Long second toe: its nail and skin changes

( Geun-hwi Park ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Tae-wook Kim ),( Sung-min Park ),( Hyun-joo Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Nail can be affected by trauma, infection, and systematic disorders. In particular, the toe nails are exposed to the repeated and cumulative minor traumas, which usually result in thickened, splitted, and discolorated nails. Considering these, it can be inferred that the long second toe can be related to various nail and skin changes by repeated minor traumas such as friction in shoes, but the study or report on this topic hasn’t been done yet. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to introduce various nail and skin changes on long second toe. Methods: We analyzed the kinds of nail/skin changes of 50 patients with long second toe, enrolled at Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from 2013 to 2018. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence of left and right toe and toenail, and 7 (14%) patients presented bilateral distribution. The most common nail change on long second toe was melanonychia (23, 46%), followed by subungual hematoma (15, 30%), onycholysis (2, 4%), subungual hyperkeratosis (2, 4%), onychomadesis (1, 2%), and retronychia (1, 2%). The most common skin change was corn (9, 18%), followed by paronychia (2, 4%). Twenty (20/50, 40%) patients also had other toe or toenail changes. Among them, the most common site was big toe/nail (13, 62%), and the most common change was subungual hematoma (8, 42%). Conclusion: Through this study, the dermatologists can recognize and diagnose the nail and skin changes of long second toe.

Factors associated with inflammatory change of epidermal cyst

( Jisang Yun ),( Kyung-nam Bae ),( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byungsoo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Kihyuk Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Background: Epidermal cysts (EC) are the most common tumors found on the skin and accompanying inflammation is also frequent. However, the predictors for inflammatory change have not been investigated yet. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the difference between inflamed and uninflamed epidermal cysts, and to assess associated factors for inflammatory change. Methods: We analyzed the biopsy-proven 1723 epidermal cysts (515 inflamed and 1208 uninflamed) at two tertiary hospitals from 2011 to 2021. Results: The proportion of inflamed epidermal cysts (IEC) and uninflamed epidermal cyst (UIEC) were 29.9 % and 70.1 %, respectively. Inflammatory change was less frequently observed on the face (25.5 %) than the other sites (32.1 %) (p=0.0046). The anatomic location with the highest rate of inflammatory change was back (40.8 %, p=0.0004). Mean duration of inflammatory change from UIEC to IEC on the face was shorter than the other sites (12.5 months vs 17.9 months, respectively, p= 0.0473). On ultrasonography, long axis of IEC (20.7mm) was generally longer than that of UIEC (15.7mm) (p=0.0218). Moreover, Inflammatory change was more frequent on the EC with punctum compared to those without punctum (35.3 % vs 30.3 %, P=0.0471). Conclusion: Based on the location, size and presence of punctum, decision on the optimal treatment strategies can be established when encountering patients with EC.

FC 2-8 : Factors associated with inflammatory change of epidermal cyst

( Jisang Yun ),( Kyung-nam Bae ),( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byungsoo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Kihyuk Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.-

Background: Epidermal cysts (EC) are the most common tumors found on the skin and accompanying inflammation is also frequent. However, the predictors for inflammatory change have not been investigated yet. Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the difference between inflamed and uninflamed epidermal cysts, and to assess associated factors for inflammatory change. Methods: We analyzed the biopsy-proven 1723 epidermal cysts (515 inflamed and 1208 uninflamed) at two tertiary hospitals from 2011 to 2021. Results: The proportion of inflamed epidermal cysts (IEC) and uninflamed epidermal cyst (UIEC) were 29.9 % and 70.1 %, respectively. Inflammatory change was less frequently observed on the face (25.5 %) than the other sites (32.1 %) (p=0.0046). The anatomic location with the highest rate of inflammatory change was back (40.8 %, p=0.0004). Mean duration of inflammatory change from UIEC to IEC on the face was shorter than the other sites (12.5 months vs 17.9 months, respectively, p= 0.0473). On ultrasonography, long axis of IEC (20.7mm) was generally longer than that of UIEC (15.7mm) (p=0.0218). Moreover, Inflammatory change was more frequent on the EC with punctum compared to those without punctum (35.3 % vs 30.3 %, P=0.0471). Conclusion: Based on the location, size and presence of punctum, decision on the optimal treatment strategies can be established when encountering patients with EC.

Calculation of GHGs Emission from LULUCF-Cropland Sector in South Korea

Park, Seong-Jin,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Myung-Sook,Yun, Sun-Gang,Kim, Yoo-Hak,Ko, Byong-Gu 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

he land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, $N_2O$ emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and $CO_2$ emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCF-Cropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg $CO_2$-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF-Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg $CO_2$-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area.

