아스팔트 콘크리트의 고온변형저항 특성 측정방법 개발

김광우,이문섭,김중렬,이순제 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 정하중하에서 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항특성을 측정할 수 있는 새로운 시험방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2가지 골재(편마암, 화강암)와 6가지 아스팔트(일반아스팔트, 5가지 개질 아스팔트)를 사용하여 총 12개의 밀입도 혼합물을 제작하였다. 마샬 배합설계를 통해 최적아스팔트 함량을 구하고, 결정된 최적아스팔트 함량으로 마샬공시체(S=10 cm)와 자이레토리 공시체(S=15cm)를 제작하여 마샬안정도시험, 휠 트랙킹 시험, 개발된 김테스트(Kim -test)를 수행하였다. 김테스트는 공시체와 하중봉을 지지할 수 있는 김시험장치(Kim tester)를 이용하여 하단이 반경(r) 0.5 또는 1.0cm로 원형절삭한 직경(D) 3cm, 4cm의 하중봉을 사용한다. 또한 재하는 마샬 하중재하 장치를 사용하여 공시체를 60℃ 수조에 30분동안 수침시킨 후 실시되었다. 정하중은 공시체의 직경방향이 아닌 축 방향으로 50 mm/min가 가해졌고, 최대하중(P_max)과 수직변형(y)이 측정되었다. 마샬안정도시험과 간접인장강도시험에서 얻어지는 것과 유사한 곡선이 각각의 시험에서 얻어졌다. 강도값은 P_max, r, y 및 H(=D-2r)을 이용한 K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2식을 통하여 계산하였고, 이를 변형강도(kgf/㎠)로 정의하였다. 실험결과, 공시체 직경이나 골재종류보다는 하중봉과 하중봉 하단의 원형처리 여부가 K_D와 P_max 값에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 통계분석결과에서 K_D가 소성변형 깊이와 동적 안정도에 높은 상관성을 보였다. 향후 연구를 통해 K_D의 유효성이 검증된다면, Kim-test는 아스팔트 혼합물의 소성변형 저항성을 판단할 수 있는 시험방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것이다. This study dealt with developing a new approach for finding properties which might represent rut resistance characteristics of asphalt mixture under static loading. Two aggregates, a normal asphalt (pen 60-70) and 5 PMAs were used in preparation of 12 dense-grade mixtures. Marshall mix design was used in determination of the optimum asphalt content (OAC) and each mixture at the OAC was prepared for a newly-developed Kim test on Marshall specimen (S=10 cm) and gyratory specimen (S=15cm), and for wheel tracking test. Kim test used Marshall loading frame and the specimen was conditioned for 30min at 60℃ before loading through Kim tester, and apparatus consisting of a loading column and a specimen and column holder. Diameter (D) of column was 3cm and 4cm with each column having different radius (r) of round cut at the bottom. The static load was applied at 50mm/min in axial direction of the specimen, not in diameteral direction, and the maximum load (P_max) and vertical deformation (y) at the maximum load point were measured. A curve, similar to the one from a Marshall test or static indirect tensile strength test was obtained from each test. A strength value was calculated based on the P_max, H(=D-2r). r and y by using the equation K_D=4P_max/π(H+2√(2ry-y^2))^2 and is defined as deformation strength (kgf/㎠). The values of P_max/y and K_I=K-D/y were also calculated to see if these have any correlation with rutting. In general, D and r were significant factors affecting K_D, while specimen size was not. The statistical analyses results showed the K_D had the best correlation with rut depth and dynamic stability. The next best correlation was found from P_max which was followed by P_max/y and K_I in order. Therefore, K_D can be used for selecting the highly resistable asphalt mixture against permanent deformation.

HAZARD ANALYSIS USING MULTI-COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN CHEMICAL PROCESSES

Kim,Ku-Hwoi,Lee,Dong-Eon n,Kim,Yonhg-Ha,Yoon,En-Sup 한국화재소방학회 2001 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2001 No.추계

Detection of Individuals Restoring Fertility by DNA Fragment Converted into STS (sequence tagged site) in Red pepper

Lee,Jang-Soo,Lee,Keun-Hyang,Kim,Yeo-Song,Kang,Kwon-Kyoo,Nou,Ill-Sup,Hirata,Yutaka 한국자원식물학회 2004 Plant Resources Vol.7 No.2

Co-segregation of male fertility with DNA markers selected by RAPD analysis as being potentially linked to the restorer gene (Rf) for Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) was analyzed using segregating F2 population. One RAPD marker directly linked to the Rf locus was identified. Amplification of OPT-02/570 using the STS primers generated a monomorphic band of each fertile plants randomly selected F2 progenies. From these results, this specific marker would be strongly linked to be restoring gene. The use of STS marker is effective in overcoming the reliability of the RAPD phenotype and improving their utility for MAS, co-dominant STS markers are especially very useful.

