『위대한 유산』에 나타난 자아상실

윤강섭 현대영미어문학회 2001 현대영미어문학 Vol.19 No.3

This dissertation aims to investigate the theme of the personal self-consciousness in Great Expectations, Charles Dickens' favorite theme. In Chapter Ⅱ, it will be made clear how the protagonist Pip loses his personal identity. In the former part of the novel, Pip goes through the process of entering the macrocosm out of his microcosm. Not satisfied with the secure life at his sister's home where his brother-in-law offers ever favorable guide, Pip decides to go to London to realize his ambition, to get the gentlemanship. In the eagerness of pursuing this ambition, he at last falls a victim to the seduction of a great expectation. Pip goes through a series of suffering because he has misthought that the unearned wealth is a shortcut to the gentlemanship. In the course of widening his physical world, Pip loses his personal self. - ⅳ - Dickens' device of the plot which is divided into these two meaningful parts can be said to have been intended to dramatize the process of Pip's initiation. Dickens, in the last analysis, has meant to reveal the value of the real self of an individual by dramatizing his hero's action. A series of Pip's action after his recognition is heroic one seldom found in average men in Victorian Age when all rush for the class-promotion by attaining contitions, not mental or spiritual but physical. - ⅴ - In Great Expectations, Dickens can be said to reveal his innermost thought of glorifying the genuine human personality uncorrupted by the social experience in that he satirzies the general institutions of British society in Victorian Age which snared Pip.

Deep Red Phosphorescence of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by <i>o</i>-Carborane Substitution

Bae, Hye Jin,Chung, Jin,Kim, Hyungjun,Park, Jihyun,Lee, Kang Mun,Koh, Tae-Wook,Lee, Yoon Sup,Yoo, Seunghyup,Do, Youngkyu,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2014 Inorganic chemistry Vol.53 No.1

<P>Heteroleptic (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N = 5-MeCBbtp (<B>5a</B>); 4-BuCBbtp (<B>5b</B>); 5-BuCBbtp (<B>5c</B>); 5-(<I>R</I>)CBbtp = 2-(2′-benzothienyl)-5-(2-<I>R</I>-<I>ortho</I>-carboran-1-yl)-pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, R = Me and <I>n</I>-Bu; 4-BuCBbtp = 2-(2′-benzothienyl)-4-(2-<I>n</I>-Bu-<I>ortho</I>-carboran-1-yl)-pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, acac = acetylacetonate) complexes supported by <I>o</I>-carborane substituted C<SUP>∧</SUP>N-chelating ligand were prepared, and the crystal structures of <B>5a</B> and <B>5b</B> were determined by X-ray diffraction. While <B>5a</B> and <B>5c</B> exhibit a deep red phosphorescence band centered at 644 nm, which is substantially red-shifted compared to that of unsubstituted (btp)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<B>6</B>) (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 612 nm), <B>5b</B> is nonemissive in THF solution at room temperature. In contrast, all complexes are emissive at 77 K and in the solid state. Electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that the carborane substitution leads to the lowering of both the HOMO and LUMO levels, but has higher impact on the LUMO stabilization than the HOMO, resulting in the reduction of the triplet excited state energy. In particular, the LUMO stabilization in the 4-substituted <B>5b</B> is more contributed by carborane than that in the 5-substituted <B>5a</B>. The solution-processed electroluminescent device incorporating <B>5a</B> as an emitter displayed deep red phosphorescence (CIE coordinate: 0.693, 0.290) with moderate performance (max η<SUB>EQE</SUB> = 3.8%) whereas the device incorporating <B>5b</B> showed poor performance, as well as weak luminance.</P><P>The introduction of an <I>o</I>-carborane to the 4- or 5-position of the pyridine ring of a btp ligand in heteroleptic (C<SUP>∧</SUP>N)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) complexes leads to deep red phosphorescence, which is substantially red-shifted compared to that of (btp)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac). The solution processed PhOLED devices incorporating the 5-carborane substituted Ir(III) complex as an emitter display moderate performance with deep red phosphorescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2014/inocaj.2014.53.issue-1/ic401755m/production/images/medium/ic-2013-01755m_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic401755m'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Phosphorescence Color Tuning of Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes by <i>o</i>-Carborane Substitution

