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Fine Impedance Matching by Use of Liquid Stub Tuners in ICRF Experiment on LHD
kenji Saito,C. Takahashi,H. Takeuchi,J. G. Kwak,J. S. Yoon,M. Yokota,R. Kumazawa,T. Seki,T. Mutoh,Y. P. Zhao 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.III
An impedance-matching system with liquid stub tuners was developed for high-power, long-pulse ICRF injection in LHD. In order to predict the optimum liquid heights, a loading resistance and an effective length were calculated. We used a complex reflection coefficient measured at a directional coupler attached to the outlet of an oscillator. The effective length changed, as well as the loading resistance, when the plasma condition was changed. Moreover, the effective length changed during long-pulse ICRF injection. By using the loading resistance and the effective length, the liquid heights for impedance matching were calculated and the reflected power was reduced in discharges having similar plasma parameters. Application of this method to real-time feedback control for long-pulse discharges is now being prepared.
Kurokawa, Kenji,Lee, Hanna,Roh, Kyung-Baeg,Asanuma, Miwako,Kim, Young Sook,Nakayama, Hiroshi,Shiratsuchi, Akiko,Choi, Youngnim,Takeuchi, Osamu,Kang, Hee Jung,Dohmae, Naoshi,Nakanishi, Yoshinobu,Akira, American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2009 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.284 No.13
<P>Some synthetic lipopeptides, in addition to native lipoproteins derived from both Gram-negative bacteria and mycoplasmas, are known to activate TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2). However, the native lipoproteins inherent to Gram-positive bacteria, which function as TLR2 ligands, have not been characterized. Here, we have purified a native lipoprotein to homogeneity from Staphylococcus aureus to study as a native TLR2 ligand. The purified 33-kDa lipoprotein was capable of stimulating TLR2 and was identified as a triacylated SitC lipoprotein, which belongs to a family of ATP binding cluster (ABC) transporter substrate-binding proteins. Analyses of the SitC-mediated production of cytokine using mouse peritoneal macrophages revealed that the SitC protein (3 nm) induced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6. Moreover, analysis of knock-out mice showed that SitC required TLR2 and MyD88, but not TLR1 or TLR6, for the induction of cytokines. In addition to the S. aureus SitC lipoprotein, we purified two other native ABC transporter substrate-binding lipoproteins from Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus luteus, which were both shown to stimulate TLR2. These results demonstrate that S. aureus SitC lipoprotein is triacylated and that the ABC transporter substrate-binding lipoproteins of Gram-positive bacteria function as native ligands for TLR2.</P>
Shimizu, Hirotaka,Arai, Katsuhiro,Takeuchi, Ichiro,Minowa, Kei,Hosoi, Kenji,Sato, Masamichi,Oka, Itsuhiro,Kaburaki, Yoichiro,Shimizu, Toshiaki The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.1
Purpose: The long-term efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) have not been well-evaluated. Here, we reviewed the long-term durability and safety of IFX in our single center pediatric cohort with UC. Methods: This retrospective study included 20 children with UC who were administered IFX. Results: For induction, 5 mg/kg IFX was administered at weeks 0, 2, and 6, followed by every 8 weeks for maintenance. The dose and interval of IFX were adjusted depending on clinical decisions. Corticosteroid (CS)-free remission without dose escalation (DE) occurred in 30% and 25% of patients at weeks 30 and 54, respectively. Patients who achieved CS-free remission without DE at week 30 sustained long-term IFX treatment without colectomy. However, one-third of the patients discontinued IFX treatment because of a primary nonresponse, and one-third experienced secondary loss of response (sLOR). IFX durability was higher in patients administered IFX plus azathioprine for >6 months. Four of five patients with very early onset UC had a primary nonresponse. Infusion reactions (IRs) occurred in 10 patients, resulting in discontinuation of IFX in four of these patients. No severe opportunistic infections occurred, except in one patient who developed acute focal bacterial nephritis. Three patients developed psoriasis-like lesions. Conclusion: IFX is relatively safe and effective for children with UC. Clinical remission at week 30 was associated with long-term durability of colectomy-free IFX treatment. However, approximately two-thirds of the patients were unable to continue IFX therapy because of primary nonresponse, sLOR, IRs, and other side effects.
Masayuki Furukawa,Kenichi Miyata,Chie Kawasome,Yoshiko Himeda,Kenji Takeuchi,Toshihisa Koga,Yukihiro Hirao,Ken Umehara 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.12
Tolvaptan is a competitive vasopressin V2-receptor antagonist that inhibitswater reabsorption in the renalcollecting ducts. A selective and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for determiningtolvaptan and its nine metabolites in rat serum was developedand validated. An analogue of tolvaptan was used as aninternal standard. Sample preparation involved protein precipitationfollowing solid-phase extraction. Chromatographicseparation was performed on a C18 reversed-phase columnwith a linear gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.25 mL/min,and total run time was 30 min. The analytes were detected bytandem mass spectrometry using an electrospray ionizationinterface in positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring. The calibration curve showed linearity over the concentrationrange from 5 to 1,000 ng/mL for each analyte. Thelower limit of quantification using 0.1 mL of rat serum was5 ng/mL for each analyte. Precision did not exceed 5.7 %, andaccuracy as relative error were within ± 7.5 % for all analytes. The validated method was successfully applied toevaluate the pharmacokinetics of oral tolvaptan in rats, indicatingthe systemic exposure to tolvaptan in females eighttimes larger than that in males.