심한 협착이 동반된 크론병 환자에서 인플리시맵 치료 후 발생한 소장 천공

임창섭 ( Chang Sup Lim ),문원 ( Won Moon ),박선자 ( Seun Ja Park ),박무인 ( Moo In Park ),김형훈 ( Hyung Hun Kim1 ),김종빈 ( Jong Bin Kim ),최정문 ( Jeong Moon Choi ),장희경 ( Hee Kyung Chang ),이승현 ( Seung Hyun Lee ) 대한소화기학회 2013 대한소화기학회지 Vol.62 No.3

Crohn`s disease is characterized by chronic transmural inflammation of the bowel and is associated with serious complications, such as bowel strictures, abscesses, fistula formation, and perforation. As neither medical nor surgical therapy provides a cure for Crohn`s disease, the primary goals of therapy are to induce and maintain remission and prevent complications. As a biologic agent, infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor, is indicated for refractory luminal and fistulizing Crohn`s disease that does not respond to other medical therapies or surgery. Infliximab has proven to be very effective for inducing and maintaining remission in Crohn`s disease; however, infliximab treatment has several potential complications. Here, we report a case of free perforation following a therapeutic response after an initial dose of infliximab for Crohn`s disease. This is the first case report describing a free perforation in a Crohn`s disease patient after an initial dose of infliximab. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2013;62:169-173

장기표면의 내외봉한관과 봉한소체의 형태학적 관찰

안성훈 ( Seong Hun Ahn ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),이상훈 ( Sang Hun Lee ),권오상 ( O Sang Kwon ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ),소광섭 ( Kwang Sup Soh ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ) 대한경락경혈학회 2009 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.26 No.1

Objective: In 1960`s Bonghan Kim`s team found BongHan(BH) ducts which were presumed as acupuncture meridians and BH corpuscles. They asserted Bonghan theory and SanAl theory which was involved in cell division and cell restoration. However, many other experiments which had been operated to demonstrate and find the existence of BH ducts had failed because of the secret of blue stain drugs. During the last several years, BongHan theory has been revived through experimental researches to find the anatomical structures of BH ducts and corpuscles by Soh`s Biomedical Physics Lab. Soh`s research team used the staining with Janus Green B, Alcian blue, nanoparticles and Acridine Orange. We used DAPI staining to find the existence of BH ducts and the corpuscles and to observe nuclear arrangement. Methods: We used japan white rabbits as experimental animals. BH ducts and corpuscles were stained with DAPI. The nucleus configuration in BH ducts stained with DAPI were observed with microscope. Results: In this study, we found thread like structures in silver white color distinguished from the blood vessels, nerves and lymph vessels. These thread like vessels in the linear duct shape were connected to same colored mass in the ball shape. Thread like structures we found could be separated easily from the surrounding other organ mass. The nuclei of the thread like structure in DAPI staining, are about 10~20㎛ length, in rod shape and linear arrangement. Conclusion: We concluded that the thread like structure we found was same vessel reported by Soh`s research team, BongHan ducts and corpuscle.

Both CD45RA⁺ and CD45RO⁺ human CD4⁺ T cells drive direct xenogeneic T-cell responses against porcine aortic endothelial cells

Kim, Chi Hwa,Oh, Keunhee,Kim, Dong-Eun,Lee, Seul Bee,Yang, Ji Hye,Lee, Gene,Cho, Jaejin,Lee, Dong-Sup Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Xenotransplantation Vol.17 No.3

<P>Kim CH, Oh K, Kim D-E, Lee SB, Yang JH, Lee G, Cho J, Lee D-S. Both CD45RA<SUP>+</SUP> and CD45RO<SUP>+</SUP> human CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells drive direct xenogeneic T-cell responses against porcine aortic endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2010; 17: 224–232. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.</P><P>Abstract: Background: </P><P>Xenogeneic cellular immune responses are mediated by either direct or indirect pathways depending on the participation of donor or host antigen presenting cells, respectively. The contribution of direct response of human T cells, especially memory T cells, to porcine antigen presenting cells is currently unknown. Here, we sought to determine whether human peripheral blood memory/activated phenotype T cells are directly responsive to porcine endothelial cells.</P><P>Methods: </P><P>Porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAECs) were prepared from Yorkshire or miniature pigs. Highly purified human T cells, including naïve and memory/activated phenotype cells, were incubated with PAECs with or without the addition of exogenous cytokines. T-cell proliferation and T-cell receptor (TCR) V&bgr; usage in response to PAECs were analyzed.</P><P>Results: </P><P>Both CD8<SUP>+</SUP> and CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells responded directly to PAECs and exhibited exclusive responsiveness to SLA class I and class II molecules, respectively. Naïve and memory/activated phenotype CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells responded against PAECs, whereas only naïve phenotype CD8<SUP>+</SUP> T cells contributed to such a response. In addition, both populations of xenogeneic human CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells exhibited similar and diverse V&bgr; usage.</P><P>Conclusion: </P><P>Due to the considerable contribution of human CD45RO<SUP>+</SUP>CD4<SUP>+</SUP> T cells to the xenoreactivity against PAECs, effective control of xenogeneic memory/activated T-cell responses would significantly affect long-term survival of transplanted grafts.</P>

