Ki-1 임파종 1 예

김용진,김경재,박재복,이지현,안기성,강민모,최석문,황기석 대한내과학회 1993 대한내과학회지 Vol.45 No.4

A 60-year-old man was admitted to our hospital complaining of fever with chillness and anarexia for 12 weeks. Physical examination revealed supraclavicular lymphadenopathy and left inguinal lymphadenopathy. Abdominal CT scan showed the evidence of maked lymphadenopathy on retraperitoneal, external iliac, obturator, left inguinal, and celiac lymph nodes. A pathologic diagnosis of Ki-1(+) lymphoma was made by the biopsed supraclavicular lymph node because the node consisted of large cells with pleomorphic nuclei, scanty cytoplasm, large basophilic nucleoli, atypical vacuoli and large cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, Ber-H2, marker, and B-cell marker.

실내 스모그 챔버의 설계 및 성능평가

배귀남,김민철,이승복,송기범,진현철,문길주 한국대기환경학회 2003 한국대기환경학회지 Vol.19 No.4

A multi-functional indoor smog chamber was designed and evaluated lo investigate photochenical or water vapor reaction mechanisms of air pollutants. Various smog chamber experiments could be conducted using ambient air or purified air in this smog chamber. The smog chamber consisted of a housing, a Teflon bag, blacklights, injection ports, sampling ports, and utility facilities. The characteristics of light source, the wall losses of air pollutants, and the quality of purified air were experimentally investigated. The maximum NO₂ photolysis rate was 1.10min^(-1). In a 2.5-m³ Teflon bag, the wall losses of ambient O₃, NO, and NO₂were 1.2~2.4×10^(-3)min^(-1), 0.7~2.0×10^(-3)min^(-1), and 0.4-2.0×10^(-3)min^(-1), respectively. The wall loss of ambient particles ranging 0.05 to 0.2㎛ was 1.8~5.4×10^(-3)min^(-1), which was slightly higher than those of ambient gaseous species. The purified air supply system provided high quality of air with NO₂, < 1 ppb, and total hydrocarbons <5 ppb.

Al₃Sc 나노 석출물이 ARB 가공한 Al-0.2 wt% Sc 합금의 고경각립계 형성에 미치는 영향

민복기,김형욱,강석봉 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.12

The cold rolled Al-0.2 wt% Sc alloy sheets were pre- heat treated: (1) as solution treated at 630℃ for 1 hour and (2) as artificial aged at 300℃ for 5 hours, and the following accumulative roll bonding was conducted up to the 8 cycles at ambient temperature. The interconnecting boundary spacing of the aged alloys was narrow and maintained constantly at each ARB cycle. While, the spacing of solution treated alloy was relatively broad and decreased rapidly with increasing ARB cycles. The fraction of high angle boundaries in both alloys increased gradually with increasing equivalent strain, however the age-ARB alloys showed relatively higher fraction of HAGBs than the solution treat-ARB alloys at the same strain levels. And the former shows faster development of lamellar structure than the later. These variations are attributed to the fact that the nano-scale, semi-coherent A13Sc hinders the migration of dislocation. However, those precipitates cannot apply pinning effect sufficiently during static recrystallization above 350℃ because the driving pressure for recrystallization overcomes the Zener pinning pressure. (Received September 30, 2004)

강소성 가공한 Al에서 Sc과 Zr의 석출 거동

민복기,김형욱,강석봉 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.11

The elements of Sc and Zr were added to pure Al for improving thermal stability and refining grain size. Sc was presented on boundaries and Zr dominantly on matrix in as cast state. After homogenization treatment, Sc was dissolved mostly but Zr retained in matrix; though the two elements were presented on the same location in Al-Sc-Zr alloy. Semi-coherent Al₃Sc in Sc added alloy was precipitated during severe plastic deformation, and shown (001)_(matrix)//(001)_(Al₃Sc) orientation relationship with matrix. Al₃Zr in as cast Zr added alloy was shown the orientation relationship (011)_(matrix)//(100)_(Al₃Zr), and partially retained and dissolved with increasing deformation. In the Al-Sc-Zr alloy, retained Al₃Zr had the role of nucleation site for Al-Sc precipitates so that Al₃Zr mainly coexist with Al-Sc precipitates.

