BASRA AND IKHWAN AL-SAFA SCHOOL OF THOUGHT AS REPRESENTATIVE OF SILK ROAD CIVILIZATIONS

KOROGLU, BURHAN Academia Via Serica 2017 Acta Via Serica Vol.2 No.1

The city of Basra, established on the shore of Basra Bay in the south of modern Iraq, played an important role in agriculture and trade for centuries, with its geography and its position where two great rivers of Mesopotamia flow. Before being established with its current name by the Muslim Arabs, the city was known as Teredon in the Chaldean period and VehiŞtebad ErdeŞir in the Sasanid period. It was reestablished with the name Basra in the early period of Islam by Arabs between Hijri 14-16 (635-637 CE). Afterward, the city became one of the most important centers of trade, science and thought; had a perfect cultural diversity; and hosted important schools of Arabic language and thought for centuries. Besides the commercial effects of its being a transfer point on the axis of Europe, Mesopotamia, Iran, and India, the schools of thought which emerged here were affected by this mobility. In this paper, we try to reveal the philosophical-religious approach which the Ikhwan al-Safa school of thought in Basra, one of the most important cities of the Silk Road, created in parallel with the characteristics of this city. Shiite Ismaili beliefs and thoughts in the region and its characteristics which feed different religions and traditions emerging from Egypt and with the scientific approach of Greek thought; with Indian-Iranian teachings that merge Greek thought and Neoplatonic philosophy, give us the summary of Silk Road civilizations.

서구화 이후 터키와 한국의 여성 문제 연구

HATICE KOROGLU(하티제 쾨로올루) 고려대학교 한국학연구소 2010 한국학연구 Vol.32 No.-

19세기는 유럽과 미국을 시작으로 전 세계에 걸쳐 여성 해방의 바람이 거세게 시작된 시기이다. 현대화 및 서구화는 각 나라는 물론 시대와 사회에 따라서도 다르게 나타난다. 터키의 서구화는 오스만제국 말기의 탄지마트 시대에 시작되었으며, 한국의 경우는 조선 시대 말, 갑오경장 이후의 개화기 시대부터 시작되었다. 그리고 그 시기를 기준으로 여러 가지 개혁이 시행되게 된다. 그와 더불어 양 나라의 여러 분야에 큰 변화가 일어나게 되는데, 여기서는 무엇보다도 여성의 지위나 해방을 다룬 여권 신장 문제에 관심을 가져 보았다. 터키의 이슬람문화를 바탕으로 한 가부장제도, 한국의 유교 문화와 그에 바탕하는 가부장제도는 오랫동안 여성의 사회 참여를 불가능하도록 제한했는데, 탄지마트 개혁과 개화기를 거치면서 여성들은 그 동안 주어지지 않았던 여러 가지 새로운 권리를 얻게 된다. 나혜석과 파트마 알리예는 양국의 문학사에서 여성 문학의 길을 처음 개척한 선구적 인물이다. 그들은 양 나라에서 서구화와 더불어 변화하기 시작한 여성 문제 그 중에서도 특히 교육, 결혼, 직업 등을 그들의 소설 속에 잘 형상화해 내었다. 본 논문에서는 두 여성 작가의 작품 『무하데라트(Muhaderat)』와 「경희」를 통해 서구화가 시작되던 시기의 여성 교육과 결혼에 대한 문제를 간단하게 살펴보았다. 그 결과 그들의 소설이 전통적 관념을 깨고 여성에게도 교육을 시켜야 하고, 결혼에 있어서도 자유의사가 존중되는 사회 분위기를 만들어야 함을 강조하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. The 19th century is a landmark in which the woman questioned her social status and sought independence in the world, especially in the U.S.A. and Europe. Every country has a period of modernization and westernization. These processes of modernization and westernization show similarity when the histories of countries are examined, however these processes and changes take place in different areas and in different times. Concepts of the western civilization, thoughts and life style spreaded into Ottoman Empire in the Tanzimat period (1839-1896), and also those concepts seen during the Enlightenment period (1894~1910) in Coson (1392~1910). The period of westernization caused a great change and reform in both countries Turkey and Korea. This period was a milestone for all women in both countries. Women had limited social rights in Korea, because of Confucianism and patriarchal system, and in Turkish society, since having Islamic culture and patriarchal system. Women had many rights primarily in education, family life and society as a result of reforms in the Tanzimat period and the with Gabo reform in Enlightenment period in Korea. Fatma Aliye, the first woman novelist of Turkey, touched on the problems of women at that period through a woman’s eye in her work named "Muhaderat" and Na Hye Seok, one of the first woman writers of Korea, in her work named "Gyonhee". Both writers discussed education, marriage and working conditions of the women in their works.

