바탕으로 동북아 피더시장 현황을 파악하고 동북아 피더네트워크 구조를 분석함으로써 동북아 역내 항만 및 선사간의 과당경쟁을 지양하고 서로 Win-Win할 수 있는 터미널의 전략적 활용, 선사간 제휴 확대, 항만간 협력 강화를 위한 구체적인 전략을 제시하였다. Recently, China opened Yangshan port and provides a variety of benefits for shipping companies. Japan plans to reduce logistics costs and improve efficiency through the established "super major ports" project. According to the "hub and spokes" system, the number of direct calls toward North-Chinese ports are increasing. This changing environment has negative effects on the amount of transshipment cargos in Korean ports. In order to make a hub port of a domestic port, it is necessary to develop northeast Asian feeder networks. Therefore, this paper analyzes the structure of northeast Asian feeder networks through the case study of European feeder networks strategy. Finally, we suggests the plans to reinforce feeder networks, which are strategic terminal operation, strategic alliances between shipping companies and port co-operation, for win-win strategy in the competitive northeast Asian market.
( Kyu Won Kwak ),( Myung Sae Han ),( Sung Hee Nam ),( Ji Young Choi ),( Seok Hyun Lee ),( Hong Geun Kim ),( Kwan Ho Park ) 한국잠사학회 2015 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.30 No.2
To investigate whether Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis(Coleoptera: Cetoniidae) acts as an opportunistic bacterium in peroral infection, the primary entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) and Paenibacillus popilliae (Eubacteriales: Bacillaceae) were added to sawdust to perform a bioassay experiment. We found that peroral infection caused by S. marcescens could be fatal beyond a concentration of 4 × 108 pfu/mL in 2nd stage P. b. seulensis larvae and at 6 × 108 pfu/mL in 3rd stage P. b. seulensis larvae. In particular, mortality resulting from a combination of P. popilliae and S. marcescens was markedly increased in 2nd stage P. b. seulensis larvae. Therefore, we confirmed that mortality was increased when S. marcescens was infected together with other entomopathogenic bacteria, and that peroral infection itself can be fatal beyond certain concentrations.
Kwak, Kyu-Won,Han, Myung-Sae,Nam, Sung-Hee,Choi, Ji-Young,Lee, Seok-Hyun,Choi, Young-Cheol,Park, Kwan-Ho Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2014 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.28 No.2
Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis (Kolbe) is widely used in Korea, as a protein-rich, alternate, functional food with pharmacological benefits. In addition to anti-oxidant properties, the larvae of P. b. seulensis also show positive effects against hepatic disorder and diabetes; therefore, P. b. seulensis larvae are being reared on a large scale in Korea. We evaluated reared larvae of P. b. seulensis from Gyeong-gi in Korea. Using 16SrRNA PCR, electro-microscopy, and bioassay techniques, we found that the larvae harbored Spo-1, a bacterium identified as the insect pathogen Serratia marcescens. Therefore, we highlight the use of this insect as an alternate food and the need for its sanitary rearing conditions, as contamination may affect public health.
Kwak Kyu‐Won,Kim Sun Young,Lee Kyeong Yong,Kim Yong‐Soon,Yoon Hyung Joo 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.2
Locusta migratoria is a potential alternative food and animal feed additive in South Korea and has already been registered in the European Union. We investigated the optimal conditions to improve hatchability of L. migratoria eggs under varying hatching conditions for improved artificial rearing. The parameters such as temperature, photoperiod, illuminance, or relative humidity were altered, while the other factors were kept constant. Among the four different temperature treatments (25, 27, 30, and 33°C), the 33°C temperature showed the highest total hatching rate of 85.6% at days 8–12 after oviposition. For photoperiod, hatchability was the highest (81.2%) at 9 L/15D, followed by 80.0% at 12 L/12D, and 72.6% at 15 L/9D. Under illuminance conditions of 600, 1,800, and 3,500 lux, 3,500 lux displayed the highest total hatching rate of 76.1% at days 7–11 after oviposition. Among the relative humidity (RH) levels of 50%, 65%, and 80%, 65% RH provided the highest hatching rate of 86.4% at days 8–13 post-oviposition. In short, the most effective conditions for hatchability were 33°C, 9 L/15D, 65% RH, and 3,500 lux. Under these conditions, the hatching rate increased significantly to 98.8%. Application of these conditions will contribute to improve hatchability, which will be necessary for industrialization of L. migratoria.
Kwak, Kyu-Won,Kwon, Soon Woo,Nam, Sung-Hee,Park, Kwan-Ho,Kim, Eun-Sun,Lee, Hee-Sam,Choi, Ji-Young,Han, Myung-Sae Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2018 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.36 No.1
The purpose of this study was to determine the best method for minimizing the occurrence of Metarhizium anisopliae infection of Protaetia brevitarsis seluensis during mass breeding on agricultural farms. There is a high demand for the use of P. b. seluensis larvae in animal feed and as food for humans. However, mass breeding results in the entomopathogenic fungal (usually M. anisopliae) infection of P. b. seluensis. A mixture of microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) delayed fungal infection by M. anisopliae, which infected fewer P. b. seluensis when the microorganism mixture was added to sawdust as feed for P. b. seluensis. When sawdust with the effective microorganisms (EM) was given to P. b. seluensis for 30 d, their mortality rate was approximately 35 % less than that of the control group, which was fed sawdust without the EM. In addition, the growth of M. anisopliae on agar media spread with each bacterium as inhibited by up to 80 % more than those spread with 4 % sodium hypochlorite, which is a harmless fungal inhibitor generally used in agricultural farms for disinfection.
Kwak Kyu‐Won,Kim Sun Young,Kim Eunsun,Park Kwanho,Nam Sung‐Hee,Kim Yong‐Soon 한국곤충학회 2022 Entomological Research Vol.52 No.7
Protaetia brevitarsis is an edible insect registered as an alternative food ingredient by the Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Herein, we investigated the effects of Paecilomyces tenuipes on diseases reported in the larvae of edible insects with the aim of improving the productivity of larvae by promoting their development and enhancing their disease resistance. P. tenuipes exhibits several biological and pharmaceutical properties. We developed the feed for P. brevitarsis larvae with fermented oak sawdust combined with P. tenuipes–inoculated brown rice. The larval group that reared on feed combined with P. tenuipes showed a 6.5-fold increase in weight and 5-fold increase in survival rate against Metarhizium anisopliae relative to that seen with the controls. The nutrient composition of this feed formulation was 2.37 times higher in crude protein than in the other feed types, including the control. Our results suggest that P. tenuipes–inoculated brown rice can be used to increase larval weight and promote disease resistance, thereby potentially reducing the prevalence and severity fungal disease caused by M. anisopliae.