Calculation of GHGs Emission from LULUCF-Cropland Sector in South Korea

Seong-Jin Park,Chang-Hoon Lee,Myung-Sook Kim,Sun-Gang Yun,Yoo-Hak Kim,Byong-Gu Ko 한국토양비료학회 2016 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.49 No.6

The land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) is one of the greenhouse gas inventory sectors that cover emission and removals of greenhouse gases resulting from land use such as agricultural activities and land use change. Particularly, LULUCF-Cropland sector consists of carbon stock changes in soil, N₂O emissions from disturbance associated with land use conversion to cropland, and CO₂ emission from agricultural lime application. In this paper, we conducted the study to calculate the greenhouse gases emission of LULUCFCropland sector in South Korea from 1990 to 2014. The emission by carbon stock changes, conversion to cropland and lime application in 2014 was 4424, 32, and 125 Gg CO₂-eq, respectively. Total emission from the LULUCF- Cropland sector in 2014 was 4,582 Gg CO₂-eq, increased by 508% since 1990 and decreased by 0.7% compared to the previous year. Total emission from this sector showed that the largest sink was the soil carbon and its increase trend in total emission in recent years was largely due to loss of cropland area.

P177 Dermoscopic findings during the course of β -blocker treatment for infantile hemangioma

( Jin-hwa Son ),( Hyun-ju Jin ),( Hyang-suk You ),( Woo-haing Shim ),( Jeong-min Kim ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ) 대한피부과학회 2016 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.68 No.2

<div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div><div style="display:none">fiogf49gjkf0d</div> Background: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for examining morphology and structure of blood vessels in vascular skin lesions like infantile hemangioma (IH). However, dermoscopic findings are not fully elucidated in the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Objectives: To investigate changes of dermoscopic findings during the course of β-blocker treatment for IH. Methods: Superficial or mixed-type IH patients treated with topical timolol solution or oral propranolol were enrolled in Pusan National University Hospitals (Busan and Yangsan) from November 2011 to January 2016. Clinical photograph and dermoscopic findings were recorded and assessed at the baseline, 1, 2, 3 and 6 months. Results: Total 115 patients (male: 38 and female: 77 / superficial type: 48 and mixed type: 67 / timolol: 77 and propranolol: 38) were included. Diffuse light erythema tended to be diminished but milky-red area increased gradually during the course of treatment. The patients treated with oral propranolol showed more prominent changes on each dermoscopic findings than those treated with topical timolol (p=0.023 and p=0.018, respectively). But, other findings like red-globular vessels, red-dot vessels, red-circulated vessels, red-linear vessels did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Dissolution of diffuse light erythema and increase of milky-red area were significant dermoscopic findings in accordance with clinical improvement after β -blocker therapy for IH.

Swivel joint를 이용한 비대칭 발치증례의 교정적 공간폐쇄

고창희,임성훈,김광원,정동기,김도영,박선주,양용근 조선대학교 구강생물학연구소 2003 口腔生物學硏究 Vol.27 No.1

Extraction therapy is popular treatment protocol in orthodontics. Generally, symmetric premolar extraction is performed. But, in some cases, asymmetric extraction is required to solve asymmetric dental alignment. But asymmetric extraction treatment has side effects and disadvantages like a) collapse of dental arch form. b) canting of occlusal plane, c) extended treatment duration. For a good treatment result, we applied the orthodontic space closing arch wire with swivel joint to allow rotational movement of arch wire segments during space closure, Now we present a case treated with orthodontic space closing arch wire with swivel joint.

삼일해방사상의 행정철학적 함축에 관한 연구

고창훈 제주대학교 1991 논문집 Vol.32 No.1

This thesis uses phenomenological marxist epistemology to re-interpret administrative meanings of March First Nation-Liberation Movement. It provides a new perspective on interpreting administrative practice growing from the roots of korean thohght. Trying to re-interpret the roots of korean administrative thought, I have emphasized (1) the meaning of everyday life which emerges from, korean movementers' painful efforts to reform the administrative structure against the obstacles of the ruling imperialism, (2) the inter-subjective meanings in the different schools of administrative thought which have advanced and developed this practical philosophy in administration, and (3) the significance of their methods and alternatives for reforming harsh administrative structurs. I assume that practical meaning in the development of korean administrative thought can be explored from three analytical perspectives; (1) peoples' everyday experience inface-to-face encounters, (2) the consciousness of the peole, which had been shaped by reflecting on experiences in everyday life, (3) the alternatives for changing the administrative structure which were developed from the experience and consciousness of everyday life. By exploring March First Nation-Liberation Movement' thoughts in these three perspectives, I have obtained some propositions about their practical efforts in administrative reform. 1. I can find two alternatives common to all movementers, of painful events which occurred from bad administration. For example, many people had been exploited by the ruling class and Japan imperialism in the era of colony. From these observations, I propose that an experience of a bad regime develops the meaningful thoughts in public administration. 2. I can find Inter-subjective consciousnesses among people from these experiences of everyday life. These inter-subjective consciousnesses were expressed by the movement of human and nation-liberation (an liberation movement against the feudal regime and imperialism). 3. I can find that these movementers formulated very practical, instead of contemplative, alternatives. The reason for their practical thinking can be explained by the everyday experience and their inter-subjective consciousnesses against vicious regimes. These findings support the perspectives and interpretations of this study. We learn that current praxis in korean administrative thought does and can grow from these movementers' messages, which result from interactions among everyday experences, consciousness, and regime reform, We learn two lessons from this study. one is that korean administrative scholars should learn from korean history and from those korean administrative movementers who struggled to improve the administive system. The other is that korean public administration should absorb and develop experiences and wisdom form the korean people's minds. This study reminds us that practical-administrative thought is rooted in the historical struggles and practical spirits of the people.

