태생기 및 신생기 흰쥐 간장에서의 Putrescine 대사에 관한 연구

이군자 서울保健大學 1992 論文集 Vol.12 No.1

Vincristine 이 Mouse 간장의 인산염분해효소 활성에 미치는 영향

이군자,김자영,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1987 한양의대 학술지 Vol.7 No.2

Vincristine is a cytotoxic tubulin binding agent, derived from the periwinkle plant, Vinca rosea Linn. It has been known as a potent mitotic inhibitor that has found their place as effective drug in combination chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of humanleukemias, lymphomas and a variety of solid tumors. The major antitumor effect of this agent appears to be related to its high affinity binding to the basic protein subunit of microtubules, tubulin, which results in disruption of the mitotic spindle apparatus and arrest cells in metaphase. Neurotoxicity is dose-limiting toxicity of administration of vincristine. Vincristine also acts on normally proliferating cells. The author has investigated the effect of vincristine on the mouse liver histochemially observing the change in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). The mice of the vincristine treated group were given 2.5mg per kg of body weight of mouse in the form of vincristine in 0.9% sodium chlorid and the animals of control group were given 0.9% sodium chlorid only through intraperitoneal injection. After administration, the animals were killed at intervals of 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours. The specimens which were obtained from the anterior lobe or of the liver, were fixed in 10%-neutral formalin at 4℃ and sectioned at 16㎛ thickness in frozen cryostat. He activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase were observed by Gomori's method and by Wachstein-Meisel's method, respectively. The results are as follows: 1. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was weakly positive in the perioportal and intermedicate zones, trace positive in the central zone of the hepatic lobule of the 6 hours vincristine treated group. Trace positive reaction was observed in the hepatic lobule of 12 hours vincristine treated group. Negative reaction in the central zone, trace positive reaction in the intermediate zone and weakly positive reaction in the periportal zone were observed. Trace positive reaction was observed in the central zone and weakly positive reaction was seen in the intermediate and periportal zone of the hepatic was seen in the intermediate and periportal zone of the hepatic lobule of 36 hours vincristine treated group. 2. ATPase activity was weakly positive in the central and periportal zones and trace positive in the intermediate zone of the hepatic lobule of 6 hours vincristine treated group. Trace positive reaction was observed in the entire hepatic lobule of 12 hours vincristine treated group. There are weakly positive in the 24 hours vincristine treated group and moderately positive reaction in the whole hepatic lobule of the 36 hours vincristine treated group. Consequently, it is suggested that vincristine decreases activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in the liver, due probably to the cytotoxic effect of the drug on the liver.

흰쥐 胎兒의 肝臟에서 Chloramphenicol 이 赤血球 形成에 미치는 影響

이군자,최문성,정호삼 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.2

Chloramphenicol inhibits not only the bacterial protein synthesis by binding tothe 70S ribosome but also the mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis. Since chloramphenicol has strong binding affinity to the bone marrow cells, bone marrow suppression is resulted from the administration of the chloramphenicol. In case the chlormphenicol is administered to pregnant rat, the fetal hematopoiesis as well as the adult hematopoiesis may be altered. so the auther undertook the present study to pursue the d\effect of the chloramphenicol on the number and morphological changes of the hematopoitic cells in the fetal liver. Female sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150g were mated with male rats and the pregnancy was confirmed by means of the vaginal smear. Chloramphenicol (300mg/kg) was administered to the experimental animals once a day from the 15th to the 20th day of the pregnancy. The specimens obtained from the liver of the fetus were fixed in the Xenker solution and stained with Hemaoxylin-eosin-Azure Ⅱ for light microscopic study. 1. In the 17, 18, and 19day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, and normoblasts were similar to those of the control groups. 2. In the 19, and 20day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of the proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts were increased slightly and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the proerythroblasts in the 19day old fetal liver. 3. In the 19,20, and 21day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of the normoblasts was decreased. From the result of present study it is suggested that the parenterally administered chloramphenicol is transfered to the fetus in the form of chloramphenicol or its metabolites and it inhibits the fetal hematopoietic function.