Kim, Taewon,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Kang Mun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung American Chemical Society 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.52 No.1

<P>Heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I> = 4-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>1</B>); 5-<I>CBppy</I> (<B>2</B>), 4-<I>fppy</I> (<B>4</B>) <I>CB</I> = <I>ortho</I>-methylcarborane; <I>ppy</I> = 2-phenylpyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, 4-<I>fppy =</I> 2-(4-fluorophenyl)pyridinato-C<SUP>2</SUP>,N, acac = acetylacetonate) complexes were prepared and characterized. While <B>1</B> exhibits a phosphorescence band centered at 531 nm, which is red-shifted compared to that of unsubstituted (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) (<B>3</B>) (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 516 nm), the emission spectrum of <B>2</B> shows a blue-shifted band at 503 nm. Comparison with the emission band for the 4-fluoro-substituted <B>4</B> (λ<SUB>em</SUB> = 493 nm) indicates a substantial bathochromic shift in <B>1</B>. Electrochemical and theoretical studies suggest that while carborane substitution on the 4-position of the phenyl ring lowers the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by a large contribution to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) delocalization, which in turn assigns the lowest triplet state of <B>1</B> as [d<SUB>π</SUB>(Ir)→π*(<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)] <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT in character, the substitution on the 5-position raises the <SUP>3</SUP>MLCT energy by the effective stabilization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level because of the strong inductive effect of carborane. An electroluminescent device incorporating <B>1</B> as an emitter displayed overall good performance in terms of external quantum efficiency (6.6%) and power efficiency (10.7 lm/W) with green phosphorescence.</P><P>The introduction of an <I>o</I>-carborane to the 4- and 5-position of the phenyl ring of a <I>ppy</I> ligand in heteroleptic (<I>C</I><SUP>∧</SUP><I>N</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac) complexes gave rise to red and blue shifts of the phosphorescence band, respectively, compared to that of (<I>ppy</I>)<SUB>2</SUB>Ir(acac). PhOLED devices incorporating the 4-carborane substituted Ir(III) complex as a phosphorescent emitter displayed good performance with green phosphorescence.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2013/inocaj.2013.52.issue-1/ic3015699/production/images/medium/ic-2012-015699_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic3015699'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Molecular portraits of intratumoral heterogeneity in human ovarian cancer

Choi, Yoon Pyo,Shim, Hyo Sup,Gao, Ming-Qing,Kang, Suki,Cho, Nam Hoon Elsevier 2011 Cancer letters Vol.307 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>One of the most common characteristic profiles of cancer is intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH). We aimed to clarify the molecular profiles and biological significance of ITH with relation to cancer stem cell (CSC). We analyzed five primary cultured clones generated from different spatial zones, front and rear zone, of a fresh-frozen ovarian tumor tissue, performing ATP-CRA, conventional RT-PCR, side population (SP) analysis, flow cytometry immunophenotyping, and cell proliferation assays. We also carried out array CGH and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) between SP and non-SP (NSP) cells. Clones from tumor front zone showed phenotypically and genetically distinct subpopulations with relatively higher SP proportions, CD24<SUP>+</SUP> and CD117<SUP>+</SUP> expression, and chemotherapeutic resistance. We demonstrate that phenotype of SP cells in heterogeneous clones of human ovarian cancer was closely related to CD24<SUP>+</SUP>, CD117<SUP>+</SUP>, and combined CD117<SUP>+</SUP>/CD24<SUP>+</SUP> fractions. Chromosomal alterations in SP cells relative to NSP cells were closely related to the novel core networks of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs), such as cycle checkpoint regulation, notch, PTEN, wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, integrin, and cytokine and chemokine signaling. ITH could arise from clonal diversity closely related to CSC-like molecules, as evidenced by accumulated genetic, transcriptional and gene products alterations in SP.</P>

Turn-on colorimetric sensing of fluoride ions by a cationic triarylborane bearing benzothiazolium