미군정시대의 정책형성과 집행과정에서의 주민과 정부의 갈등에 관한 연구 : The Case of Cheju-do 제주항쟁의 행정적 의미 탐구

고창훈 제주대학교 1994 논문집 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this article is to observe some particular characteristics of relationships between Cjiju-islander's and government in the era of American military rule(1945-1948). More specially, 1 am concenrned with understanding some aspects of special relationships of conflicts between people and government in Cheju island. In order to examine some characteristics of Cheju islanders' attitude against the policy of American military government, 1 try to concentrate more on the contexts of policy of american military government, examining contents of policy-making, policy-implementation through qualitative content analysis of articles of CHEJUSINBO (only one newspaper in Cheju-do of that days). In using survey method I am also explaining about why Cheju islanders support dissident groups rather than American military goverment : phenomenon of Cheju islanders' anti-government political orientation. 1 can learn about some aspects of relationships between people and American military governement through my research of content analysis on articles of newspapers (the period of analysis : 1947. 1. 1.-1948 4. 20.). In the concrete, 1 have some propositions about relationships between people and government 1. 1 can find experiences common to Cheju islander's knowledge against policy implementaion of American military government, of painful events which occured from bad administration. For example, American military government prohibited peoplr gtom snnibrtdsty meeting for 3.1 independence Movement Day with no reason and innocent six people had died by military police force's pistol shot in 1947. From my analysis 1 propose that an hard-oriented policy of American military government develops bad administration that had reatructured to support hard bureaucracy-centered society reather than people. 2. 1 can find that hard policy forming and unreasonable policy implmentation had made cheju islander's political judgements worse from pro-attitudes to american military rule to anti-government mode. 1 think that it is meaningful task to understand to the extent how to explain anti-government movement of Cheju islander's by means of some aspects of confict relationships between people and government on the process of policy forming and implementation. 1 concluded that policy direction of american military government had supported for the framework of anti-communism politics and military oriented patern of organization culture in Cheju island. 1 think that it is meaningful for my study to explain the failure and dilemma of policy making in the era of American military government that oppressed peaceful and autonomous expectation and desire of Cheju islander's toward democratic state building and good administration.

확장정보 트리를 이용한 요구 명세의 동적 행위 검증

고상복,이창훈,이경환 중앙대학교 정보통신연구소 1999 정보통신연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

요구 명세의 검증은 분석이 올바르게 수행되었다는 것을 보증해 주는 중요한 단계이다. 특히, 객체지향 소프트웨어 개발 주기의 설계 단계 이전에 소프트웨어 시스템의 동적인 행위는 검증 되어져야한다[Bou95]. 그래서, 본 논문에서는 객체지향 요구명세서의 동적 행위에 대한 검증 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 검증 방법의 첫 번째 절차에서 객체지향 요구명세를 구성하고 있는 객체와 동적 모델을 수정 객체 모델과 수정 동적 모델로 변환한다. 그리고 두 번째 절차에서는 수정 객체와 동적 모델을 정형 요구명세로 변환한다. 세 번째로서 정형 요구명세는 소프트웨어 시스템의 정적인 구조와 전체 시스템에 대한 동적인 면을 포함하는 확장 정보 트리로 변환한다. 마지막으로, 객체지향 요구 명세의 동적인 행위는 확장 정보 트리를 사용하여 검증한다. 본 연구에서 제안된 확장 정보 트리는 그래픽 표기법으로서 객체 지향 요구명세의 정적인 구조와 동적인 행위를 표현할 수 있다. 그 트리는 객체지향 요구명세로부터 체계적으로 구축될 수 있고 동적 행위의 검증에 사용되어진다. The verification of requirements specification is an important step to ensure that the analysis is performed correctly. Especially, the dynamic behavior of the software system under development must be verified before the design phase. In the thesis, an approach to verifying the dynamic behavior in object oriented requirements specification is proposed. In our approach, first, object and dynamic models are transformed into a formal specification via modified object and dynamic models, second, the formal specification is transformed into the extended information tree representation, which includes dynamic aspects of the overall system. Finally, the dynamic behavior is to verify against the model developed in the object requirements specification using extended information tree. The proposed extended information tree is a graphical representation that can represent the static structure and dynamic behavior in object oriented requirements specification. The tree can be systematically constructed from object oriented requirements specification and used to verify the dynamic behavior.