Dichlorvos가 mouse간장의 인산염분해효소 활성에 미치는 영향

이규식,김원경,이군자,정호삼 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1987 環境科學論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Dichlorvos(DDVP)는 유기인제 화합물로서 체내에서 쉽게 가수분해되어 인체에 대한 독성은 비교적 약하나 농촌에서 살충제와 곤충의 구충제로 사용될 뿐만 아니라 도시에서도 가정용 살충제로 널리 사용되고 있어 그 취급과 부주의로 인하여 급성중독증상이 빈번히 발생되어 사회문제로 대두되고 있다. 다량의 DDVP에 중독되면 carboxyl esterase활성이 억제되어 acetylcholine이 축적되고 이로 인하여 신경기능장애가 나타나며 cyclic-AMP의 분비가 증가되어 탄수화물, 단백질 및 지방의 대사과정에도 변화가 나타나게 된다. 이에 저자는 DDVP를 실험동물에 투여하면 이로 인한 신경기능장애를 일으킬 뿐 아니라 간장에서 해독과정을 거치면서 간실질세포에 독성이 나타나리라 사료되어 alkaline phosphatase와 adenosine triphosphatase활성을 조직화학적으로 검색하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 20gm내외의 ICR계 웅성 mouse에 체중 kg당 40mg의 DDVP를 주사용 증류수 0.2ml에 희석하여 복강내로 주사하고 1.5시간, 3시간, 6시간, 12시간 및 24시간 경과 후에 희생시켜 간장의 좌측전엽을 적출하고 alkaline phosphatase활성은 Gomori법으로, adenosine triphosphatase활성은 Wachstein-Meisel법으로 염색하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Alkaline phosphatase활성은 DDVP투여 1.5시간 경과군에서 mouse간장의 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 강한 양성반응을 나타내어 일시적인 활성의 증가를 나타내었으나 시간이 경과함에 따라 효소의 활성이 감소하여 DDVP투여 12시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 주변대에서는 중등도의 양성반응을 나타내었으며 간소엽 중간대에서는 음성반응을 나타내었다. 2. Adenosine triphosphatase활성은 DDVP투여 1.5시간 경과군에서는 mouse간장의 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 모두 중등도의 양성반응을 나타내었고 DDVP투여 3시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 전역에 걸쳐 강한 양성반응을 나타내었으며 시간이 경과함에 따라 점차 감소하여 12시간 경과군에서는 간소엽 주변대와 중간대에서 약한 양성반응을 나타내고 간소엽 중심대에서는 미약한 양성반응을 나타내었다. 이상의 소견을 종합한 바 DDVP는 mouse간장에서 초기단계에서는 물질대사에 관여하는 alkaline phosphatase및 adenosine triphosphatase활성이 증가되나 시간이 경과함에 따라 이들 효소활성이 저하되는 것으로 사료된다. Dichlorvos(DDVP) as an organophosphorus compound is so easily and rapidly hydrolyzed that it has a little toxic effect on man. But it has been so widely used as an industrial and domestic insecticide and anthelmintic agent for animals that the accident of chemical poisoning occurs frequently. DDVP is a powerful inhibitor of carboxylic esterase resulting in accumulation of acetylcholine at the synapses, which in turn causes paralysis of the transmission in cholinergic synapses. And the accumulation of the acetylcholine brings the elevation of the cyclic-AMP level that alters the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and lipid. Owing to changes in the metabolism and the detoxification in the liver, hepatic parenchymal cells may be damaged. Therefore, the author undertook the present study to pursue the toxic effect of the DDVP on the phosphatase activity in the liver. Albino mice, ICR strain, weighing 20gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals sacrificed at 1.5,3,6,12 and 24 hours after administration of 40mg/kg of DDVP. The specimens obtained from the liver were sectioned with 16㎛ thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed by the Gomori's method and the activity of adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein-Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was strongly positive in the periportal and central zones of the hepatic lobule of the 1.5 hour-DDVP treated group. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was decreased with time, and moderate positive activity in the periportal zone and negative activity in the central and intermediate zones of the hepatic lobule were observed in the 12 hour-DDVP treated group. 2. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase was moderately positive in the periportal and central zones of the hepatic lobule of the 1.5 hour- DDVP treated group and the strongly positive in the entire hepatic lobule of the 3 hour-DDVP treated group. The activity of adenosine triphosphatase was decreased with time and weak positive activity in the periportal and intermediate zones and trace positive activity in the central zone of the hepatic lobule were observed in the 12 hour- DDVP treated group.

