http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Choi, Kimyung,Shim, Joohyun,Ko, Nayoung,Park, Joonghoon Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2
Objective: Specific genomic sites can be recognized and permanently modified by genome editing. The discovery of endonucleases has advanced genome editing in pigs, attenuating xenograft rejection and cross-species disease transmission. However, off-target mutagenesis caused by these nucleases is a major barrier to putative clinical applications. Furthermore, off-target mutagenesis by genome editing has not yet been addressed in pigs. Methods: Here, we generated genetically inheritable α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) knockout Yucatan miniature pigs by combining transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and nuclear transfer. For precise estimation of genomic mutations induced by TALEN in GGTA1 knockout pigs, we obtained the whole-genome sequence of the donor cells for use as an internal control genome. Results: In-depth whole-genome sequencing analysis demonstrated that TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout pigs had a comparable mutation rate to homologous recombination-treated pigs and wild-type strain controls. RNA sequencing analysis associated with genomic mutations revealed that TALEN-induced off-target mutations had no discernable effect on RNA transcript abundance. Conclusion: Therefore, TALEN appears to be a precise and safe tool for generating genomeedited pigs, and the TALEN-mediated GGTA1 knockout Yucatan miniature pigs produced in this study can serve as a safe and effective organ and tissue resource for clinical applications.
Kim, Kimyung,Park, Min Soo,Na, Yaena,Choi, Jongwan,Jenekhe, Samson A.,Kim, Felix Sunjoo Elsevier 2019 ORGANIC ELECTRONICS Vol.65 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Polystyrene-grafted alumina nanoparticles were synthesized by silane coupling between dimethylchlorosilane-terminated polystyrene (PS) and gamma-type alumina nanoparticles and characterized. The surface grafting density of the polystyrene chains on the nanoparticles was estimated to be 0.13 molecules per square nanometer. The Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-PS nanoparticles are solution processable in organic solvents, including ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and toluene, which enabled preparation of blends with polystyrene or poly (methyl methacrylate). The dielectric constant of the Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>-PS nanoparticle/polymer blend films is composition tunable from 2.59 to 7.79. The alumina-PS nanoparticles and their blends with polymers were found to form efficient surface passivation films on the oxide dielectric layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Polystyrene-grafted alumina core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized through simple silane coupling and the processability in various organic solvents was improved. </LI> <LI> Structure, electrical properties, composite film formation of alumina-PS nanoparticles were characterized. </LI> <LI> Alumina-PS nanoparticles were applied as a surface modification agent in organic field-effect transistors. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
농업인안전재해보험의 개선에 관한 연구: 민영보험적 한계를 중심으로
김진수 ( Kim Jinsoo ),한기명 ( Han Kimyung ),남재욱 ( Nahm Jaewook ),최승훈 ( Choi Seunghoon ) 한국사회보장학회 2021 사회보장연구 Vol.37 No.2
본 연구는 현재 민영보험 형태로 운영되고 있는 농업인안전재해보험을 분석하고 사회보장적인 관점의 평가를 통해 개선방안을 모색하였다. 이론적 관점에서 민영보험의 한계는 정보의 비대칭성(asymmetric information), 역선택의 문제(adverse seletion), 도덕적 해이(moral harzard)를 들 수 있으며, 사회보장적 관점에서의 한계는 일시금 형태의 보장방식, 개별적 수지상등 형태가 지적된다. 따라서 실증분석을 통해 이를 확인하는 것은 제도 개선의 중요한 근거가 될 수 있다. 특히 정책보험의 성격상 높은 비중의 국고 보조가 지원되는 상황에서 저소득 농가에 대한 농작업 재해보장이 적절하게 지급되고 있는지에 대한 분석은 정책적으로 중요한 의미와 개선의 정당성을 갖는다 할 것이다. 해당 목적을 둔 실증분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 적용대상에 있어서 한계를 들 수 있다. 임의가입방식으로 인해 저소득층이 배제되고, 가족 중심의 농업 경영형태가 다수임에도 배우자가 제외되었다. 또한, 낮은 위험의 젊은 세대는 가입을 회피하여 역선택의 문제가 명확히 나타났다. 둘째, 급여 부문에서의 한계이다. 국고보조 형식의 민영관리로 인한 관리 부실로 도덕적 해이 현상이 심화되고 있다. 셋째, 급여조건에 있어서 한계이다. 현 농업인안전재해보험은 농업인의 업무상 재해 특성을 충분히 반영하고 있지 못한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 농업인재해보상의 민영보험적 요소와 관리운영의 부실은 농작업재해의 사회보장적 기능을 수행하는 데 한계를 보였다. 따라서 정책보험의 사회보험적 요소를 반영하여 농업인재해보상의 사회보장 역할 개선이 시급히 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다. 구체적으로는 모든 농민이 적용대상이 되어야 할 것이고, 급여는 장기적 성격의 급여에 대해서는 연금 형태로 전환하여야 한다. 보험료 부담은 모든 농민이 일원화된 기준에 따라 부담하고, 위험 크기와 부담능력을 고려한 부담체계를 확립하여야 할 것이다. 또한, 적절한 기준 없이 보험료 부담이 전혀 없는 보험 가입이나, 보험료의 부당한 부담체계로 문제가 지적된 부부형 보험료에 대해서는 제도 자체의 불신 문제를 해결하는 차원에서 개선하여야 한다. 