Song, Ki Cheol,Lee, Kang Mun,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Lee, Min Hyung,Do, Youngkyu Elsevier 2012 Journal of organometallic chemistry Vol.713 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A cationic triarylborane Lewis acid bearing benzothiazolium moiety, 2-(4′-dimesitylborylphenyl)-3-methylbenzo[<I>d</I>]thiazol-3-ium ([<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>) was prepared from a neutral borane (<B>2a</B>) and their crystal structures were determined from X-ray diffraction studies. While <B>2a</B> shows a blue-shift with a small decrease in the UV–vis absorption band upon fluoride binding to the boron atom, [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP> undergoes a red-shift of the absorption band which tails over visible region, giving rise to the color change of the solution from colorless to yellow. The fluoride binding constant in THF/H<SUB>2</SUB>O (9/1, v/v) is calculated to be 1.3 × 10<SUP>4</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP> that is much greater than that of a neutral borane <B>2a</B> (<I>K</I> = 4.2 × 10<SUP>2</SUP> M<SUP>−1</SUP>). DFT calculation results suggest that the absorption process in the fluoroborate (<B>2</B>F) is involved with π(Mes)→π*(phenylbenzothiazolium) intramolecular charge transfer and the greater elevation of the π(Mes) donor level is responsible for the turn-on colorimetric response of [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>A cationic triarylborane Lewis acid bearing benzothiazolium moiety ([<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP>) was prepared and characterized. [<B>2</B>]<SUP>+</SUP> displays enhanced fluoride ion affinity and turn-on colorimetric response toward fluoride.<ce:figure id='dfig1'></ce:figure></P><P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► A novel cationic triarylborane Lewis acid was synthesized. ► Fluoride ion affinity was significantly enhanced. ► Fluoride binding led to turn-on color change from colorless to yellow.</P>

공정 압력과 산소 가스비가 투명 플라스틱 기판에 성장시킨 AZO 박막에 미치는 영향

이준표(Jun Pyo Lee),강서운(Seong Jun Kang),정양희(Yang Hee Joung),윤영섭(Yung Sup Yoon) 대한전자공학회 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.47 No.2

본 연구에서는 RF magnetron sputtering 법으로 기판온도 200 ℃ 에서 공정 압력 (5∼20 mTorr)과 산소 가스비 (0∼3 %) 를 변화시켜가며 PES 플라스틱 기판 위에 AZO (Al : 3 wt%) 박막을 제작하여 광학적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. XRD 측정을 통해 공정 조건에 관계없이 모든 AZO 박막이 c 축으로 우선 성장함을 확인할 수 있었다. 박막의 표면을 AFM 으로 조사한 결과, 표면 거칠기 값은 공정압력 5 mTorr, 산소 가스비 3 % 에서 제작한 박막에서 가장 낮은 값 (3.49 ㎚) 을 나타내었다. 모든 AZO 박막이 가시광 영역에서 80 % 정도의 투과율을 보였으며, 공정 압력과 산소 가스비가 감소할수록 에너지 밴드갭이 증가하는 Burstein-Moss 효과를 관찰할 수 있었다. Hall 측정 결과, 공정 압력 5 mTorr와 산소 가스비 0 %에서 제작한 AZO 박막에서 가장 높은 캐리어 농도 2.63 × 10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP> 값과 가장 낮은 비저항 4.35 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝ 값을 나타내었다. In this study, AZO (Al : 3 wt%) thin films have been prepared on PES Plastic substrates at various working pressure (5∼20 mTorr), O2 gas flow rate (0∼3 %) and the fixed substrate temperature of 200 ℃ by using the RF magnetron sputtering and their optical and electrical properties have been studied. The XRD measurement shows that AZO thin films exhibit c-axis preferred orientation. From the results of AFM measurements, it is known that the lowest surface roughness (3.49 ㎚) is obtained for the AZO thin film fabricated at 5 mTorr of working pressure and 3 % of O₂ gas flow rate. The optical transmittance of AZO thin films is measured as 80 % in the visible region. We observe that the energy band gap of AZO thin films increases with decreasing the working pressure and the O₂ gas flow rate. This phenomenon is due to the Burstein-Moss effect. Hall measurement shows that the maximum carrier concentration (2.63 × 10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP>) and the minimum resistivity (4.35 × 10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝) are obtained for the AZO thin film fabricated at 5 mTorr of working pressure and 0 % of O2 gas flow rate.