Mitomycin C투여에 의한 공막의 조직병리학적 연구

이군자 서울保健大學 1996 論文集 Vol.16 No.1

익상편 수술 후 재발 방지를 위하여 사용되고 있는 MMC를 안구의 성장이 활발한 어린 흰쥐에게 점안한 후 나타나는 공막의 조직학적 및 조작 화학적인 변화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 저농도(0.04mg/mL)의 MMC를 점안한 공막에서는 조직학적인 변화를 관찰할 수 없었으나, 고농도(0.1mg/mL) 의 MMC를 3일간 점안한 실험군과 7일간 점안한 실험군에서는 공막실질의 아교섬유의 간격이 상당히 벌어졌으며 이러한 조직 손상은 MMC 점안을 중지한 후에도 완전히 회복되지 않았다. 2) 고농도(0.lmg/mL)의 MMC를 점안한 실험군의 공막실질에서 alkaline phosphatase 활성은 약간 감소하였으며, MMC 투여 후 7일이 경과한 경우에도 효소활성이 회복되지 않았다. 3) 저농도(0.04mg/mL) 및 고농도(0.lmg/mL)는 MMC를 점안한 실험군의 공막실질에서 섬유모세포와 제I형 아교질 항체에 대한 반응은 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으며, MMC 점안 후 7일이 경과한 실험군에서도 제I형 아교질항체에 대한 반응은 회복되지 않았다. 4) 저농도의 MMC를 1회 점안한 실험군, 3일간 점안한 실험군, 접안 후 7일 경과군 및 고농도의 MMC를 1회 투여한 실험군의 공막실질에서는 Cu, Zn-SOD 활성이 관찰되었으나, 고농도의 MMC를 장기간 점안한 실험군과 점안 후 7일이 경과한 실험군에서는 활성이 관찰되지 않았다. 이상과 같은 결과로 MMC를 점안한 흰쥐의 공막실질에서는 일시적으로 Cu, Zn-SOD 의 활성이 증가하여 MMC에 의한 조직독성을 일부 줄일 수 있을 것으로 생각되나, MMC를 계속 점안한 경우에는 alkaline phosphatase 활성이 감소하고 아교섬유의 합성능력이 감소하여 공막실질의 아교섬유가 정상적인 판(lamella) 을 형성하지 못하여 공막괴사 등의 부작용이 나타나는 것으로 생각되며, 고농도의 MMC를 점안한 경우에는 점안을 중지한 후에도 공막에 조직독성이 나타나는 것으로 생각된다. Mitomycin C(MMC), widely used as an adjunct in the surgical treatment of pterygium, was instilled to the young rats to evaluate the histologic and histopathologic toxicity of the sclera. 1. Significant histologic changes were not detected in the lower dose of MMC(0.04mg/mL) treated groups, but lamella structure of sclera was irregular in the higher dose of MMC(0.1mg/ mL) treated groups. These structural changes were not recovered within 7days after ceasation of MMC instillation. 2. Alkaline phosphatase activity was decreased in the higher dose of MMC treated groups, and it was not recovered within 7 days after ceasation of MMC instillation. 3. Type I collagen and type I collagen synthetic activity of fibroblast were decreased in the lower and higher dose of MMC treated groups, and these changes were not recovered within 7 days after ceasation of MMC instillation. 4. Cu, Zn-SOD activity was increased in the lower dose of MMC treated groups and single application of higher dose of MMC, but Cu, Zn-SOD activity was not detected in the other higher dose of MMC treated groups. These results indicate that increase of Cu, Zn-SOD activity may reduce the MMC toxicity temporarily, but repeated MMC treatment changes the sclera irregular by decreasing biosynthesis of collagen in the fibroblast. These irregular lamella structure may lead to necrotizing scleritis.

