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Tension assisted metal transfer of graphene for Schottky diodes onto wafer scale substrates
Lee, Jooho,Lee, Su Chan,Kim, Yongsung,Heo, Jinseong,Lee, Kiyoung,Lee, Dongwook,Kim, Jaekwan,Lee, Sunghee,Lee, Chang Seung,Nam, Min Sik,Jun, Seong Chan IOP 2016 Nanotechnology Vol.27 No.7
<P>We developed an effective graphene transfer method for graphene/silicon Schottky diodes on a wafer as large as 6 inches. Graphene grown on a large scale substrate was passivated and sealed with a gold layer, protecting graphene from any possible contaminant and keeping good electrical contact. The Au/graphene was transferred by the tension-assisted transfer process without polymer residues. The gold film itself was used directly as the electrodes of a Schottky diode. We demonstrated wafer-scale integration of graphene/silicon Schottky diode using the proposed transfer process. The transmission electron microscopy analysis and relatively low ideality factor of the diodes indicated fewer defects on the interface than those obtained using the conventional poly(methyl methacrylate)-assisted transfer method. We further demonstrated gas sensors as an application of graphene Schottky diodes.</P>
Density-Induced Support Vector Data Description
Lee, KiYoung,Kim, Dae-Won,Lee, Kwang H.,Lee, Doheon IEEE 2007 IEEE transactions on neural networks Vol.18 No.1
<P>The purpose of data description is to give a compact description of the target data that represents most of its characteristics. In a support vector data description (SVDD), the compact description of target data is given in a hyperspherical model, which is determined by a small portion of data called support vectors. Despite the usefulness of the conventional SVDD, however, it may not identify the optimal solution of target description especially when the support vectors do not have the overall characteristics of the target data. To address the issue in SVDD methodology, we propose a new SVDD by introducing new distance measurements based on the notion of a relative density degree for each data point in order to reflect the distribution of a given data set. Moreover, for a real application, we extend the proposed method for the protein localization prediction problem which is a multiclass and multilabel problem. Experiments with various real data sets show promising results</P>
전완의 등척성 수축시 상대적인 중력토크를 고려한 근지구력시간 추정의 회귀모델
이기영(Kiyoung Lee),장지훈(Jihoon Jang),원종칠(Jongchil Won),이근용(Keunyong Lee),엄혁주(Hyokju Eum),이상식(Sangsik Lee) 대한전기학회 2019 전기학회논문지 Vol.68 No.10
Despite of muscle group and posture variability, regression model to estimate endurance time have mainly developed by using the percentage of maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC). This paper presented two regression models by using the relative load intensity %MVC and the relative gravitational torque ratio %GTR (gravitational torque ratio) as a prediction variable for the biceps brachii muscle, and compared these models with the existing models. Sixty volunteers (30 females, 30 males) participated in this study, and performed isometric contraction exercises at 6 relative load intensities from 30% to 80% of MVC increasing by 10%, respectively, until their exhaustion to determine endurance times. Two regression models were induced from two relations between the measured endurance times and %MVC and between those and %GTR, and compared with the existing models by their correlation, determinant coefficients (r2) and mean square errors (MSE). The results demonstrated that the presented models were valid to estimate muscle endurance time by using %GTR of the biceps brachii muscle.
이기영(Kiyoung Lee),김대원(Dae-Won Kim),이도헌(Doheon Lee),이광형(Kwang H. Lee) 한국정보과학회 2004 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.2Ⅱ
Conventional support vector machines (SVMs) find optimal hyperplanes that have maximal margins by treating all data equivalently. In the real world, however, the data within a data set may differ in degree of uncertainty or importance due to noise, inaccuracies or missing values in the data. Hence, if all data are treated as equivalent, without considering such differences, the optimal hyperplanes identified are likely to be less optimal. In this paper, to more accurately identify the optimal hyperplane in a given uncertain data set, we propose a membership-induced distance from a hyperplane using membership values, and formulate three kinds of membership-induced SVMs.
보건의료시설의 실내 예상 평균 온열감(PMV), 이산화탄소 농도, 소음도, 조도의 통합실내쾌적도(IEQh)를 통한 연간 실내 쾌적도 평가
이보람(Boram Lee),이대엽(Daeyeop Lee),반현경(Hyunkyung Ban),이세원(Sewon Lee),김규상(KyooSang Kim),이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2017 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.43 No.3
Objectives: A hospital is a complex building that serves many different purposes. The indoor environment in a hospital plays a major role in patient well-being and the work efficiency of the hospital staff. This study was conducted to evaluate overall comfort in two major hospitals over the course of one year. Methods: Various indoor environmental conditions were measured in two general hospitals for one year (April 2014 to April 2015). Monitoring alternated between the hospitals at one month per respective monitoring session. The indoor air temperature, relative humidity (RH), mean radiant temperature and air velocity were measured in order to calculate the predicted mean vote (PMV). Carbon dioxide concentration, noise level and illumination level were concurrently measured and applied to the overall IEQ acceptance model for the hospitals (IEQh). Results: The IEQh at the two general hospitals was different at five spaces within a building. The IEQh for summer and winter were significantly different. Real-time IEQh demonstrated that indoor comfort was affected by the hospital s operating hours due to operation of the HVAC system. The percentage of indoor comfort in the hospitals was higher using PMV than IEQh. Conclusion: IEQh in the hospitals was different at locations with different purposes. Indoor comfort assessment using IEQh was stricter than with PMV. Additional research is needed in order to optimize the IEQh model.