기판온도 및 박막두께가 Ga-doped ZnO 박막의 특성에 미치는 영향

조원준(Won Jun Cho),강성준(Seong Jun Kang),윤영섭(Yung Sup Yoon) 大韓電子工學會 2010 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.47 No.1

본 연구에서는 RF 마그네트론 스퍼터링 법으로 Eagle 2000 유리 기판 위에 Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) 박막을 제작하여, 기판온도 100∼400 ℃ 및 박막두께에 따른 박막의 결정화 특성과 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 조사하였다. 공정조건에 상관없이 모든 GZO 박막은 c-축 배향성을 나타내는 (002) 회절 피크만이 관찰되었고, 300 ℃에서 400 ㎚ 증착한 GZO 박막이 가장 우수한 결정성을 나타내었으며, 그 때의 반가폭 값은 0.4°이었다. 또한, AFM 으로 박막의 표면형상을 분석한 결과 300 ℃에서 400 ㎚ 증착한 박막에서 비교적 입자가 고르고 치밀한 박막이 형성되었다. 전기적 특성은 홀 측정 결과 300 ℃에서 400 ㎚ 증착한 박막에서 가장 낮은 비저항 (8.01×10<SUP>-4</SUP> Ω㎝)과 가장 높은 전자 캐리어농도 (3.59×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP>) 를 나타내었다. 모든 GZO 박막은 공정조건에 무관하게 가시광 영역에서 80 %의 투과율을 나타내었으며, 기판온도 및 박막두께 증가에 따른 Ga 도핑효과의 증가로 밴드 갭이 넓어지는 Burstein-Moss 효과가 관찰되었다. In this study, Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) thin films have been fabricated on Eagle 2000 glass substrates at various substrate temperatures 100∼400 ℃ and thin film thickness by RF magnetron sputtering in order to investigate the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the GZO thin films. It is observed that all the thin films exhibit c-axis orientation and a (002) diffraction peak only. The GZO thin films, which were deposited at T=300 ℃ and 400 ㎚, shows the highest (002) orientation, and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) diffraction peak is 0.4°. AFM analysis shows that the formation of relatively smooth thin films are obtained. The lowest resistivity (8.01×10<SUP>-4</SUP> Ω㎝) and the highest carrier concentration (3.59×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP>) are obtained in the GZO thin films deposited at T=300 ℃ and 400 ㎚. The optical transmittance in the visible region is approximately 80 %, regardless of process conditions. The optical band-gap shows the slight blue-shift with increase in doping which can be explained by the Burstein-Moss effect.

PLD 법으로 제작한 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막의 광학적 및 전기적 특성

신현호(Hyun Ho Shin),한정우(Jung Woo Han),강성준(Seong Jun Kang),윤영섭(Yung Sup Yoon) 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.45 No.7