콘택트렌즈 착용자에서 각막곡률과 TBUT의 변화

마기중,이군자 서울보건대학 1999 서울보건대학 부설 한국보건과학연구소 논문집 Vol.5 No.1

RGP 및 Soft 콘택트렌즈 착용자 28명을 대상으로 콘택트렌즈 착용 후 1년 동안 각막곡률과 굴절이상도 및 눈물의 변화도를 알아보았다. 각막곡률과 굴절이상도에 대한 데이터분석은 디옵터굴절력을 디옵터굴절력매트릭스로 변환시키고 단변량 및 다변량 통계분석을 하고 3차원 h벡터 공간에 신뢰영역을 도시하였다. 각막곡률의 평균변화도는 RGP 착용군에서 주로 h_(3) 성분이 플랫하게 변화되며 1년후에는 수평성분도 플랫하게 변화되었고, Soft 착용군에서는 착용초기 플랫하게 변하다가 1년후에는 약간 스티프해지는 변화를 보였으나, 착용전후 각막곡률의 평균에 대한 3변량 가설검증 결과 두 그룹 모두 착용전과 비교하여 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(w<F_(0.05. 3. n-3)). 굴절이상도의 평균변화도는 RGP착용군에서 h_(1) 및 h_(3) 성분이 착용전과 비교하여 감소한 것으로 나타났으나 (p<0.05), Soft 착용군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 3변량 가설검증 결과 두 그룹 모두 착용전과 비교하여 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다(w<F_(0.05. 3. n-3)). 각막곡률의 변화와 굴절이상도의 변화는 RGP 착용군에서 h_(2) 성분만 낮은 상관관계를 보였다(p<0.05). 비침입성 눈물막 파괴시간은 침입성 눈물막 파괴시간보다 평균값에서 길게 측정 되었으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 눈물막 파괴시간을 측정하는 TBUT 방법과 NIBUT 방법은 서로 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 콘택트렌즈 l년 착용군의 TBUT 검사에 의한 눈물막 파괴시간은 대조군에 비하여 감소하였으며 통계학적으로도 유의한 차이가 나타났다 (p<0.05). 따라서 RGP 렌즈를 장기간 착용하게 되면 각막굴절력 및 각막난시도의 감소와 굴절이상도의 구면성분 및 원주성분이 감소될 것이며, 콘택트렌즈 착용에 의하여 눈물이 불안정해진다고 생각된다. 28 patients wearing RGP and soft contact lenses were studied for one year. Data analysis of variation in corneal curvature and refractive error was carried out using matrix representations of conventional dioptric power. Confidence regions for mean dioptric power were represented by principal axes in a 3 - D space called h - space. Variations in the corneal curvature of RGP Group did show a significant decrease (h_(3) component). but those of Soft Group showed irregular change of intial flattening and minor steepening during experimental period. Variations in refractive error were significant decrease in both h1 component and h₃component of RGP Group. However, no significant changes were found in either corneal curvature and refractive error by the multi-variate statistics. NIBUT values were slightly higher than the TBUT values in average. but there was no difference statistically in control eyes. No significant correlation was found in either TBUT or NIBUT values. The stability of the precorneal tear film after 1year of wear was slightly lower than those of the precorneal tear film before lens insertion in the values of TBUT.

Cyclophosphamide가 Mouse 肝臟의 燐酸鹽 分解酵素 活性에 미치는 影響

강성준,이군자,정호삼,이규식 한양대학교 의과대학 1985 한양의대 학술지 Vol.5 No.2

Cyclophosphamide which is known as a widely used anticancer drug is very effective against a lymphosarcoma, leukemia and nonneoplasmic diseases such as rhematoid arthritis and lupus erythematosus. Cyclophosphamide acts on a DNA as a alkylating agent inhibiting the cell division and growth. And it is also known that metabolites of cyclophosphamide damages the liver cell. The authors have, therefore, undertaken to pursue the effect of cyclophosphamide on the phosphatase activity in the liver. Albino mice, DDY strain, weighing 20gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were administered daily with 200gm of cyclophosphamide per kilogram of body weight were divided into 7-day treatment group and 10-day treatment group. The specimens obtained from the liver were fixed with 10% formalin and sliced at 16 μm thickness in a frozen cryostat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed by the Gomori's method and activity of the adenosine triphosphatase was observed by the Wachstein-Meisel's method for histochemical study. The results were as follows. 1. Alkaline phosphatase activity of the hepatic lobule was moderately positive at the periportal and intermediate zone of the 7-day cyclophosphamide treatment group and trace activity of alkaline phosphatase was observed at the periportal and intermediate zone of the 10-day cyclophosphamide treatment group. 2. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of the hepatic lobule was moderately positive at the periportal, central and intermediate zone of the 7-day cyclophosphamide treatment group and weakly positive at the central and periportal zone of the 10-day cyclophosphamide treatment group.