논토양중 카드뮴 유효도와 수도의 흡수이행에 미치는 석회 및 Humic acid 사용효과

김민경,김원일,정구복,박광래,윤순강,엄기철 한국환경농학회 2004 한국환경농학회지 Vol.23 No.1

토양중 중금속이 식물에 흡수 및 이행되는 것을 경감시켜 여기에서 생산된 농산물의 안전성 향상을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고 논토양의 카드뮴 유효도와 흡수이행에 미치는 석회와 humic acid 처리 효과를 구명하기 위하여 실내경험과 포트실험을 수행하였다. 실내실험에서 공시토양에 2.5와 5.0 ton/ha의 석회와 1%와 2% humic acid를 처리한 후 토양중 가용성 카드뮴 함량 변화를 조사한 결과, 두 처리 모두 14일까지는 담수상태에서 처리효과로 인하여 가용성 카드뮴 함량이 감소하다가 그 이후에는 토양의 완충능에 의해 다시 증가하는 경향이었다. 이때, 토양의 가용성 카드뮴 함량은 토양 pH 및 양이온치환용량과 부의 상관이 있었다. 2.5 ton/ha의 석회와 1% 의 humic acid를 처리한 후 담수시켜 안정화된 다음 벼를 재배하여 조사한 결과, 석회와 humic acid 처리에 비해 분얼기와 수확기의 치화태 및 수용태 카드뮴 함량이 낮아졌으나, 분얼기에 비해 수확기에 토양중 이동이 어려운 산화물 및 탄산염태와 황화물 및 잔류태의 함량이 증가하였다. 식물에 흡수가 용이한 형태로 알려진 치환태와 수용태는 모두 토양 pH와 고도의 부의 상관이 있었다. 수확기의 줄기, 잎 및 현미 건물중은 석회 및 humic acide 처리구에서 대조구에 비해 모두 높았고, 특히 석회 처리구의 건물중이 현저하게 높았다. 석회 처리구에서 줄기와 잎의 카드뮴 함량은 각각 1.01과 0.37㎎/㎏으로 대조구와 비슷하였으나, 뿌리나 현미의 카드뮴 ?량은 각각 2.11과 0.09㎎/㎏으로 대조구에 비해 낮았다. 지상부와 뿌리의 카드뮴 함량은 humic acid 처리에 의해 현저히 낮아졌으며, 특히 현미로의 카드뮴 이행도 월등히 낮게 나타난다. This study was conducted to know the effect of lime and humic acid on cadmium availability and its uptake by plant grown in contaminated paddy soils with heavy metal. The treatment levels of lime were 2.5 and 5.0 ton/ha and that of humic acid were 1 and 2%. The contents of 0.1 N HCl extractable Cd were reduced with lime and humic acid and were negatively correlated with CEC as well as soil pH. The sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate the heavy metals in soil into the designated from exchangeable (0.5 M KNO₃), water soluble (H₂O), organically bound (0.5 M NaOH), carbonate (0.05 M Na₂-EDTA) and sulfide/residual (4 M HNO₃). In soil amended with 2.5 ton/ha lime and 1% humic acid, chemical forms of Cd at tillering stage were predominant exchangeable+water soluble extractable Cd, whereas that at harvesting stage were predominant carbonate+sulfide/residual extractable Cd. The exchangeable forms of Cd in soil with lime and humic acid were negatively correlated with soil pH during the harvesting period. Total absorbed Cd of paddy rice tended to occur in the order of root > stem > leaf > brown rice. Cd con- tents of brown rice with lime and humic acid treatment were 0.09 and 0.08 mg/kg, respectively. That were lower than control, 0.20 ㎎/㎏. It could be that treatment of lime and humic acid in polluted soil by heavy metals would reduce the uptake of heavy metals by plants and be a temporary method of reclamation at the highly heavy metal contaminated soils.

마하피닝 처리에 의한 기계구조용 합금강의 피로균열전파 지연효과

김민건,임복규,박홍기,황중각 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.A

Mach peening treatment is one of the various kinds of techniques to improve the fatigue properties. The mach peening process gives high-level work hardening and compressive residual stress near the surface layer, improving the fatigue strength. In addition, this treatment reduces slip bands that initiate the fatigue cracks near the surface. During impingement, a plastic indentation surrounded by a plastic zone is formed. Mach peening treatment characteristic is less energy consumption and is an environmental friendly processing methods that is not accompanied by pollution. It is machining process that can prevent fatigue fracture beforehand in structure using already as well as process of production. The test results showed that fatigue crack propagation delay appeared by drilling type 43%, mach peening type 110%.

