신축학교 실내공기질이 초등학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향

김태섭,김선주,박시영,전만중,김규태,김창윤,정종학,백성옥,사공준 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.1

목적: 신축초등학교와 대조학교를 선정하여 교실 내 포름알데히드와 TVOCs를 측정하고 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 이용하여 실내공기 오염물질이 학생들의 인지기능에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 방법: 신축초등학교 5학년 71명을 실내공기 오염물질 노출군으로 하고, 개교한지 12년째인 대구시의 일개 초등학교 5학년 2학급 63명을 대조군으로 하여 실내공기 오염물질농도 측정 및 컴퓨터 신경행동검사를 실시하였다. 결과: 신축학교에서 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시 포름알데히드 농도는 34.6 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에는 27.3 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1교시 80.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시 127.1 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교에서는 2학급 각각 1교시에 12.6 ㎍/㎥, 7.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 19.8 ㎍/㎥, 25.2 ㎍/㎥였다. TVOCs의 경우 신축학교의 의도적으로 창문을 개방한 학급에서 1교시에 농도는 487.2 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 428.2 ㎍/㎥, 창문을 개방하지 않은 학급에서 1 교시에 농도는 1,283.5 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 1,715.4 ㎍/㎥, 대조학교의 경우 2학급에서 각각 1교시에 농도는 240.9 ㎍/㎥, 150.8 ㎍/㎥, 4교시에 농도는 371.9 ㎍/㎥, 448.0 ㎍/㎥였다. 부호숫자 짝짓기의 평균반응시간은 대조학급이 1교시에 2,585 msec에서 4교시에 2,459 msec으로 감소한 반면 신축학교의 창문을 의도적으로 개방한 학급은 2,343 msec에서 2,510 msec으로, 평소대로 수업한 학급은 2,340 msec에서 2,563 msec으로 반응시간이 각각 167 msec, 223 msec 증가하였다. 1교시의 부호숫자 짝짓기 의 반응시간을 100%로 했을 때 창문을 의도적으로 개방 한 학급은 4교시에 5.9% 증가하였고(p<0.01), 평소대로 수업한 학급은8.3% 증가하였다(p<0.01). 반면에 대조학급은 4교시에 5.0% 감소하였다(p<0.01). 결론: 향후 학교의 실내공기질의 안전성 평가는 샘플링 된 공기의 오염수준의 측정뿐만 아니라 학생들의 건강영향도 함께 고려되는 것이 바람직할 것이다. Objectives: Most studies on the indoor air quality of newly built schools have focused only on the number of schools exceeding a standard or on subjective symptoms, such as sneezing, irritated eyes and an irritated nose. However, there has been no report on how poor indoor air quality affects children's academic performance. This study evaluated the effects of indoor air quality on the neurobehavioral performance of elementary school children. Methods: This study measured the indoor air pollutants and compared children's performance, using a computerized neurobehavioral test, between a newly built and a 12-year-old school. In addition, a questionnaire was administered regarding the indoor air quality related symptoms of children in a newly built and a 12-year-old school. Results: In the newly built school, the formaldehyde levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with an open window were 34.6 and 27.3 μg/㎥, respectively. The levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed were 80.2 and 127.1 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the formaldehyde levels in 1^(st) and 4^(th) class with open and closed window were 12.6 and 7.5 μg/㎥, and 19.8 and 25.2 μg/㎥, respectively. With respect to total volatile organic compounds, the levels in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window open in the newly built school were 87.2 and 428.2 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes with the window closed, the total volatile organic compounds were 1,283.5 and 1,715.4 μg/㎥, respectively. In the 12-year-old school, the total volatile organic compounds were 240.9 and 150.8 μg/㎥, and 371.9 and 448.0 μg/㎥ in the 1^(st) and 4^(th) classes, respectively. In the case of a newly built school, the performance of the students in the neurobehavioral test in the 4^(th) class with the window closed was 8.3% lower than for those in the 1^(st) class with the window closed, but was only 5.9% lower when the windows were open. There was a statistical significant difference in the total numbers of symptoms between the two schools. Conclusions: These results suggest a proper evaluation of the indoor air quality within schools is required into both the level of contamination and the health effects of these contaminants toward children.