터키에서의 한국문학에 대한 인식 및 문학 교육

하티제쾨르올루튀르쾨쥬 ( Hatice Koroglu Turkozu ) 한국어교육연구소 2015 한국어교육연구 Vol.11 No.1

예술은 그것의 창작 배경이 되는 민족의 사회적 구조나 문제를 주목하기 마련이다. 대부분의 예술 작품은 민족 고유의 문화로부터 소재나 주제를 취하게 된다. 때문에 모든 예술 작품은 사회를 상징적으로 드러내며 모든 예술가는 그 사회를 대표 한다고 할 수 있다. 작가들은 사회가 요구하는 것을 작품을 통해 표현한다. 그러므로 사회 전반에 영향을 끼친 사건들, 예를 들어 혁명, 전쟁 같은 사회 변화는 작가에 의해 문학 작품에 자연스럽게 드러나게 된다. 터키에서는 한국과 관련된 대학 수준의 연구가 1989년에 각각 시작되었다. 하지만 한국과 문학 간의 관계와 번역은 뒤늦게 시작되었고 문학 연구, 번역 작업과 함께 양국 대학에서 문학 강좌들이 속속 개설되기 시작하였다. 한국과 터키 문학 사이의 관계는 시 분야에서 시작되었다. 이 시들은 한국 전쟁 당시에 쓰인 것이다. 첫 터키 시는 1956년 7월에 한국에서 터키로 돌아올 때 터키군 제7여단 소속 M. 퀴췩(M. Kucuk) 중위가 쓴『한국에 보내는 인사』라는 시이다. 그리고 1993년에 세브기 탐귀츠(Sevgi Tamguc)는 이청준의『예언자』라는 작품을 번역했다. 이 작품은 터키 독자들과 만나게 된 첫 한국소설이다. 이 글에서는 터키에서의 한국문학의 현황과 한국문학 교육이 어떻게 이루어지고 있는지를 살펴보겠다. 또한 터키에서의 한국문학의 위치와 가능성을 가늠해 보고자 한다. Nations reflect their sociological structure and their social identity in literature and arts, Because every artist, writer and poet is a person trained by the nation. Writers deal wit social issues and concerns such as reformation, revolution and social expectations. National literature naturally takes all its moral, secular and metaphysical interest from the national stock. Literature of a foreign country may provide us with new perspective to better view and understand the world we live in. Korean studies has started after 1989 in Turkey, yet interest in Korean literature is quite new. One of the main reason for the late interest is lack of translators. Interaction between Turkish and Korean literature starts with a poem written in the Korean war. This poem (Kore’ye Selam “HiiKorea”) was written by Mustafa Kucuk in 1956 on his way back to Turkey from Korea .It was first published on 26th of August (1956) in Dong-A Ilbo Newspaper. Then, based on the mutual agreement between Turkey and Korea, Sevgi Tamguc translated Lee Chong Chun’s ‘The Oracle’ into Turkish. This translation was the first document of Korean literature introduced to Turkish literature. This study overviews the interest in and popularity of Korean Literature in Turkey, particularly at the Erciyes University.

탄지마트 시기 터키 근대 문학의 태동과 장르별 특징

쾨로올루 하티제(Koroglu, Hatice) 명지대학교 중동문제연구소 2009 중동문제연구 Vol.8 No.2

At the beginning of the 19th century, series of reforms which called tanzimat promulgated in the Ottoman Empire between 1839 and 1876. These reforms, heavily influenced by European ideas, were intended to effectuate a fundamental change of the empire from the old system based on theocratic principles to that of a modern state. Also Turkish literature began to be influenced by western literature, western literary forms and western language. The first reform movement in Turkish literature was in prose with the help of Şinasi, Namık Kemal and Ziya Pasha. Even though they were opposed to the old prose style which called divan literature they could not go far afield from the old attitude in their works.

터키인 학습자를 대상으로 한 한국 문학 번역 교재 개발 연구

하티제 쾨르올루 튀르쾨쥬(Hatice Koroglu Turkozu),괵셀 튀르쾨쥬(S.Goksel Turkozu) 중동유럽한국학회 2020 CEESOK Journal of Korean Studies Vol.1 No.1