본 연구에서는 펄스 레이저 법으로 200 mTorr 의 산소 분압에서 기판 온도를 200 ℃ 에서 600 ℃ 까지 변화시켜 가며, quartz 기판 위에 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막을 제작하여 광학적 및 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. XRD 측정을 통해 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막이 다결정 상태인 것을 알 수 있었으며, 기판 온도가 500 ℃ 로 증가함에 따라 35.5° 부근의 In₂O₃(400) 피크는 감소한 반면 30.6°부근의 In2O3 (222) 피크는 증가했다. 박막의 표면을 AFM 으로 조사한 결과, round type 의 결정립들이 관찰되었으며 표면 거칠기 값은 500 ℃ 에서 제작한 박막에서 가장 낮은 값 (6.15 ㎚) 을 나타내었다. 모든 In₂O₃-ZnO 박막이 가시광 영역에서 평균 82 % 이상의 투과율을 보였다. 또, 500 ℃ 에서 제작한 In2O3-ZnO 박막에서 가장 높은 캐리어 농도 (2.46×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP>) 값과 가장 낮은 비저항 (1.36×10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝) 값을 나타내었다. In this study, In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are prepared on quartz substrates by the pulsed laser deposition and their optical and electrical properties are investigated as the function of substrate temperatures (200 ~ 600 ℃) at the fixed oxygen pressure of 200 mTorr. The XRD measurement shows that polycrystalline In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are formed. In the XRD measurement, the intensity of the (400) In₂O₃ peak at 35.5° decreases and that of the (222) In₂O₃ peak at 30.6° increases with the increase substrate temperature up to 500 ℃. From the result of AFM measurement, the morphology of In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are observed as round-type grains. The lowest surface roughness (6.15 ㎚) is obtained for the In₂O₃-ZnO thin film fabricated at 500 ℃. The optical transmittance of In₂O₃-ZnO thin films are higher than 82 % in the visible region. The maximum carrier concentration of 2.46×10<SUP>20</SUP> ㎝<SUP>-3</SUP> and the minimum resistivity of 1.36×10<SUP>-3</SUP> Ω㎝ are obtained also for the In₂O₃-ZnO thin film fabricated at 500 ℃.

갑상선 결절에 대한 세침흡입 세포검사에서 반복적인 비진단적 검체의 원인에 대한 분석

최영근<SUP>1<.SUP>,윤찬석,고승상,허민희,강성수,이지현,전이경<SUP>2<.SUP>,박지영<SUP>2<.SUP>,이해경,Young Gun Choi,<SUP>1<.SUP>,Chan Seok Yoon,Seung Sang Ko,Min Hee Hur,Sung Soo Kang,Jee Hyun Lee,Yi Kyeong Chun,<SUP>2<.SUP>,Ji Y 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2006 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.6 No.1

Novel Reversible Zn²⁺-Assisted Biological Phosphate “Turn-On” Probing through Stable Aryl-hydrazone Salicylaldimine Conjugation That Attenuates Ligand Hydrolysis

Tsay, Olga G.,Manjare, Sudesh T.,Kim, Hyungjun,Lee, Kang Mun,Lee, Yoon Sup,Churchill, David G. American Chemical Society 2013 Inorganic Chemistry Vol.52 No.17

<P>A novel reversible zinc(II) chemosensing ensemble (<B>2</B>·Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>) allows for selective “turn-on” fluorescence sensing of ATP and PPi in aqueous media (detection limits: 2.4 and 1.0 μM, respectively) giving selective binding patterns: ATP ∼ PPi > ADP ≫ AMP > monophosphates ≈ remaining ions tested. The conjugated hydrazone [CN<I>NH</I>R] resists hydrolysis considerably, compared to the imine [CN<I>CH</I><SUB><I>2</I></SUB>R, pyridin-2-ylmethanamine] functionality, and generalizes to other chemosensing efforts. Prerequisite Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>·[O<SUB>phenol</SUB>N<SUB>imine</SUB>N<SUB>pyr</SUB>] binding is selective, as determined by UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy; ATP or PPi extracts Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> to regenerate the ligand–fluorophore conjugate (PPi: turn-on, 512 nm; detection limit, 1.0 μM). Crystallography, 2-D NMR spectroscopy, and DFT determinations (B3LYP/631g*) support the nature of compound <B>2</B>. 2-Hydrazinyl-pyridine-salicylaldehyde conjugation is unknown, as such; a paucity of chemosensing-Zn<SUP>2+</SUP> binding reports underscores the novelty of this modifiable dual cation/anion detection platform. A combined theoretical and experimental approach reported here allows us to determine both the potential uniqueness as well as drawbacks of this novel conjugation.</P><P>A chemosensing ensemble, involving conjugated hydrazone [CN<I>NH</I>R], greatly resists hydrolysis to allow for reversible and selective “turn-on” fluorescence sensing of ATP and PPi in aqueous media: ATP ∼ PPi > ADP ≫ AMP > monophosphates ≈ others.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/inocaj/2013/inocaj.2013.52.issue-17/ic4013526/production/images/medium/ic-2013-013526_0011.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ic4013526'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>