Responses of Pea Varieties to Rhizobium Inoculation

M. Khondaker,A.R.M. Solaiman,A.J.M.S. Karim,M.M. Hossain 韓國作物學會 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.5

The responses of five varieties and three cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum) to Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, growth, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake were investigated. The pea varieties were IPSA Motorshuti-l, IPSA Motorshuti-2, IPSA Motorshuti-3, BARI Motorshuti-l, BARI Motorshuti-2 and the cultivars were 063, Local small and Local white. Fifty percent seeds of each pea variety/cultivar were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium inoculants at rate of 15g/kg seed and the remaining fifty percent seeds were kept uninoculated. The plants inoculated with Rhizobium inoculant significantly increased nodulation, growth, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake. Among the varieties/cultivars, BARI Motorshuti-l performed best in almost all parameters including nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria of the crop. There were positive correlations among the number and dry weight of nodules (r=0.987** , 0.909** ), nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria (r=0.944** , 0.882** ), dry weight of shoot (r=0.787** , 0.952** ), N content (r=0.594** , 0.605** ) and N uptake (r=0.784** , 0.922** ) by shoot both at flowering and pod filling stages of the crop, respectively. It was concluded that BARI Motorshuti-l in symbiotic association with Rhizobium inoculant performed best in recording nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake by pea.

Research Note

Mahfuzul I. Khondaker,Eric G. Lambert 아시아경찰학회 2009 Asia Pacific Journal of Police & Criminal Justice Vol.7 No.1

It is important to understand crime views, and how they differ among nations across the world. No published cross-cultural research on crime views of Bangladeshi and U.S. individuals could be located; therefore, this preliminary study examined the views of crime, criminals, treatment, and punishment among college students of Bangladesh and the U.S. The results of the independent t-test indicated that views differed on 14 of the 17 indicators used. When Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression equations were calculated to determine whether the results were independent of the effects of gender, age, academic standing, and importance of religion in a person’s life, the two nations differed on 15 of the 17 indicators. For respondents from both nations, these issues are complex. Within each group, there were differing views as well. Thus, there are not only cross-national differences in the views, but intra-national differences as well.

Responses of Pea Varieties to Rhizobium Inoculation: Nitrogenase Activity, Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake

Solaiman, A.R.M.,Khondaker, M.,Karim, A.J.M.S.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Crop Science 2003 Korean journal of crop science Vol.48 No.5

The responses of five varieties and three cultivars of pea (Pisum sativum) to Rhizobium inoculation on nodulation, growth, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake were investigated. The pea varieties were IPSA Motorshuti-l, IPSA Motorshuti-2, IPSA Motorshuti-3, BARI Motorshuti-l, BARI Motorshuti-2 and the cultivars were 063, Local small and Local white. Fifty percent seeds of each pea variety/cultivar were inoculated with a mixture of Rhizobium inoculants at rate of 15g/kg seed and the remaining fifty percent seeds were kept uninoculated. The plants inoculated with Rhizobium inoculant significantly increased nodulation, growth, nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake. Among the varieties/cultivars, BARI Motorshuti-l performed best in almost all parameters including nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria of the crop. There were positive correlations among the number and dry weight of nodules (r=$0.987^{**}$, $0.909^{**}$), nitrogenase activity of root nodule bacteria (r=$0.944^{**}$, $0.882^{**}$), dry weight of shoot (r=$0.787^{**}$, $0.952^{**}$), N content (r=$0.594^{**}$, $0.605^{**}$) and N uptake (r=$0.784^{**}$, $0.922^{**}$) by shoot both at flowering and pod filling stages of the crop, respectively. It was concluded that BARI Motorshuti-l in symbiotic association with Rhizobium inoculant performed best in recording nitrogenase activity, dry matter production and N uptake by pea.

Spatial modeling of COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh

Sarkar Showmitra Kumar,Ekram Khondaker Mohammed Mohiuddin,Das Palash Chandra 대한공간정보학회 2021 Spatial Information Research Vol.29 No.5

The purpose of the research was to investigate and identify the demographic risk factors behind the transmission of COVID-19 in Bangladesh based on spatial and statistical modeling. Number of COVID-19 confirmed cases per thousand population as the dependent variable and nine demographic explanatory variables were considered. Different spatial (i.e., Spatial Lag and Spatial Error Model) and non-spatial (Classic Model) regression techniques were employed in the research to detect the geographical relevance of potential risk factors affecting the transmission of COVID-19. Results indicate that population density was crucial for explaining the pattern of COVID-19 transmission in Bangladesh. Spatial Auto-correlation suggests that the spatial pattern of population density were significantly clustered at a confidence interval of 95%. Again, the regression analysis also shows that population density is an influential determinant for the propagation of COVID-19 in Bangladesh, with densely populated districts like Dhaka and Narayanganj also being among the worst affected areas. The findings of this research will help the government agencies and communities for effective and well-informed decision making in order to develop and implement strategies to contain the further spread of COVID-19 in Bangladesh.