Phosphorescence Color Tuning of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by <i>o</i>-Carborane Substitution

Kim, Taewon,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Kang Mun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.52 No.1

<P>Heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I> = 4-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>1</B>); 5-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>2</B>), 4-<I>fppy</I> (<B>4</B>) <I>CB</I> = <I>ortho</I>-methylcarborane; <I>ppy</I> = 2-phenylpyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, 4-<I>fppy =</I> 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, acac = acetylacetonate) complexes were prepared and characterized. While <B>1</B> exhibits a phosphorescence band centered at 531 nm, which is red-shifted compared to that of unsubstituted (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<B>3</B>) (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 516 nm), the emission spectrum of <B>2</B> shows a blue-shifted band at 503 nm. Comparison with the emission band for the 4-fluoro-substituted <B>4</B> (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 493 nm) indicates a substantial bathochromic shift in <B>1</B>. Electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that while carborane substitution on the 4-position of the phenyl ring lowers the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by a large contribution to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) delocalization, which in turn assigns the lowest triplet state of <B>1</B> as [d<SUB>π</SUB>(Ir)→π*(<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)] <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT in character, the substitution on the 5-position raises the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by the effective stabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level because of the strong inductive effect of carborane. An electroluminescent device incorporating <B>1</B> as an emitter displayed overall good performance in terms of external quantum efficiency (6.6%) and power efficiency (10.7 lm/W) with green phosphorescence.</P><P>The introduction of an <I>o</I>-carborane to the 4- and 5-position of the phenyl ring of a <I>ppy</I> ligand in heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) complexes gave rise to red and blue shifts of the phosphorescence band, respectively, compared to that of (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac). PhOLED devices incorporating the 4-carborane substituted Ir(III) complex as a phosphorescent emitter displayed good performance with green phosphorescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2013/inocaj.2013.52.issue-1/ic3015699/production/images/medium/ic-2012-015699_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic3015699'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> Sensitization Mechanism in Stretch-induced Myogenic Tone

Jung-Sup Kim,Sung-Kyung Ryu,Duck-Sun Ahn,Bok-Soon Kang,Young-Ho Lee 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2002 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.6 No.1

<P> It has been suggested that Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> sensitization mechanisms might contribute to myogenic tone, however, specific mechanisms have not yet been fully identified. Therefore, we investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC)- or RhoA-induced Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> sensitization in myogenic tone of the rabbit basilar vessel. Myogenic tone was developed by stretch of rabbit basilar artery. Fura-2 Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> signals, contractile responses, PKC immunoblots, translocation of PKC and RhoA, and phosphorylation of myosin light chains were measured. Stretch of the resting vessel evoked a myogenic contraction and an increase in the intracellular Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> concentration ([Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>) only in the presence of extracellular Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP>. Stretch evoked greater contraction than high K<SUP>⁢</SUP> at a given [Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>. The stretch-induced increase in [Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB> and contractile force were inhibited by treatment of the tissue with nifedipine, a blocker of voltage-dependent Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> channel, but not with gadolinium, a blocker of stretch-activated cation channels. The PKC inhibitors, H-7 and calphostin C, and a RhoA-activated protein kinase (ROK) inhibitor, Y-27632, inhibited the stretch-induced myogenic tone without changing [Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP>]<SUB>i</SUB>. Immunoblotting using isoform-specific antibodies showed the presence of PKCα and PKCε in the rabbit basilar artery. PKCα, but not PKCε, and RhoA were translocated from the cytosol to the cell membrane by stretch. Phosphorylation of the myosin light chains was increased by stretch and the increased phosphorylation was blocked by treatment of the tissue with H-7 and Y-27632, respectively. Our results are consistent with important roles for PKC and RhoA in the generation of myogenic tone. Furthermore, enhanced phosphorylation of the myosin light chains by activation of PKCα and/or RhoA may be key mechanisms for the Ca<SUP>2⁢</SUP> sensitization associated with myogenic tone in basilar vessels.