냉찜질 및 온찜질이 위절제술 환자의 복부통증완화에 미치는 영향

김민정,도복늠,성기월 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1996 慶北醫大誌 Vol.37 No.1

목적 : 수술환자의 통증조절은 환자의 안위간호에 핵심이다. 위절제술환자에게 계획된 사전정보제공, 냉찜질, 온찜질 등의 종합적인 접근방법을 모두 적용함으로써 단일 방법의 간호중재보다 효과적인 통증조절이 가능한지를 파악하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 대구시내 일 대학병원에 입원하여 1994년 12월 10일부터 4월 40일까지 위절제술을 받은 환자 40명을 대상으로 계획된 사전정보제공, 냉·온찜질을 제공받은 실험군과 단편적인 수술정보제공만 받은 대조군 20명으로 나누어 통증점수, 불편감점수, 활력증후 등의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과 : 계획된 정보제공, 냉·온찜질을 모두 제공받은 실험군은 대조군보다 통증점수, 불패감점수가 모두 유의하게 낮았으나 활력증후의 차이는 없었고 사전정보제공과 냉찜질 1회 시행직후는 시행전보다 통증점수, 불쾌감점수가 유의하게 낮아졌다. 결론 : 수술에 대한 단편적인 정보제공을 위주로 하고 있는 간호중재는 환자의 통증관리에 효과적이지 못하며 보다 종합적인 계획적 간호중재가 통증관리를 효율적으로 할 수 있음이 입증되었고 특히 계획된 수술정보제공과 수술후 6시간후부터 할 수 있는 최초의 냉찜질이 통증관리에 매우 효과적이라고 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to observe the pain relief effect of planned information, cold and hot application on the postoperative pain after gastrectomy. Fourty patients at Kyungpook National University Hospital who underwent gastrectomy and permitted this study were chosen and observed from February 10 to April 14, 1994. Twenty patients in the experimental group received the planned information on the previous day of surgery and cold and hot application, cold bags were applicated for twenty minutes on the operational site from 6 hours after gastrectomy to postperative 24 hours at every 6 hours by 4 times, and hot bags were applicated for 20 minutes on operational site from 30 hours after gastrectomy to postoperative 48 hours at every 6 hours by 4 times. The other twenty patients in the control group didn't sake the planned information, cold and hot application. Pain of experimental and control group was checked with graphic rating scale(GRS), blood pressure, body temperature, pulse, and amples of analgesics. (Nubain) The results of this study were summerized as follows. · The experimental group revealed significantly lower pain score and unpleasantness score in GRS than those of control group. · No significant difference were found between the experimental and control group in vital sign. · No significant difference were found between the experimental and control group in amples of Nubains. · The experimental group who received the planned information and 1st cold application reveald signifi cantly lower pain score and unpleasant score than those at the pretest.

平衡 電壓共振型 인버터의 具現에 관한 硏究

이민기,주창복 경남대학교 신소재연구소 1994 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

공진콘덴서, 댐핑다이오드 및 스위칭소차(IGBT)로 구성된 전압공진형 인버터를 上,下로 평형형으로 구성한 평형 전압공진형 인버터를 제안하였다. 기존 인버터 스위칭 소자의 내압을 이용하여 220[V]의 입력전원에 사용 될 수 있도록 인버터와 함께 인버터의 IGBT 구동회로를 설계 제작하고 그 동작 특성을 고주파 유도가열기에 적용하여 실험하였다. 제안된 인버터의 성능 실험결과 전압 평형율은 96.7%로 안정 되었으며 열효율, 소비전력 변화율, 전력 제어 및 EMI 특성에 있어 우수한 결과를 얻었다. In this thesis, by balanced type connecting the existing two voltage resonant inverters each other, the balanced voltage resonant inverter for induction heating system is proposed. Balanced voltage resonant inverter and its IGBT driving circuit are designed, faricated and its various performance characteristics are experimented in the induction heating system. The experimental test results show that the proposed balanced voltage resonant inverter is very stable in voltage balancing rate between two resonant inverter capacitors of resonant circuit. It also showed very satisfied results on power efficiency, power variation rate, power control and EM1 performance characteristics.