Korean literature was an unknown world to the Turkish readers until the 1990s. Because until that time, there was no Korean literary work introduced in Turkey. The first Korean work translated into Turkish was in 1993, not translated directly from Korean, but translated from French. Because there are very few professional translators who can translate Korean literature in Turkey, The Department of Korean Language and Literature at Erciyes University opened two courses in Korean translation classes at the undergraduate level in 2015. There are two courses: ‘general translation’ in the third grade and ‘literature translation’ in the fourth grade. Until now, these two courses have been done without textbooks. Now translation materials are being written so that translation classes can be done smoothly. When Korean literary textbooks are developed, firstly, customized and specialized Korean textbooks are prepared, which are tailored to educational goals and objectives, local characteristics, and level and characteristics of learners. Also Korean translation class can be done more systematically and professionally. In addition, it is expected that the publication of Korean translation materials in Turkey will facilitate the opening of classes related to Korean translation in other universities. It is expected that the establishment of Korean translation classes in Turkey and the publication of the Korean translation materials will contribute to the establishment of reliable Korean and Korean translation infrastructure in Turkey in the long term. The establishment of such a translation infrastructure is believed to lead to the expansion and promotion of communication and exchanges between the two countries. It will be an important step in further strengthening and enhancing Korean and Korean studies and education programs in Turkey. Also, the translation of Turkish literature in Korea is limited within the limited scope of professional translators. The training of literary translators in Turkey is also very important in informing the Turkish literature to Korea in the future. The purpose of this study is to examine the preparatory process for the development of literary translation materials that can be used in the translation classes for Turkish learners. We would like to discuss the objectives, necessity, contents and writing methods of literary translation materials.

터키 대학에서의 한국문학 교육 현황 및 교재 분석 - 터키 에르지예스 대학교 <한국어문학과>를 중심으로 -

유정숙 ( Jung Suk Yoo ),( Hatice Koroglu Turkozu ) 한국어문학국제학술포럼 2018 Journal of Korean Culture Vol.41 No.-

터키에서 현재 한국문학 교육이 전공과목으로 실시되는 대학은 세 곳이다. 1989년 앙카라 대학을 시작으로 2000년 에르지예스 대학에 이어 2016년에는 이스탄불 대학교가 한국어문학과를 개설하였다. 이외에도 터키 내 여러 대학에서 한국어문학과를 신설하려고 하고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 터키에서 한국문학에 대한 인지도는 낮은 편이며 한국문학 교육에 관한 연구나 교재 개발도 매우 미흡한 수준에 머물러 있다. 이 논문은 터키 대학에서 이루어지는 한국문학 교육 효과를 제고하고 발전 방향을 모색하기 위해 터키 에르지예스 대학 한국어문학과의 학부 과정 및 대학원 과정에서 실시되는 한국문학 교육의 구체적인 현황 및 문제점을 살펴보았다. 또한 이 대학에서 실제 사용하고 있으며, 터키에서 처음으로 편찬된 Modern Kore Edebiyati Tarihi 교재를 자세히 분석하였다. 이 교재는 하티제 교수가 터키어로 쓴 한국 현대 문학사 책으로, 19세기 말 개화기에서부터 2000년대까지의 한국문학을 10년 단위로 끊어 시대적 특징과 장르별 작가 및 작품 등을 알기 쉽게 설명한 책이다. 터키 학생들에게 한국문학을 강의할 때 가장 필요한 교재가 앤솔로지와 문학사 책이니만큼 이 책은 앞으로 터키 대학에서 널리 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 다루는 시기가 방대한데 비해 책의 분량이 적어 문학사에 대한 기술이 전반적으로 소략하고 단편적인 측면이 있다. 터키 대학에서 한국문학 교육을 확대하고 발전시키기 위해서는 우선적으로 현지의 특성을 감안한 다양한 교과목이 개발되어야 할 것이다. 특히, 한국어 중심으로 교육과정이 운영되는 터키 대학의 경우 한국문학을 한국어 교육과 접목시킬 수 있는 교과목 개발이 필요하다. 또한 한국문학 교육에서 필요한 교재는 다양하므로 앞으로 앤솔로지, 작가 및 작품 선집, 문학사, 한국문학 번역서 및 안내서 등의 개발 및 출판이 활발히 이루어져야 한다. 마지막으로 터키인을 위한 한국문학 교재 개발 및 편찬 과정에는 해당 국가 및 학습자의 특징의 반영과 함께 무엇보다 한국인 및 터키인 교수가 함께 공동으로 참여하는 것이 효율적이며 바람직할 것이다. Three national universities in Turkey offer Korean literature classes; Ankara university in 1989, Erciyes university in 2000 and Istanbul university opened up in Korean language and literature department in June, 2016. In recent years, some more universities in Turkey have planed to open Korea related department. However, the recognition and popularity of Korean literature in Turkey remains relatively low and the research and textbook development regarding Korean literature in Turkey has been limited and scarce as well. Aiming at the promotion and expanding of effectiveness of Korean literature education in Turkey, this paper examined the education program of Korean literature at Erciyes University, Turkey and its problems. Moreover, it analyzed the textbooks of Korean literature at that institution. The textbook of modern Korean literature history, Modern Kore Edebiyati Tarihi written by Hatice Koroglu Turkozu, will be widely used in the universities in Turkey. The book is the first Turkish book on Korean literary history in Turkey. However, the historical explanations of this book is simple and limited, so that Turkish readers would be difficult in clearly understanding Korean literature. The most important thing is to develop a wide variety of textbooks and teaching materials on Korean literature in order to expand and promote the education of Korean literature at universities in Turkey. There are many different kinds of textbooks on Korean literature in great need at an university in Turkey. It is effective and ideal for Korean and Turkish teachers to collaborate in the course of developing and writing of Korean literature textbook.

