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Edge Router Selection and Traffic Engineering in LISP-Capable Networks
Ke Li,Sheng Wang,Xiong Wang 한국통신학회 2011 Journal of communications and networks Vol.13 No.6
Recently, one of the problems with the Internet is the issue of scalability. To this end, locator/identifier separation protocol (LISP), which separates end-system identifiers and routing locators,has been proposed as a solution. In the LISP deployed network,the ingress and egress nodes of inter-AS traffic is determined by edge router selection (ERS) and endpoint identifier-routing locator mapping assignment (ERMA). In this paper, joint optimizations of ERS and ERMA for stub networks with and without predetermined link weights are studied and the mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulations for the problems are given. To make the problem with optimizable link weights tractable, a revised local search algorithm is also proposed. Simulation results show that joint optimization of ERS and ERMA enables better network performance.
Fatigue behavior of concrete beams reinforced with HRBF500 steel bars
Ke Li,Xin-Ling Wang,Shuang-Yin Cao,Qing-Ping Chen 국제구조공학회 2015 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.53 No.2
The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the fatigue performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with hot-rolled ribbed fine-grained steel bars of yielding strength 500MPa (HRBF500). Three rectangular and three T-section RC beams with HRBF500 bars were constructed and tested under static and constant-amplitude cyclic loading. Prior to the application of repeated loading, all beams were initially cracked under static loading. The major test variables were the steel ratio, crosssectionalshape and stress range. The stress evolution of HRBF500 bars, the information about crack growth and the deflection developments of test beams were presented and analyzed. Rapid increases in deflections and tension steel stress occured in the early stages of fatigue loading, and were followed by a relatively stable period. Test results indicate that, the concrete beams reinforced with appropriate amount of HRBF500 bars can survive 2.5 million cycles of constant-amplitude cyclic loading with no apparent signs of damage, on condition that the initial extreme tensile stress in HRBF500 steel bars was controlled less than 150 MPa. It was also found that, the initial extreme tension steel stress, stress range, and steel ratio were the main factors that affected the fatigue properties of RC beams with HRBF500 bars, whose effects on fatigueproperties were fully discussed in this paper, while the cross-sectional shape had no significant influence in fatigue properties. The results provide important guidance for the fatigue design of concrete beams reinforced with HRBF500 steel bars.
Ke Li,Jun-Ya liu,Lei Fu,Ying-Ying Zhao,Yan-Hong Bai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2019 Animal Bioscience Vol.32 No.5
Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the thermal gelation properties and molecular forces of actomyosin extracted from two classes of chicken breast meat qualities (normal and pale, soft and exudative [PSE]-like) during heating process to further improve the understanding of the variations of functional properties between normal and PSE-like chicken breast meat. Methods: Actomyosin was extracted from normal and PSE-like chicken breast meat and the gel strength, water-holding capacity (WHC), protein loss, particle size and distribution, dynamic rheology and protein thermal stability were determined, then turbidity, active sulfhydryl group contents, hydrophobicity and molecular forces during thermal-induced gelling formation were comparatively studied. Results: Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that protein profiles of actomyosin extracted from normal and PSE-like meat were not significantly different (p>0.05). Compared with normal actomyosin, PSE-like actomyosin had lower gel strength, WHC, particle size, less protein content involved in thermal gelation forming (p<0.05), and reduced onset temperature (To), thermal transition temperature (Td), storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″). The turbidity, reactive sulfhydryl group of PSE-like actomyosin were higher when heated from 40°C to 60°C. Further heating to 80°C had lower transition from reactive sulfhydryl group into a disulfide bond and surface hydrophobicity. Molecular forces showed that hydrophobic interaction was the main force for heat-induced gel formation while both ionic and hydrogen bonds were different significantly between normal and PSE-like actomyosin (p<0.05). Conclusion: These changes in chemical groups and inter-molecular bonds affected protein-protein interaction and protein-water interaction and contributed to the inferior thermal gelation properties of PSE-like meat.
Ke Li,Guowei Qian,Yaojun Ge,Lin Zhao,Jin Di 한국풍공학회 2019 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.28 No.2
Vortex-Induced-Vibration (VIV) is one kind of the wind-induced vibrations, which may occur in the construction and operation period of bridges. This phenomenon can bring negative effects to the traffic safety or can cause bridge fatigue damage and should be eliminated or controlled within safe amplitudes. In the current VIV studies, one available mitigation countermeasure, the horizontal flow-isolating plate, shows satisfactory performance particularly in PI shaped bridge deck type. Details of the wind tunnel test are firstly presented to give an overall description of this appendage and its control effect. Then, the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) method is introduced to investigate the control mechanism, using two-dimensional Large-Eddy-Simulation to reproduce the VIV process. The Reynolds number of the cases involved in this paper ranges from 1×〖10〗^5 to 3×〖10〗^5, using the width of bridge deck as reference length. A field-filter technique and detailed analysis on wall pressure are used to give an intuitive demonstration of the changes brought by the horizontal flow-isolating plate. Results show that this aerodynamic appendage is equally effective in suppressing vertical and torsional VIV, indicating inspiring application prospect in similar PI shaped bridge decks.
Research on Mechanism, Properties, and Application of Oxidized–Stretched Wool Fiber
Ke Li,Wenliang Xue 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.1
The quality of wool fiber is essential for wool textiles, especially for clothing manufacture and fabric comfort. Wool fiberstretching method is the physical–mechanical way to gain fine wool with short cycle time, low cost, and good outcome. Whileit still needs to improve the properties of the stretched wool products, to meet the market requirements. In this work, themechanism and properties of wool fiber are investigated by combining oxidation and stretching methods, and the propertiesof yarns and fabrics made of the oxidized–stretched wool fiber after dyeing and other technological processes are compared. The results demonstrate that the properties of oxidized–stretched wool fiber and yarn are promoted, and the fabric productsshow higher qualities in the aspects, such as hand feeling, shrink-resist property, and dimensional stability. Moreover, it isdemonstrated that the addition of gelatine can repair the damage of oxidized–stretched wool fiber, thereby enhancing theperformance of wool textiles.
Local Bond Stress-Slip Model of High-Strength Stainless Steel Wire Ropes in ECC
Ke Li,Dapeng Zhao,Jiajun Fan,Juntao Zhu 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.5
Engineered cementitious composites (ECC) reinforced with high-strength stainless steel wire ropes (HSSSWR) is a new composite that has attracted much attention. Comprehensive understanding of the local bond stress-slip relationship of HSSSWR in ECC is a significant aspect to popularize the application of this new composite. In this research, the local bond stress-slip relationship between HSSSWR and ECC was investigated experimentally and theoretically, considering the influences of bond lengths, nominal diameters of HSSSWR and compressive strength of ECC. In order to accurately predict the bond stress and slip at different positions along the embedded length, a local bond stress-slip model was proposed for HSSSWR-ECC interface, and the model parameters were determined based on the pull-out test results and microsegment analysis of HSSSWR in ECC by using a nested iteration procedure. Furthermore, the three-dimension (3D) nonlinear finite element (FE) modeling method by using the proposed model was used to predict the bond-slip performance of HSSSWR in ECC. Finally, the global load-slip relationships calculated by using the iterative procedure and the 3D FE modeling method were compared with test results, which validated the acceptability of the developed local bond stress-slip model and the FE modeling method.