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Individual Contribution in Brain-storming: Does Group Composition Make a Difference?
Wai-Kin Yip,Chun-Ming Chow,Kin-Wai Cheng,Chi-Ping Cheuk,Catherine McBride-Chang 대한사고개발학회 2007 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.17 No.2
Factors affecting individual performance in group tasks such as social loafing and social facilitation have been widely investigated. Past studies compared groups made up of friends or strangers based on prior acquaintance before the experiment, without directly manipulating the level of group cohesiveness. Based on Karau and William’s (1997) rationale about the effect of group cohesiveness on social facilita- tion and social loafing, we tested two hypotheses: (1) When individual members do brain-storming in high cohesiveness group, they work harder and generate more ideas (social facilitation). (2) When individual members do brain-storming in low cohesiveness group, they work less hard and generate fewer ideas (social loafing). Results supported the second hypothesis, but failed to support the first one.
유리피데스의 『올리스의 이피지니아 Iphigenia at Aulis』에서의 여성 -고통받는 자들
김라옥 ( Kin Ra-ok ) 대한영어영문학회 1998 영어영문학연구 Vol.24 No.3
One of the main themes in Euripides's plays is woman in suffering. It is in his treatment of abused and wronged women that Euripides shows his keenest insights. In the Alcestis, Hippolytus, The Medea, The Trojan Women, his understanding of women and their situations is admirable. He has sympathy for all the victims of society, including womankind. In this point Euripides presents his uniqueness among all the Greek writers. His last and posthumous play Iphigenia in Aulis also shows his sympathy for women as the victim sufferers. The chorus are the women of Chalcis in Euboea who have crossed over to Aulis. The women surprised at the news of war and came to see the Greek ships for Troy and the heroes in the quest of Helen. They are young wives and common people who have the universal viewpoints and desires with which Euripides agrees. The songs they sing are hymns to happy home and modest passion, and prayers for joyful return. It is Clytemnestra who is the most impressive person in this play, not Iphigenia nor Agamemnon. Her anger, pain, and desperation are vividly expressed and have an appeal to the audience. She is a person who has dauntlessness and dignity. She is not a weak woman. But that she can not defend her most precious daughter proves the vulnerable status of the Greek woman. The defeat of Clytemnestra who is a queen and proud woman is more shocking than the death of Iphigenia who seems obedient and docile. Iphigenia is a symbol of an innocent victim. The why she is sacrificed is that the Greek troops want to leave for Troy at any cost. Every society has made its victims from the weak. The demand on a man to murder his brothers and children and kin with the name of love of his country, love of his people, and civilization is the act of uncivilization. Through the sacrifice of Iphigenia Euripides makes us to remind of the suffering of the innocent victims in all ages.
Kin, Hong Rip,O, Pyong Su 한국산업미생물학회 1991 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.19 No.5
Serratia marcescens ATCC 21074로부터 돌연변이 유도에 의해 protease 생산능이 높은 ampicillin 耐性의 변이주 Serratia sp. SMNT-1을 분리하였다. 이 균주는 原 균주에 비하여 約 11배 정도 높은 protease 생산성을 나타내었다. 이 효소는 pH 9.0, 40℃에서 최대 활성을 나타내었으며, 저온하에서는 pH 6.0∼10.0 범위에서 안정하였으나, 37℃, 알카리 조건하에서 불안정하였다. 이 효소는 60℃에서 10분간 열처리시 실활되었다. 이 효소는 EDTA에 의해 不活性化되었으며, Zn^2+, Co^2+, Mn^2+에 의해 再活性化되었다. 그러나 이 효소의 활성은 DFP에 의해 저해되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로부터 Serratia sp. SMNT-1에 의해 생산되는 protease는 metalloprotease로 확인되었다. A protease hyperproducer, ampicillin resistant mutant, Serratia sp. SMNT-1 was selected from Serratia marcescens ATCC 21074 by mutagenesis. The protease productivity of this strain was about 11 times as much as that of the parental strain. The enzyme showed maximal activity at pH 9.0 and 40℃, and was stable over the pH range from 6.0 to 10.0 at 4℃, whereas it was unstable at 37℃ in alkaline condition, the enzyme was inactivated by heating at 60℃ for 10min. The enzyme was inactivated by EDTA and reactivated by Zn^2+, Co^2+, and Mn^2+, but the proteolytic activity of the enzyme was not affected by DFP. From the above results, the protease produced by Serratia sp. SMNT-1 was classified as a metalloprotese.