Cupping Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Radial Palsy: a Case Report

Ali Ramazan Benli,Demir Yazici Senay,Mustafa Koroglu,Tansel Mutlu,Selman Erturhan,Muhammet Nur Ogun,Didem Sunay 대한침구의학회 2018 대한침구의학회지 Vol.35 No.1

This case report demonstrates the beneficial effects of cupping therapy (CT) in a 35-year-old man who is diagnosed with a fracture of the radial shaft due to a motorcycle accident. One year after the treatment started, pseudoarthrosis developed in the radius and an autogenous iliac bone graft was performed. However, extension dysfunction in the wrist became evident. After another 6 months of physical therapy and rehabilitation, no improvements were observed. Therefore, CT and adjunctive electrostimulation were performed, after 30 days of treatment, marked recovery of muscle function and full wrist extension were observed, as determined by electromyography and a grade 5/5 on the Medical Research Council power of wrist extension scale. The results in this case study suggest that CT in conjunction with adjunctive electrostimulation, may accelerate functional recovery from postoperative radial palsy, and provide a useful alternative treatment in this situation.

Cupping Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation for the Treatment of Radial Palsy: a Case Report

Benli, Ali Ramazan,Senay, Demir Yazici,Koroglu, Mustafa,Mutlu, Tansel,Erturhan, Selman,Ogun, Muhammet Nur,Sunay, Didem Korean AcupunctureMoxibustion Medicine Society 2018 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.35 No.1

This case report demonstrates the beneficial effects of cupping therapy (CT) in a 35-year-old man who is diagnosed with a fracture of the radial shaft due to a motorcycle accident. One year after the treatment started, pseudoarthrosis developed in the radius and an autogenous iliac bone graft was performed. However, extension dysfunction in the wrist became evident. After another 6 months of physical therapy and rehabilitation, no improvements were observed. Therefore, CT and adjunctive electrostimulation were performed, after 30 days of treatment, marked recovery of muscle function and full wrist extension were observed, as determined by electromyography and a grade 5/5 on the Medical Research Council power of wrist extension scale. The results in this case study suggest that CT in conjunction with adjunctive electrostimulation, may accelerate functional recovery from postoperative radial palsy, and provide a useful alternative treatment in this situation.

Genetic-programming-based Modeling of RC Beam Torsional Strength

Abdulkadir Cevik,Musa Hakan Arslan,Mehmet Alpaslan Koroglu 대한토목학회 2010 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.14 No.3

This study investigates the use of Genetic Programming (GP) to model Reinforced Concrete (RC) beam torsional strength. Experimental data of 76 rectangular RC beams from an existing database were used to develop the GP model. The following input parameters, which affect torsional strength, were selected: beam cross-sectional area, closed stirrup dimensions, stirrup spacing,closed stirrup cross-sectional area of one leg, stirrup and longitudinal reinforcement yield strength, stirrup steel ratio, longitudinal reinforcement steel ratio and concrete compressive strength. Moreover, a short review of well-known building codes in relation to the design of RC beams under pure torsion is presented. The accuracy of the codes in predicting the RC beam torsional strength was also compared with the proposed GP model using the same test data. The study concludes that the proposed GP model predicts RC beam torsional strength more accurately than building codes

Integrated Model of Power Electronics, Electric Motor, and Gearbox for a Light EV

Hofman, Isabelle,Sergeant, Peter,Van den Bossche, Alex,Koroglu, Selim,Kesler, Selami The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.6

This study presents a model of a drivetrain for an integrated design of a light electric vehicle (EV). For the drivetrain of each front wheel of the single-person, battery-powered EV tricycle consists of a battery, an inverter, and an outer rotor permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), which is connected to an in-wheel gearbox. The efficiency of the inverter, motor, and gearbox is analyzed over the New European Driving Cycle. To calculate the losses and efficiency of the PMSM, the power electronics in the inverter and gearbox are used. The analytical models provide a fast, but less accurate result, useful for optimization purposes. To accurately predict the efficiency of the PMSM, a finite element model is used. The models are validated by test setups. Correspondingly, a good agreement between the measurements and the calculated results is achieved. A parameter study is performed to investigate the influence of the detailed component parameters (i.e., outer rotor radius, gear ratio, and number of pole pairs and stator slots) on the average efficiency of the drivetrain.