複合 韓藥劑 淸籬滋坎湯의 抗癌效果 및 作用機轉 糾明

Cho, Kyung-Sam,Kim, Si-Young,Park, Jai-Kyung,Choi, Seung-Hoon,Chung, Se-Young,Yoon, Hwi-Joong 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Kyung Sam Cho¹Si Young Kim¹, Jai Kyung Park²,Seung Hoon Choi³,Se Young Chung⁴, Hwi Joong Yoon¹¹College of Medicine, ²East-West Medical Research Institute, ³College of Oriental Medicine, ⁴College of Pharmacology, Kyung Hee University,Seoul, Korea. The Anti-cancer Effect of Oriental Medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang in the Mouse with Metastatic Lung Cancer. Proceedings of International Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 231-243, 1999.-The oriental medicine Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang is an herbal medicine which has been used for pulmonary diseases and known as having immune stimulatory effects. It has been known effective in lung cancer. So we studied the effects and the mechanisms of this herbal medicine it the mouse with metastatic lung cancer. The metastatic lung cancer of the mouse was produced with melnoma cell line(B16BL/6).5×10□/mouse tumor cells were injected intravenously to the CDF1 mouse via tail vein. The mice were divided 4 groups. The first group was treated with 50mg/kg extract of Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang per oral for 10 days after cancer cell injection, second group treated with saline after cancer cell injection, the third group with medicine without cancer cell, and the last group with saline only. After 10 days treatments some of the mice were scarificed and the lung and spleen was removed. The survival duration, weight change, the number of metastatic cancer nodule of the lung, the NK cell activity, the capacity of cytokines(INF-γ,INF-α,IL-2) production and the proliferation activities of mouse lymphocytes were measured. The surival times of the group 1 mice were longer and the weight loss was less than the group 2 significantly. The number of the metastatic nodule of the lung were decresed in the group 1 than the group 2. The production of INF-γ,was increase in group 2 than group 3 and 4, IL-2 production was increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4 significantly. There was no difference in TNF- α production and proliferation activity of lymphocyte in each group. The NK cell activity was significantly increased in group 1 than group 2,3,4. We conclude that the Chung-Ri-Ja-Gam-Tang has the effect of increasing the NK cell activity of the CDF1 mouse with metastatic lung cancer(B16BL/6). And it is suggested that the increased production of the IL-2 is the mechanisms of enhanced NK cell activity.

中國 鄕鎭企業의 成長 要因과 展望

金時中 서울大學校經濟硏究所 1998 經濟論集 Vol.37 No.2

개혁기 중국경제 주역의 하나로 등장한 鄕鎭企業은 農村 工業化를 성공적으로 달성하였으며, 일종의 公有企業의 성격을 지니면서도 경쟁에서 우위를 차지하여 왔다는 독특성으로 인하여 많은 연구의 대상이 되어 왔다. 이 논문은 향진기업이 개혁기 중국의 특수한 여건하에서 한편으로는 시장경제적 주체로서의 성격을 보유하고 다른 한편으로는 말단 지방정부의 지원과 보호를 받을 수 있음으로써 위 두 측면에서의 독특성을 보이면서 급속한 성장을 달성할 수 있었음을 분석하였다. 그러나 중국경제의 市場化가 심화되면서 향진기업의 급성장에 기여하였던 요인들이 점차 약화되고, 이에 따라 향진기업 특히 鄕村集體企業의 성장세가 둔화되고 또한 그 공유제적 특성에 변화가 나타날 것으로 전망한다.

전환기 중국경제의 진단과 전망

김시중 韓國東北亞經濟學會 2009 동북아경제연구 Vol.21 No.1

Chinese economy has entered a declining period of its business cycle in 2008, after enjoying six year long high-growth period in 2002-2007. This change has occurred for several reasons interacting each other. First, the retrenchment policy which was implemented to cool down the overheated economy in late 2007 through early 2008 began to take its effect. Second, the restructuring policy targeting labor intensive sectors engaging in processing trade and some heavy industries plagued by over-capacity began to show its effect, too. Third, the beginning of unexpected global recession, originated from the financial crisis of the US exerted its influence on Chinese economy. The fact that the current downturn of Chinese economy is due to complex factors implies that it will not be easily reversed, It suggests that Chinese economy is facing a crisis, mainly because the sudden drop in its growth rate will lead to substantial increase in de facto unemployment. It could cause social instability, which further could threaten the political stability. Consequently, Chinese government began to introduce stimulus policy package to prevent hard landing of its economy. The expansionary monetary and fiscal policy combined with government intervention to increase infrastructure investment and domestic consumption may be able to prevent hard landing in the short run. However, it may hinder some of the structural shift of Chinese economy, which is essential for sustaining economic development in the long run. The key structural shifts include the following three elements; a shift from expert-led growth to domestic demand-led growth, upgrading of industrial structure from low value-added industries toward higher value-added industries, and a shift from input-driven growth to efficiency-driven growth. The current crisis and the response of the Chinese government may work positively for the first element of the shift, while it would work negatively for the second and third element of the shift.