특히 중대사고 사망비율이 높은 현상은 보험자의 도덕적 해이를 보여주는 만큼 엄격한 기준을 명확히 적용할 수 있는 재해 및 등급판정 기구를 도입하여야 할 것이다. 장기적으로 농업인 재해를 포함하여 모든 경제활동 계층에 대한 업무상 재해를 보장할 수 있는 종합적 체제를 마련하는 단계적 발전 방향을 제시하였다. This study analyzed accidents insurance for farmers, which is operated in the form of private insurance and sought evaluation and improvement measures from the perspective of social security. The results are as follows. First, the low-income class was excluded due to voluntary participation, and spouses were excluded despite being family-oriented farmers. The low-risk younger generation avoided the problem of adverse selection. Second, the moral hazard phenomenon has intensified due to private management in the form of the government treasury. Third, it was found that the farmers’ accident insurance did not sufficiently reflect the characteristics of the farmers’ accidents in the business. This private insurance factor for compensation for agricultural accidents was limited in fulfilling the social security function of agricultural accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to urgently improve the social security role of compensation for agricultural disasters. Furthermore, we should shift to social security for all economically active population including farmers in a long-term perspective.
Generation of the GGTA1/CMAH/hCD46 Genetically Modified Pigs for Xenotransplantation
Hyoung-Joo Kim,Joohyun Shim,Nayoung Ko,Yongjin Lee,Jae-Kyung Park,Kimyung Choi 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2017 Reproductive & Developmental Biology(Supplement) Vol.41 No.2
The demand for organ transplantation has rapidly increased all over the world during the past decade. Genetically modified pigs provide a solution to the severe shortage of organs available for human transplantation. Porcine α-1,3-galactosyltransferase (GGTA1) gene is generates Gal-T epitopes that trigger hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human transplantation. Since production of GGTA1 knock-out pigs in 2002, non-gal antigens are considered to be the next xenoantigen involved in the rejection phenomenon. Here, we targeted the GGTA1 and CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH) genes with CRISPR-Cas9 systems resulting in double knock-out pigs that no longer express α-Gal or Neu5Gc. Similar to GGTA1 gene, CMAH is widely expressed on the endothelial cells of many mammals except humans and this epitope is a potential porcine target for the antinon- gal antibody in humans. CMAH is responsible for the expression of Neu5Gc that key non-gal antigen. Additionally, hCD46 controls complement activation and when this gene expressed sufficiently as a transgene protects xenografts against complement-mediated rejection. This is report to describe generation of transgenic pigs that modify GGTA1, CMAH and hCD46. We expect to remove α-gal and Neu5Gc antigens and express hCD46 from pig for reducing human antibody mediated cytotoxicity.
Na Rae Han,Hye Jin Park,Hyun Lee,Jung Im Yun,Kimyung Choi,Eunsong Lee,Seung Tae Lee 한국수정란이식학회 2018 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.33 No.4
To date, there are no protocols optimized to the effective separation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from testicular cells derived from mouse testes, thus hindering studies based on mouse SSCs. In this study, we aimed to determine the most efficient purification method for the isolation of SSCs from mouse testes among previously described techniques. Isolation of SSCs from testicular cells derived from mouse testes was conducted using four different techniques: differential plating (DP), magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) post-DP, MACS, and positive and negative selection double MACS. DP was performed for 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 h, and MACS was performed using EpCAM (MACSEpCAM), Thy1 (MACSThy1), or GFR α1 (MACSGFRα1) antibodies. The purification efficiency of each method was analyzed by measuring the percentage of cells that stained positively for alkaline phosphatase. DP for 8 h, MACSThy1 post-DP for 8 h, MACSGFRα1, positive selection double MACSGFRα1/EpCAM, and negative selection double MACSGFRα1/α-SMA were identified as the optimal protocols for isolation of SSCs from mouse testicular cells. Comparison of the purification efficiencies of the optimized isolation protocols showed that, numerically, the highest purification efficiency was obtained using MACSGFRα1. Overall, our results indicate that MACSGFRα1 is an appropriate purification technique for the isolation of SSCs from mouse testicular cells.