열린교육에서의 교사의 역할

김주복,김기민 창원대학교 학생생활연구소 1995 학생생활연구 Vol.8 No.-

This study attempts to investigate the roles of teachers in open education (OE), which is a kind of reform movement in formal education, especially in elementary education. The method of this study is based on documents. But the difference between this study and the previous studies may be that this is concerned with both the theories and practices in OE. To do this, we are requested to answer the following four questions: (ⅰ) What is the theoretical background of OE? (ⅱ) What is the practical aspect of OE? (ⅲ) What are the roles of teachers in OE? (ⅳ) What are the meaning involved in the roles of teachers in OE? Theoretically, OE has to do with an educational thought developed through the history of western education i.e., vivid education through meaningful learning. OE assumes the human being as follows: (ⅰ) A human is an individual being with uniqueness. (ⅱ) A human bears the need of self-actualization. (ⅲ) A human can be equipped with the autonomy and self-identity. Based on the above assumptions, OE may be defined as a kind of education which develops the personality and creativity of the learner through the way that a learner is respected as a person. The characteristics of OE are (ⅰ) open organization which considers the learner's aptitude, interest and ability, (ⅱ) open human relationship where the relation between teacher and learner is not authoritarian but democratic, and (ⅲ) open curriculum where teacher regards the curricuium not as solid but as flexible. The bssic principles of OE are the freedom rule which means to permit the learner to choose educational activities, the environment rule to provide the learner with the educative environment for the significant learning, the individual instruction rule to orient meaningful learning considering the traits of learner, and the respect rule to regard the learner as a person. In OE of England, the government leaves the considerable discretion to the principals and the teachers in curriculum implementation. They usually emphasize the integrated curriculum. OE in Americal focuses on team-teaching, individual instruction, and open space for special educational activities, allowing voluntary aids to care for the class. OE in Japan is restructured to maximize the learner's personality and individuality, emphasizing team-teaching, and considering the peculiarities of region, school and class. The aim of OE in Korea shown in the pervious studies on the practices of OE is to develop the learner's potentialities and traits, directing him to realize self-actualization. The content of curriculum should be organized flexibly, considering the individual characteristics of the learner. But the educational activities in the classroom are required to abide by the formal curriculum offered by the Ministy of Education. The process of instruction-learning can enable the to develop his abilities by adopting the various teaching methods or materials and animating the interaction between teacher and learner. On investigating both the theoretical and the practical aspects of OE, the roles of teacher in OE may be summarized as follows: (ⅰ) the administration of flexible curriculum, (ⅱ) the pursuit of individual instruction, (ⅲ) the guidance of learning to learn, (ⅳ) the adoption of various educational activities and the allowance of learner's free activities, (ⅴ) the use of various groupings and learning scenes, (ⅵ) the application of cooperative instruction i.e. team-teaching and interaction, (ⅶ) the practical use of volunteers and human resources. I am sure that OE is a field where learner's personality can be respected, and learning to learn acquired under open circumstances. The reason why OE is important may be that it can provide a progressive strategy to solve the educational problems existing in present schooling. As a matter of fact, Schools adopting OE are changing from the employment of uniform teaching method to the application of various teaching methods. At first the OE as a reform movement in Korea was led not by the compelling of educational establishment but by the awakening of educational grass-roots. And now OE is supported by many teachers, parents and the authorities concerned. In concluding, what is teacher in OE may be defined as follows: (ⅰ) the authority who can run the curricuium flexibly, (ⅱ) the expert who can apply the various teaching methods considering both the subjects and the learner, (ⅲ) the guide who can direct learning to learn. In a sense, The roles of teacher in OE are equal to the roles of good teacher emphasized by the educational theories and proctices.

마하피닝 처리에 의한 기계구조용 합금강의 피로균열전파 지연효과

김민건,임복규,박홍기,황중각 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.B

Mach peening treatment is one of the various kinds of techniques to improve the fatigue properties. The mach peening process gives high-level work hardening and compressive residual stress near the surface layer, improving the fatigue strength. In addition, this treatment reduces slip bands that initiate the fatigue cracks near the surface. During impingement, a plastic indentation surrounded by a plastic zone is formed. Mach peening treatment characteristic is less energy consumption and is an environmental friendly processing methods that is not accompanied by pollution. It is machining process that can prevent fatigue fracture beforehand in structure using already as well as process of production. The test results showed that fatigue crack propagation delay appeared by drilling type 43%, mach peening type 110%.