Transport Properties in Samples Containing InAs Self-Assembled Dots and Dashes

길호 김,C.-T. Liang,D. A. Ritchie,J. T. Nicholls,S. I. Khondaker,김태환 한국물리학회 2003 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.42 No.III

We report transport measurements of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) formed in a GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well, in which InAs has been inserted into the centre of the GaAs quantum well. Depending on the capping layers, the InAs forms either self-assembled quantum dots or dashes, and due to the resulting strain fields repulsive short-range scattering is experienced by the conduction electrons in the 2DEG. The single electron transport is through a dot or dash isolated using a pair of split-gate deposited on the sample surface. By application of a source-drain voltage we investigate the energies of a dot or dash that is trapped within the one dimensional channel defined by the range 0.5-2 meV. We speculate that the dot and dash are formed by strain modulation of the conduction of the conduction band in the GaAs quantum well.

Centimeter-Scale 2D van der Waals Vertical Heterostructures Integrated on Deformable Substrates Enabled by Gold Sacrificial Layer-Assisted Growth

Islam, Md Ashraful,Kim, Jung Han,Schropp, Anthony,Kalita, Hirokjyoti,Choudhary, Nitin,Weitzman, Dylan,Khondaker, Saiful I.,Oh, Kyu Hwan,Roy, Tania,Chung, Hee-Suk,Jung, Yeonwoong American Chemical Society 2017 NANO LETTERS Vol.17 No.10

<P>Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) such as molybdenum or tungsten disulfides (MoS2 or WS2) exhibit extremely large in-plane strain limits and unusual optical/electrical properties, offering unprecedented opportunities for flexible electronics/optoelectronics in new form factors. In order for them to be technologically viable building-blocks for such emerging technologies, it is critically demanded to grow/integrate them onto flexible or arbitrary shaped substrates on a large wafer-scale compatible with the prevailing microelectronics processes. However, conventional approaches to assemble them on such unconventional substrates via mechanical exfoliations or coevaporation chemical growths have been limited to small-area transfers of 2D TMD layers with uncontrolled spatial homogeneity. Moreover, additional processes involving a prolonged exposure to strong chemical etchants have been required for the separation of as-grown 2D layers, which is detrimental to their material properties. Herein, we report a viable strategy to universally combine the centimeter-scale growth of various 2D TMD layers and their direct assemblies on mechanically deformable substrates. By exploring the water-assisted debonding of gold (Au) interfaced with silicon dioxide (SiO2), we demonstrate the direct growth, transfer, and integration of 2D TMD layers and heterostructures such as 2D MoS2 and 2D MoS2/WS2 vertical stacks on centimeter-scale plastic and metal foil substrates. We identify the dual function of the Au layer as a growth substrate as well as a sacrificial layer which facilitates 2D layer transfer. Furthermore, we demonstrate the versatility of this integration approach by fabricating centimeter-scale 2D MoS2/single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) vertical heterojunctions which exhibit current rectification and photoresponse. This study opens a pathway to explore large-scale 2D TMD van der Waals layers as device building blocks for emerging mechanically deformable electronics/optoelectronics.</P>

Controlled electroplating and electromigration in nickel electrodes for nanogap formation

Los Santos Valladares, Luis De,Leon Felix, Lizbet,Bustamante Dominguez, Angel,Mitrelias, Thanos,Sfigakis, Francois,Khondaker, Saiful I,Barnes, Crispin H W,Majima, Yutaka IOP Pub 2010 Nanotechnology Vol.21 No.44

<P>We report the fabrication of nickel nanospaced electrodes by electroplating and electromigration for nanoelectronic devices. Using a conventional electrochemical cell, nanogaps can be obtained by controlling the plating time alone and after a careful optimization of electrodeposition parameters such as electrolyte bath, applied potential, cleaning, etc. During the process, the gap width decreases exponentially with time until the electrode gaps are completely bridged. Once the bridge is formed, the <I>ex situ</I> electromigration technique can reopen the nanogap. When the gap is ∼ 1 nm, tunneling current–voltage characterization shows asymmetry which can be corrected by an external magnetic field. This suggests that charge transfer in the nickel electrodes depends on the orientation of magnetic moments. </P>