Interleukin-2가 Mouse 비장의 임파구에 미치는 영향

정호삼,이군자,이규식,김호성 한양대학교 의과대학 1989 한양의대 학술지 Vol.9 No.1

Interleukin-2, T-cell growth factor, is a glycoprotein produced by antigen or mitogen induced activated T-lymphocyte. Interleukin-2 mediates antitumor lytic effect by increasing the generation of lymphokine activated killer cells. Thus it could mediate the regression of metastases of various tumors. Although, interleukin-2 shows therapeutic effects on various sarcoma and carcinoma, it induces many toxicity; fever, chill, chillness hepatic dysfunction, weight gain, pulmonary edema, ascites, and eosinophilia. Therefore the author undertook the present study to pursue the effect of interleukin-2 on the spleen. Albino mice, DDY strain, weighing 20gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were killed at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after administration of 2,000,000 unit/kg interleukin-2. The specimens obtained from the spleen were stained with Hematoxylin-eosin and Hematoxylin-eosin-Azure Ⅱ for hitological study. The results were as follows. 1. The sinuses of the red pulp in the spleen were expanded at the 3 hours after interleukin-2 administration but they were recovered after 6 hours. 2. Small lymphocytes in the spleen were increased in humber at the 3 hours after interleukin-2 administration but they were decreased after 6 hours. 3. Medium and large lymphocytes in the mouse spleen were increased in number at the 12, 24 and 48 hours after interleukin-2 treated mouse spleen. 4. Numerous plasmacytoid lymphocytes were observed in the mouse spleen after 24 and 48 hours after interleukin-2 administration. Consequently, it is suggested that interleukin-2 would change the lymphocyte formation in the mouse spleen.

Adriamycin 및 Epiadriamycin 투여가 Mouse 심장근의 Na+, K+ - ATPase 활성에 미치는 영향

곽진구,이군자,정호삼,이규식 대한해부학회 1988 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.21 No.1

Adriamycin and epiadriamycin, which are anthracyclin antibiotics isolated from Streptomyces peucetius caesius, inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis, and have been widely used as anticancer drugs. Adriamycin and epiadriamycin have so little specificity toward the normal and tumor cells that they cause cellular damage by inhibiting protein synthesis and by peroxidation of membrane unsaturated fatty acids. Therefore the authors undertook the present study to pursue the effect of adriamycin and epiadriamycin on the cardiac muscle cells. Albino mice, ICR strain, weighing 20 gm were used as experimental animals. The experimental animals were killed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after administration of 30 mg/kg of adriamycin and 36 mg/kg of epiadriamycin, respectively. The specimens obtained from left ventricle of the heart were frozen in the cryostat and stained by Guty and Albers' method for Na^(+), K^(+)-ATPase activity. The result obtained were as follows: 1. The Na^(+), K^(+)-ATPase activity in the left ventricular cardiac muscle cells was weakly' positive in the 12-hour and 24-hour adriamycin treated groups and trace positive in the 72-hour adriamycin treated group. 2. The Na^(+), K^(+)-ATPase activity in the left ventricular cardiac muscle cells was moderately posoitive in the 12-hour and 48 hour epiadriamycin treated groups and weakly positive in the 72-hour epiadriamycin treated group. Consequently, it is suggested that adriamycin and epiadriamycin inhibit Na^(+), K^(+)-ATPase activity, the inhibition being due to cytotoxic effect of the drug and that the cardiac toxicity of epiadriamycin appears to be less than that of adriamycin.

한국인에서 표준모형안의 설계

마기중,이군자,이동희,이명하 凡石學術奬學財團 2000 凡石學術論文集 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of our study was modelling of schematic eye in Korean. Subjects for the study were 105 students(average 23.5 years) in department of ophthalmic optics of Seoul Health College. Ocular components were measured by Orbscan topography system. ultrasonic pachymetry, and A-scan ultrasonography under cycloplegic condition. Crystalline lens radii were calculated by Bennett's method. Prior to obtain the data for modelling of schematic eye in Korean, we were assess the various methods for measurements of principal optical dimensions. Equivalent powers and principal points of schematic eye were calculated using the Gaussian paraxial equation. Refractive indices of intraocular media were used values in Gullstrand - Emseley schematic eye. Korean four-surface schematic eye modelled by authors was significant different in Gullstrand - Emsley three-surface schematic eye. That is emmetropic eyes of Korean were flatter anterior radius of cornea, steeper posterior radius of cornea, weaker equivalent corneal power, thinner lens thickness, weaker equivalent lens power, shorter axial length and stronger equivalent power of the eye than Gullstrand - Emsley schematic eye.