Problem Solving: A User-Oriented Approach in Public Affairs
Kin Wai Michael Siu 대한사고개발학회 2009 The International Journal of Creativity & Problem Vol.19 No.1
To solve problems related to public affairs, or matters concerning the public's interests and benefits, different governments, policymakers, professionals and the general public may put emphasis on different particular levels, areas or aspects. Some emphasise on policy and plan, some emphasise on creative invention, design and implementation, while some emphasise on the management and maintenance matters. Some may try to take a more comprehensive and inclusive way to consider all of these levels, areas and aspects. However, most of the time the results of these so-called comprehensive and inclusive ways is not so satisfactory since there is a lack of centre — core, hub, focus — to link different emphases together. Borrowing case studies in public toilets, this paper urges a balanced consideration on three different levels: plan, implementation, and management. Taking "users" as the centre to link these three levels of considerations together, the paper initiates a new user-oriented model for planning, implementing and managing public affairs.
Kin Fong Lei,Jun-Liang Liu,Chia-Hao Huang,Rei-Lin Kuo,Ngan-Ming Tsang 한국바이오칩학회 2016 BioChip Journal Vol.10 No.1
Development of effective disease screening method is the best approach for the control of infectious diseases. However, conventional screening methods require to operate in well-equipped laboratory. That makes the screening operation expensive and time-consuming. In this work, a reagent-ready-on-chip microfluidic immunoassay system was developed and rapid detection of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses was demonstrated to show its simplicity and rapidity. The microfluidic system integrated 4 single-stroke thermopneumatic actuators and a reaction chamber. All related reagents were pre-installed in the system and manipulated automatically for indirect immunoassay. Detection of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses based on its internal structure protein, i.e., nucleoprotein (NP), was demonstrated using the system. Result was represented by colorimetric signal in the reaction chamber. The use of thermopneumatic actuation could achieve fluid manipulation without external assistive equipment and colorimetric result could be observed directly without the need of external dedicated detector. Influenza virus screening could be completed around 1 hour with less sample volume (20 μL) and reagent volume (50 μL). The system achieved one-step operation of immunoassay. It is highly integrated and has potential to be developed to portable devices to realize rapid diagnostics in remote environment and clinics without well-equipped facility. Development of effective disease screening method is the best approach for the control of infectious diseases. However, conventional screening methods require to operate in well-equipped laboratory. That makes the screening operation expensive and time-consuming. In this work, a reagent-ready-on-chip microfluidic immunoassay system was developed and rapid detection of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses was demonstrated to show its simplicity and rapidity. The microfluidic system integrated 4 single-stroke thermopneumatic actuators and a reaction chamber. All related reagents were pre-installed in the system and manipulated automatically for indirect immunoassay. Detection of influenza A H1N1 and H3N2 viruses based on its internal structure protein, i.e., nucleoprotein (NP), was demonstrated using the system. Result was represented by colorimetric signal in the reaction chamber. The use of thermopneumatic actuation could achieve fluid manipulation without external assistive equipment and colorimetric result could be observed directly without the need of external dedicated detector. Influenza virus screening could be completed around 1 hour with less sample volume (20 μL) and reagent volume (50 μL). The system achieved one-step operation of immunoassay. It is highly integrated and has potential to be developed to portable devices to realize rapid diagnostics in remote environment and clinics without well-equipped facility.