觀光情報體系의 開發段階와 課題에 關한 硏究

김시중,이웅규 우송대학교 부설 산업연구원 1999 산업연구 Vol.1 No.2

Measuring the development stages and issues of Tourism Information Systems activity is a difficult task. It has been shown that there are sixth information development stages which have positive influence on perceived utility of tourism information systems. The Waves of informationization have influenced significantly on Tourism Industly' role and Korean tourism policy. Tourism Companies become the important actor in the field of Tourism Information Systems. Subsequently, We have investigated the antecedents of these sixth tourism information systems development stages. Nowadays Tourism Companies confronting strong competition and informationization. In this era, Tourism Companies seek for the possibilities and applications of informationization as a tool for successful use of computer-based information systems(CBIS). The principal findings showed that chief sixth development stages of tourism information systems and issues in computerization leads to more successful tourism information systems use in Tourism Company.

계룡산국립공원 방문자의 관광동기와 만족도에 관한 연구

김시중,김수경 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The studies objects are to know what is the cause to decide tourist's pleasure and provide the answer about environment analysis and tour problem. Currently, the number of visitors of Kyeryong-Mountain National Park is dramatically decreasing compared to that of last year. The purpose of study is to bring up problems of Kyeryong-Mountain National Park and to find out the solution on increasing the number of visitors. According to this Study, the reason of tourism motivation is "relaxation" and "The desire of escape from now."

觀光需要豫測의 模型定立에 관한 硏究

김시중 우송대학교 1998 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

Forecasting tourism demand is an essential element in the decision-making of tourism planners and managers. This article has analysed firstly the applications of forecasting models of tourism demand in the world on the basis of international tourism journals, and in South Korea on the basis of the report of Korean government, tourism planning project and various scientific works. Secondly, we have been analysed the case of application of the forecasting tourism demand in South Korea in three types: inbound, outbound, and domestic tourism. Thirdly, we have suggested the best models for short, medium, and long term forecasting tourism demand in tree types: Inbound, Outbound, and domestic tourism. Pragmatically, choosing the most appropriate forecasting model depends heavily on the forecasting situation, such as data pattern, time horizon, cost, ease of application, and forecasting environment. In particular, where the time horizon to be covered requires a long-term projection, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques is recommended. For tourism planners and practitioners, the major challenge ahead is to find relatively simple pragmatic techniques that are intelligible, manageable, and least expensive, and to assess the likely accuracy of these techniques. To do this, it is necessary that they should better understand the limitations as well as the advantages of those forecasting methods to be employed, based on their specific forecasting situation,

국민연금기금의 복지관광사업 투자평가를 위한 비용·편익분석 모형에 관한 연구

김시중,오흥철 우송대학교 1997 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The objective of this study was to help decision-makers to be able to make a decision on a social tourism investment, based on the reasonable estimate standard. This was possible by introducing the estimate method for the effectiveness of investment on social tourism project and by using this method on the analysis of the alternative investment projects. For the analysis and estimate of welfare tourism investment, the advanced cost-benefit model was developed, based on the previous traditional cost-benefit analysis. This new cost-benefit model supplemented the weakness fo traditional cost-benefit model by utilizing the concept of total-social-benefit and total-social-cost.

유성관광특구의 관광객 유치 촉진방안에 관한 연구

김시중,김희정,최지영 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The Korean Government has designated Yousung area as a tourism special district for promoting tourists' visitation. Unfortunately, since then, number of foreign visitors and domestic visitors has decreased gradually, except the years of 1994 and 1995. The purpose of this study is to find the current problems which the district has and develop strategies for promoting tourists' visitations. The study found three problems related to the district: 1) lack of sign boards and advertisements, 2) lack of events such as cultural events, art events and sport events and 3) lack of regional and central government supports. Three strategies could be recommendable for this district: 1) developing tourism routes for linking it to other tourist destinations, 2) improving overall service quality, and 3) loosening governmental restrictions.

여행기업의 정보화투자평가에 대한 실증적 연구

김시중,이웅규 한국관광정책학회 1999 觀光政策學硏究 Vol.5 No.1

Korean travel enterprise are supporting a knowledge business including management and mind decision after they made in epoch-making event in data processing and making informational practical use of a information system based on a computer and communication. According to this charge, although a role and importance or information technology are being emphasized because of the increase in the productivity and efficiency of travel enterprise. I tried to show the alternative for efficient management of information system travel enterprise through the study about it. Because, a top executive's opinion on the field of information at travel enterprise has never been investigated exactly till now. How should we do to enhance such a investment value of informationization at a travel enterprise? As you see the analysized result through survey research before, a top executive's consciousness of a travel enterprise about the investment of informationization must be reformed first. And I suggest the following three alternatives additionally. First, making clear the investment of informationization for business reform third development of various treatment methods about the danger of investment and uncertainty. This research was made to establish a opportunity for entering competitive travel enterprise in the for entering competitive travel enterprise in the future, after inspecting opinions of top executive in korean travel enterprise about informationization investment. But the study has a limit which has not a first time employee's opinion on the spot. Therefore, I expect that the study of various methodology which is able to eliminate a first time employee's opinion survey and danger or uncertainty of travel enterprise about informationization investment will be made through later one.