Congratulatory Message

Kobayashi,Kompenhans 한국가시화정보학회 2003 한국가시화정보학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Search for sub-GeV dark matter by annual modulation using XMASS-I detector

Kobayashi, M.,Abe, K.,Hiraide, K.,Ichimura, K.,Kishimoto, Y.,Kobayashi, K.,Moriyama, S.,Nakahata, M.,Ogawa, H.,Sato, K.,Sekiya, H.,Suzuki, T.,Takeda, A.,Tasaka, S.,Yamashita, M.,Yang, B.S.,Kim, N.Y.,K North-Holland Pub. Co 2019 Physics letters. Section B Vol.795 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A search for dark matter (DM) with mass in the sub-GeV region (0.32–1 GeV) was conducted by looking for an annual modulation signal in XMASS, a single-phase liquid xenon detector. Inelastic nuclear scattering accompanied by bremsstrahlung emission was used to search down to an electron equivalent energy of 1 keV. The data used had a live time of 2.8 years (3.5 years in calendar time), resulting in a total exposure of 2.38 ton-years. No significant modulation signal was observed and 90% confidence level upper limits of 1.6 × <SUP> 10 − 33 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 0.5 GeV was set for the DM-nucleon cross section. This is the first experimental result of a search for DM mediated by the bremsstrahlung effect. In addition, a search for DM with mass in the multi-GeV region (4–20 GeV) was conducted with a lower energy threshold than previous analysis of XMASS. Elastic nuclear scattering was used to search down to a nuclear recoil equivalent energy of 2.3 keV, and upper limits of 2.9 × <SUP> 10 − 42 </SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 8 GeV was obtained.</P>

Determining the Absolute Abundances of Natural Radioactive Elements on the Lunar Surface by the Kaguya Gamma-ray Spectrometer

Kobayashi, S.,Hasebe, N.,Shibamura, E.,Okudaira, O.,Kobayashi, M.,Yamashita, N.,Karouji, Y.,Hareyama, M.,Hayatsu, K.,d’Uston, C.,Maurice, S.,Gasnault, O.,Forni, O.,Diez, B.,Reedy, R. C.,Kim, K. J. Springer-Verlag 2010 Space science reviews Vol.154 No.1

EFFECTS OF FRUCTO-OLIGOSACCHARIDES ON MILK-YIELD AND MILK-COMPONENTS OF DAIRY COWS

Kobayashi, S.,Eida, T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.1

Fructo-oligosaccharides are found in many plants, such as onion, burdock and wheat. They are not well hydrolyzed by digestive enzymes in animals, but are peculiarly assimilated by Bifidobacterium and some useful bacteria. In our previous experiment (Kobayashi et al., 1987) it was suggested that they were effective in decreasing energy loss in the metabolism of dairy calves. In the present study, the effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on body weight, milk-yield and milk-components (fat, protein and solids-not-fat) were investigated in dairy cows. Lactating cows were fed a standard diet containing fructoligo saccharides at 18.70g, 9.35g and 0.0g (control) per 100kg body weight, day for three weeks. Neither treatments significantly affected any of the parameters examined. The fructo-oligosaccharides were assumed to be hydrolyzed by rumen microorganisms and hardly to affect the bacterium florae in the intestines of the lactating cows.

Synthesis and Properties of Functional Phenolic Resins

Ataru Kobayashi,Tsuyoshi Kimura,Mamiko Nishi,Go kobayashi,Takatsugu Tajima,Tadamasa Nemoto,Yoshiaki Nakamoto 한국고분자학회 2006 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2006 No.10

Examining the Effects of Metacognitive Instruction in Oral Communication for EFL Learners

Ayako Kobayashi 아시아영어교육학회 2020 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.17 No.2

This study investigated the effects of metacognitive instruction in oral communication for EFL learners over a semester. Participants (N = 58) were sampled from four oral communication classes in a private university in the western part of Japan where the researcher had been working as an English instructor. They were freshmen whose majors were not English. The treatment group (n = 28) received metacognitive instruction in oral communication (i.e., they were taught how to improve oral communication skills and how to become more autonomous learners through metacognitive processes as well as activities such as planning, monitoring, and reflecting). The contrast group (n = 30), taught by the same teacher, did not receive metacognitive instruction although they used the same textbooks and materials and had more time for interaction in English. Results of the questionnaire (SRLQ, the Self-Regulated Learning in Oral Communication Questionnaire, Kobayashi, 2016a) showed that students in the treatment group became more self-regulated learners. Moreover, it was found that the treatment group made greater gains in interactional competence, regulation of cognition, cognitive strategies and interaction strategies. Furthermore, it was verified that learners with low interactional competence in the treatment group benefited the most from such metacognitive instruction.