Photophysical Properties of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials upon Distortion of Central Axis of Donor Moiety

Kim, Hyung Suk,Park, Hansol,Park, So-Ra,Lee, Sang Hoon,Ahn, Yunho,Lee, Yong Sup,Suh, Min Chul American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C - Vol.122 No.50

<P>In this study, we showed the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety can switch critically the rate of the reverse intersystem crossing (<I>k</I><SUB>RISC</SUB>) process, which is the trigger point to modulate the lifetime of delayed fluorescence. To achieve <I>k</I><SUB>RISC</SUB>, what we desired (10<SUP>5</SUP> to 10<SUP>6</SUP> s<SUP>-1</SUP>) in a series of donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, the donor groups (phenoxazine and phenothiazine) were selectively introduced. Maintaining the near orthogonality between donor and acceptor (benzonitrile) moiety, the occurrence of the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety could make the effect of locally excited triplet state (<SUP>3</SUP>LE). In other words, the interaction between <SUP>3</SUP>LE and the charge transfer counterparts (i.e., <SUP>1</SUP>CT and <SUP>3</SUP>CT) contributes an opposite propensity of <I>k</I><SUB>RISC</SUB> for each of the target TADF materials when those are dissolved in solution and condensed in solid state. Herein, we have theoretically and experimentally shown the photophysical behavior of common D-A-D type TADF upon the different systems.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Control of On–Off or Off–On Fluorescent and Optical [Cu²⁺] and [Hg²⁺] Responses via Formal Me/H Substitution in Fully Characterized Thienyl “Scorpionate”-like BODIPY Systems

Kim, Kibong,Choi, Shin Hei,Jeon, June,Lee, Hyosun,Huh, Jung Oh,Yoo, Jaeduk,Kim, Jong Taek,Lee, Chang-Hee,Lee, Yoon Sup,Churchill, David G. American Chemical Society 2011 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.50 No.12

<P>One 8-phenyl and two 8-mesityl-substituted “scorpionate”-like BODIPY-type species of the formula [3,4,4-tris(5-<I>R</I>-(2-thienyl))-8-(2,4,6-<I>R′</I>-phenyl)-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-<I>s</I>-indacene (R = H, R′ = H, <B>3a</B>; R, = H, R′ = Me, <B>2a</B>; R, = Me, R′ = Me, <B>2b</B>)] have been synthesized and fully characterized. Importantly, differences in their solution (MeCN) optical Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> and Hg<SUP>2+</SUP> probing capacity via <I>SSS</I>-chelation were investigated. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were prepared from the requisite 8-substituted BODIPY complexes. They were characterized first by complete <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>11</SUP>B and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR spectroscopic assignments (CD<SUB>3</SUB>Cl or CD<SUB>3</SUB>C(O)CD<SUB>3</SUB>); the molecular structures of <B>2a</B> and <B>3a</B> were determined by X-ray crystallography. Compounds <B>2a</B>–<B>3a</B> were studied by UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy [Φ<SUB>F</SUB> = 0.27 ± 0.013 (<B>2a</B>); 0.024 ± 0.0016 (<B>2b</B>); 0.0034 ± 0.00047 (<B>3a</B>)]. Importantly, low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] with <B>3a</B> (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) gave rise to an increase of fluorescence intensity (off–on; 6.3-fold), whereas with <B>2a</B> it decreased (on–off). When [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] (<3.0 × 10<SUP>–5</SUP> M) was added to <B>2b</B>, the λ<SUB>em,max</SUB> value increased (off–on<I>;</I> 3.2-fold), and for <B>2a</B>, it decreased (on–off). The association constant (<I>K</I><SUB>a</SUB>) for Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>·<B>2a</B> was determined to be 3120 ± 307 M<SUP>–1</SUP>. An approximate stoichiometric 1:1 binding determined by Job plot analysis is in line with successful DFT modeling of <I>SSS</I>-Cu<SUP>2+</SUP> binding for this system type. <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR spectroscopy also revealed tentative sets of product complex peaks. These simple differences caused by formal ligand Me-group incorporation are the first for any related fluorophores, to the best of our knowledge.</P><P>Three new “scorpionate”-like BODIPY species have been isolated and characterized. They exposed interesting differences in low [Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>] and [Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>] on−off and off−on fluorescence responses through formal methyl group placement into the fluorophore skeleton.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2010/inocaj.2010.50.issue-12/ic101681h/production/images/medium/ic-2010-01681h_0004.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic101681h'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>