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      • KCI등재

        분산 서비스거부 공격 탐지를 위한 데이타 마이닝 기법

        김미희(Mihui Kim),나현정(Hyunjung Na),채기준(Kijoon Chae),방효찬(Hyochan Bang),나중찬(Jungchan Na) 한국정보과학회 2005 정보과학회논문지 : 정보통신 Vol.32 No.3

        최근 분산 서비스거부 공격에 대한 피해사례가 증가하면서 빠른 탐지와 적절한 대응 메커니즘에 대한 필요성이 대두되었다. 그러나 지금까지 제안된 기존 보안 메커니즘은 이러한 공격들에 대해 충분한 대응책을 제공하지 못하고, 일부 공격에만 유효하거나 공격의 일부 변형에도 취약점을 갖고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 최신의 분산 서비스거부 공격 유형을 잘 분류해 낼 수 있고, 기존 공격의 변형이나 새로운 공격에도 탐지 가능하도록 데이타 마이닝 기법을 이용한 탐지 구조를 제안한다. 이 탐지 구조는 이미 발견된 공격을 유형별로 분류할 수 있도록 모델링하는 오용탐지모듈과, 공격의 일반적인 특성을 이용하여 새로운 유형의 공격을 발견할 수 있도록 모델링하는 이상탐지모듈로 구성되어 있다. 이렇게 오프라인으로 생성된 탐지 모델을 통해 실시간 트래픽 데이타를 이용한 탐지 구조를 갖고 있다. 본 논문에서는 실제 네트워크의 상황을 잘 반영시켜 모델링을 하고 시험하기 위해 실제 네트워크에서 사용중인 액세스 라우터에서 NetFlow 데이타를 수집하여 이용하였다. NetFlow는 많은 전처리 과정 없이 플로우 기반의 통계 정보를 제공하므로 분산 서비스거부 공격 분석에 유용한 정보를 제공한다. 또한 공격 트래픽을 수집하기 위하여 잘 알려진 공격 툴을 이용하여 실제 공격 트래픽에 대한 해당 액세스 라우터에서의 공격 NetFlow 데이타를 수집하였다. 시험 결과, 이러한 트래픽을 이용하여 두가지 데이타 마이닝 기법을 결합한 오용탐지모듈의 높은 탐지율을 얻을 수 있었고, 새로운 공격에 대한 이상탐지모듈의 탐지 가능성을 입증할 수 있었다. Recently, as the serious damage caused by DDoS attacks increases, the rapid detection and the proper response mechanisms are urgent. However, existing security mechanisms do not effectively defend against these attacks, or the defense capability of some mechanisms is only limited to specific DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose a detection architecture against DDoS attack using data mining technology that can classify the latest types of DDoS attack, and can detect the modification of existing attacks as well as the novel attacks. This architecture consists of a Misuse Detection Module modeling to classify the existing attacks, and an Anomaly Detection Module modeling to detect the novel attacks. And it utilizes the off-line generated models in order to detect the DDoS attack using the real-time traffic. We gathered the NetFlow data generated at an access router of our network in order to model the real network traffic and test it. The NetFlow provides the useful flow-based statistical information without tremendous preprocessing. Also, we mounted the well-known DDoS attack tools to gather the attack traffic. And then, our experimental results show that our approach can provide the outstanding performance against existing attacks, and provide the possibility of detection against the novel attack.

      • Interface engineering for high-performance direct methanol fuel cells using multiscale patterned membranes and guided metal cracked layers