몽골 울란바토르시 게르촌 주택의 겨울철 실내 초미세먼지(PM 2.5 ) 농도의 시간적 변이
이보람(Boram Lee),이지영(Jiyoung Lee),장예림(Yelim Jang),김윤지(Yoonjee Kim),하헌성(Hunsung Ha),이우석(Wooseok Lee),최우석(Wooseok Choe),김규성(Kyusung Kim),우철운(Cheolwoon Woo),Chimedsuren Ochir,이기영(Kiyoung Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives: In Mongolian housing, they use coal as a fuel for indoor heating and cooking. The combustion of coal releases particulate matter, which can affect indoor air quality. The purpose of this study was to analyze the concentrations of indoor PM 2.5 Methods: In this study, indoor PM 2.5 concentrations, temperature and humidity in houses were measured by a real-time PM monitor, while the time activity patternsof the residents were also observed. Results: The correlation between factors that may affect the indoor air quality was analyzed.The indoor PM 2.5 concentrations were 178.4±152.7 µg/m 3 (n=37). Five types of indoor PM 2.5 concentrations have been classified, which were associated with indoor activity. The stove type, fuel types and indoor activities such as cleaning, cooking and opening the stoves were not significantly associated with indoor PM 2.5 levels. Conclusions: Further study is needed to determine the effect of stove type through 24hours of indoor air quality monitoring.
The relationship between indoor and outdoor temperature and humidity in two types of residence
Jiseon Yeom,Daeyeop Lee,Kiyoung Lee,John D. Spengler,Geun Bae Kim,Seung Do Yu 한국냄새환경학회 2014 실내환경 및 냄새 학회지 Vol.13 No.4
Residential thermal conditions are important because people spend the majority of their time in the home environment. Indoor temperature and relative humidity(RH) were measured continuously over 1 year in 14 residences in Seoul, Korea. The relationship between residential indoor and outdoor conditions were determined by four meteorological parameters-temperature, apparent temperature(AT), RH, and absolute humidity(AH). Outdoor and indoor temperature, AT and AH were closely correlated, but RH was not. While indoor temperatures, AT, and AH were significantly higher than the corresponding outdoor levels, indoor RH was significantly lower than outdoor RH. Regression models between indoor and outdoor temperature detected a heating threshold at 15.0oC of outdoor temperature. The indoor thermal conditions were significantly different by the two residence types. Indoor temperatures in apartments were lower in summer and higher in winter than those in detached houses. However, indoor RHs in apartments were lower than in detached houses. During tropical nights, the daily temperature range was higher in residences with air-conditioning than in naturally ventilated residences.
Phototoxicity and chronic toxicity of methyl paraben and 1,2-hexanediol in Daphnia magna
Lee, Jiyun,Park, Nayeon,Kho, Younglim,Lee, Kiyoung,Ji, Kyunghee Springer-Verlag 2017 Ecotoxicology Vol.26 No.1
<P>Parabens are used as antimicrobial preservatives in consumer products. Exposure to methylparaben (MP) has been associated with adverse health outcomes, therefore, an alternative compound, 1,2-hexanediol (1,2-H), has been applied for cosmetics. In the present study, the phototoxicity of MP and 1,2-H, as well as the toxic effect caused by chronic exposure, were investigated using Daphnia magna. The 48 h acute toxicity tests with D. magna were conducted under indoor or ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation conditions, i.e., exposure to 4 h/d sunlight. Changes in the transcription of genes related to oxidative stress were determined in D. magna juveniles, to investigate the underlying mechanism of phototoxicity. The 21 d chronic toxicity tests of MP and 1,2-H were performed under indoor light irradiation. Exposure to MP under environmental level of UV light was more detrimental to D. magna. Transcripts of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase genes in D. magna was significantly increased by co-exposure to MP and UV light. After 21 d of chronic exposure to MP and 1,2-H, the reproduction no-observed effect concentrations for D. magna were 1 and > 10 mg/L, respectively. The present study showed that exposure to UV could magnify the toxicity of MP on daphnids. Although acute and chronic toxicities of 1,2-H were generally lower than those of MP, its effects on other aquatic organisms should not be ignored. Further studies are needed to identify other mechanisms of MP phototoxicity.</P>
A Reinterpretation of Jepersen's Notion of Negation
Kiyoung Lee 한국영어학학회 2004 영어학연구 Vol.- No.18
Jespersen proposed a tripartite analysis of negation. While the two predicates "is rich" and "is not rich" are contradictory, he argues, for instance, that the two sentences "John is rich" and "John is not rich" are not contradictory. but only contrary because the term "John" may refer to someone who is neither rich nor non-rich This argument cannot, however, be validated on the bassis of the normal bivalent logic, thus requiring some particular interpretation of his notion of negation This paper alms at reinterpreting Jespersen's so-caned tripartite analysis of negation without violating the traditional principles of logics By introducing possible worlds semantics, attempts will be made on reinterpreting some of Jespersen's analyses of negation and accommodating his tripartite view of negation within the formal elementary logics Some modal notions of necessity or certainty may be called for to support the present analysis