Difficulties faced by children with disabilities and their families in the event of a disaster

KOBAYASHI Tomoko,ISHIKAWA Rei,OISHI Hirofumi 아시아장애사회학회 2011 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.11 No.-

It is necessary to shed light on difficulties faced by parents in the event of a disaster We studied that was to shed light on the difficulties faced by the parents of disabled children in the event of a disaster. The results showed that “home" was seleded by the highest number of respondents as shelter life place, followed by "car". On the other hand, number of users of "regional evacuation center" was 1/3 rd of that of “ home 씨 and around 2/3 rd of that of “car. Establis hment of such evacuation centers with much beUer support facilities compared to ordinary evacuation centers to ensure that disabled children , disabled people and their family need not live at home or in car feeling unsecured and unsafe, is extremely beneficial ‘

中上級日本語クラスにおける Problem-based Learningの試み : 学習者の動機づけに着目して

Kobayashi, Akiko,Fukuda, Michiko 한국일어교육학회 2020 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.51

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and issues in the practice of Problem-based Learning (PBL) in Japanese language instruction as regards learner motivation. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 22 international students learning Japanese, and 4 learners who exhibited characteristic changes in motivation were interviewed. No change in motivation was found as a result of PBL in the class taken as a whole, but individual differences were indicated. Learners who fulfilled the three psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness showed improved motivation. In contrast, learners who did not meet the three psychological needs presented no change or decrease in motivation. For example, learners who perceived group activities as meaningful fulfilled the need of relatedness and displayed increased motivation. On the other hand, learners who recognized that they deepened their opinions had lower motivation. This suggests that it was necessary to spend additional time on individual activities before group activities to support more active exchange of opinions. Some issues of PBL were indicated from the viewpoint of motivation, and the overall progress of the class was considered. 本研究の目的は、Problem-based Learning(PBL)を取り入れた日本語授業を実施し、学習者の動機づけ という観点からPBLの有効性と課題を探ることであった。日本国内の大学で中上級日本語クラスを履 修する留学生22名を対象に、PBL実施前後の動機づけの変化と影響要因を探った。質問紙調査を実施 したうえで、特徴的な動機づけの変化を示した学習者4名に対してインタビューを行い、動機づけに影 響を与えた要因を考察した。結果として、クラス全体としてはPBL実施前後に動機づけの変動は見ら れなかったが、学習者による個人差が見られた。PBLを通して自律性、有能性、関係性の3つの心理的欲 求が満たされていた学習者では、内発的動機づけの上昇が見られたが、3つの心理的欲求が満たされな かった学習者では、変化が見られないか、または下降がみられた。例えば、PBLのなかで実施したグ ループ討論や分担読解を有意義だと認識した学習者では、関係性の欲求が満たされ内発的動機づけが 高まっていた。一方、それらの活動において相手の発言がよく理解できない、話し合っても考えが深 まらないと認識した学習者は、内発的動機づけが下降していた。このことから、情報収集や資料の読 解といった個人活動により多くの時間を割き、その後のグループ活動における情報共有や意見交換が 活発になるよう支援することが必要であることが示唆された。その他にも動機づけの観点からPBL実 施上の課題が示され、それらをもとに授業改善案を検討した。

Comparison of Structural Types of L-Alanine Pentamer by Quantum Chemical Calculation

Kobayashi Minoru,심재호 한국공업화학회 2022 공업화학 Vol.33 No.4

L-alanine (LA, as an amino acid residue) pentamer model was used to investigate changes in the dihedral angle, intramolecular hydrogen bonding and formation energies during structural optimization. LA pentamers having four conformation types [β: φ/ψ=t−/t+, α: φ/ψ=g−/g−, PPII: φ/ψ=g−/t+ and P-like: φ/ψ= g−/g+] were carried out by quantum chemical calculations (QCC) [B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)]. In LA, β, α, and P-like types did not change by optimization, having an intra-molecular hydrogen bond: NH···OC (H-bond), and PPII types in the absence of H-bond were transformed into P-like at the designated ψ of 140°, and to β at that of 160° or 175°. P-like and α were about 0.5 kcal/mol/mu more stable than β. In order to understand the processes of the transformations, the changes of φ/ψ, distances of NH-OC (dNH/CO) and formation energies (ΔE, kcal/mol/mu) were examined.

Behavior of pyriftalid in soil and its phytotoxic activity on Echinochloa oryzoides seedlings emerging from various soil depths

Kobayashi, Katsuichiro,Tsunekawa, Yuko The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.4

The phytotoxic activity of pyriftalid ([RS]-7-[4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylthio]-3-methyl-2-benzofuran-1[3H]-one) on barnyard grass (Echinochloa oryzoides) seedlings emerging from various depths in the soil was investigated in relation to its behavior in the soil. The growth of the barnyard grass seedlings in the soil mixed with pyriftalid was inhibited, depending on the concentration of the herbicide in the soil water but not on the amount in the total soil. A topmost pyriftalid-treated layer was formed by applying the herbicide to the soil surface under water-leakage conditions. The concentration of pyriftalid in the soil water and the amount that was adsorbed on the soil solid decreased with time, but the decrease was more marked in the pyriftalid concentration in the soil water than in the amount that was adsorbed on the soil solid. The emergence time of barnyard grass in the soil was faster in the seeds that were located in the shallower soil layer, compared to the deeper soil layer. The growth inhibition of the barnyard grass seedlings emerging from the shallower soil layer was greater than that of the barnyard grass seedlings emerging from the deeper soil layer after the soil surface application of pyriftalid. It is suggested that the emergence timing from the different soil depths is an important factor affecting the herbicidal activity of pyriftalid when it is applied to the soil surface under paddy field conditions.