        Jang, Segeun,Kim, Sungjun,Kim, Sang Moon,Choi, Jiwoo,Yeon, Jehyeon,Bang, Kijoon,Ahn, Chi-Yeong,Hwang, Wonchan,Her, Min,Cho, Yong-Hun,Sung, Yung-Eun,Choi, Mansoo unknown 2018 Nano energy Vol.43 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Capability to fabricate high-performance membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) is a key to the commercialization of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). This work reports an interface engineering method to introduce a multiscale patterned membrane and a guided metal cracked layer between the catalyst layer and the membrane by the creep-assisted sequential imprinting and simple stretching technique. The MEA with a multiscale patterned membrane, where the nanopatterns covered the whole surface even on the side surface of microstructures, showed improved performance owing to enhanced mass transport by the thinned electrode, effective utilization of the active sites, and increased Pt utilization. To obtain further performance enhancement, we incorporated a guided gold cracked layer into the MEA with the multiscale patterned membrane. The electrochemically inactive thin gold layer acted as a physical barrier for methanol crossover and the guided cracks provided multiple proton pathways. Our interface engineering utility resulted in an enhancement of the device performance by 42.3% compared with that of the reference.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Interface engineering was employed to develop a high-performance DMFC. </LI> <LI> A creep-assisted sequential imprinting and simple stretching method was used. </LI> <LI> Enlarged membrane–electrode interface improved anode kinetics and mass transport. </LI> <LI> Au layer blocked methanol crossover while cracks maintained proton conductivity. </LI> <LI> Multiscale patterned membrane/guided Au cracked layer improved device performance. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

      • KCI등재

        Confined growth of high-quality single crystal MAPbBr3 by inverse temperature crystallization for photovoltaic applications

        Taehoon Kim,Young Ho Chu,Jieun Lee,Seong Ho Cho,Seongheon Kim,Kijoon Bang,Hyunjoon Lee,Changhyun Lim,Yun Seog Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2021 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.17 No.4

        Organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells are promising for next-generation thin-fi lm solar cells, demonstratingpower conversion effi ciency exceeding 25%. In particular, single-crystal perovskite materials are estimated to possess superioroptoelectronic properties that can further enhance the effi ciency. However, fabricating thin single-crystal perovskite for a lightabsorberlayer remains challenging. In this study, a 40-μm-thick single-crystalline MAPbBr 3 perovskite is fabricated by inversetemperature crystallization (ITC) with a selective seed-transfer technique. By using a separate seed growth process and a seedtransferprocess, a 16.23-mm 2 -large single domain high-quality single-crystalline MAPbBr 3 perovskite can be grown withoutadditional nucleation. The grown single-crystal MAPbBr 3 exhibits a low surface roughness of 0.51 nm and low trap density of7.61 × 10 8 cm −3 . We also fabricate solar cells with single-crystalline MAPbBr 3 using a glass substrate coated with SnO 2 andindium-tin-oxide thin fi lms. The single-crystal MAPbBr 3 -based solar cells demonstrate a power conversion effi ciency of 4.31%.

      • Vapor transport deposited tin monosulfide for thin-film solar cells: effect of deposition temperature and duration

        Lee, Dajeong,Cho, Jae Yu,Yun, Hee-Sun,Lee, Doh-Kwon,Kim, Taehoon,Bang, Kijoon,Lee, Yun Seog,Kim, Ho-Young,Heo, Jaeyeong Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 Journal of Materials Chemistry A Vol.7 No.12

        <P>The influence of the vapor transport deposition (VTD) conditions of tin sulfide (SnS) on the formation of secondary phases, preferred orientation, and solar cell performance is investigated in this study. It is concluded that 600 °C is the optimal growth temperature for the formation of pure SnS absorbers. When the growth temperature was 550 °C, the formation of secondary Sn2S3 and SnS2 phases was detected by Raman analysis. When the growth temperature was 625 °C, a noticeable change in morphology was observed with the plate-shaped grains aligned vertically to the substrate, which is detrimental to solar cell performance. The duration of growth also affected the morphology of the SnS absorber. Thin absorbers exhibited strong (120) preferred orientation. With increased duration of growth, (101) and (111) orientations increased. Such a variation in preferred orientation influenced the SnS/CdS solar cell’s performance. When the absorber thickness was as thin as ∼0.7 μm, the cell was prone to shunting and severe series resistance. When the absorber was as thick as ∼3.0 μm, physical shunting prevailed, worsening the performance of the cell. The highest efficiency of 3.93% with good cell-to-cell uniformity was achieved when the absorber thickness was ∼1.2 μm. The good stability of the best device was also confirmed under continuous illumination and damp-heat conditions for 100 h.</P>

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