Determination of key sensor locations for non-point pollutant sources management in sewer network

강온유,이승철,KAILAS L. WASEWAR,Hongbin Liu,김민정,TaeSeok Oh,Emad Janghorban,유창규 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.30 No.1

As the importance of watershed management has emerged for water systems, non-point pollutant sources have been blamed as the main problem of water pollution. To control non-point pollutant sources, it is necessary to monitor sewers connected to the watershed and to analyze their effects on the sewer network. As the cost to monitor a sewer network depends on the number of sensors installed, the monitoring stations should be decided with proper guide of the installation location rule. In present paper, a new method to select the proper sensor location is proposed by combining monitoring information with data mining techniques. To estimate the amount of pollutants by wash-off and to find the sensor locations in a sewer network, three scenarios are considered based on rainfall intensity, influent concentrations and flow rate. The optimal locations of the sensor were selected based on the proposed method to facilitate the management of non-point pollutant source in sewer network. The presented approach can be extended to a complex sewer network system to design a minimum number of sensors and optimum locations for the sensors.

Enhancement of Esterification of Propionic Acid with Isopropyl Alcohol by Pervaporation Reactor

Rathod, Ajit P.,Wasewar, Kailas L.,Yoo, Chang Kyoo Hindawi Limited 2014 Journal of chemistry Vol.2014 No.-

<P>With increasing cost of raw materials and energy, there is an increasing inclination of chemical process industries toward new processes that result in lesser waste generation, greater efficiency, and substantial yield of the desired products. Esterification is a chemical reaction in which two reactants carboxylic acid and alcohol react to form an ester and water. This reaction is a reversible reaction and the equilibrium conversion can be altered by varying the process parameters. Pervaporation reactor can enhance the conversion by shifting the equilibrium of reversible esterification reactions. Polyvinyl alcohol-polyether sulfone composite hydrophilic membrane was used for pervaporation-assisted esterification of propionic acid with isopropyl alcohol. The experiments were carried out in the presence of sulphuric acid as a catalyst at 50°C to 80°C with various reactants ratios. The esterification was carried out for catalyst loadings of 0.089 kmol/m<SUP>3</SUP>to 0.447 kmol/m<SUP>3</SUP>. The molar ratios of isopropyl to propionic acid used for the experiment were 1 to 1.5. Maximum conversion was obtained for the ratio of 1.4. Also effect of other parameters such as process temperature and catalyst concentration was discussed. It was found that the use of pervaporation reactor increased the conversion of the propionic acid considerably.</P>

Status of adsorptive removal of dye from textile industry effluent

Kumar, Pradeep,Agnihotri, Ruchika,Wasewar, Kailas L.,Uslu, Hasan,Yoo, ChangKyoo Informa UK (Taylor Francis) 2012 Desalination and water treatment Vol.50 No.1

Extractive Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels by Energy Efficient Green Thiazolium based Ionic Liquids

Dharaskar, Swapnil A.,Wasewar, Kailas L.,Varma, Mahesh N.,Shende, Diwakar Z.,Yoo, Chang Kyoo American Chemical Society 2014 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.53 No.51

<P>In the present paper, experimental data on extractive desulfurization of liquid fuel using 3-butyl-4-methylthiazolium thiocyanate [BMTH]SCN is presented. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR, and <SUP>13</SUP>C NMR analyses have been discussed for the molecular confirmation of synthesized [BMTH]SCN. Further, conductivity, solubility, and viscosity analyses of [BMTH]SCN were performed. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, sulfur compounds, ultrasonication, and recycling of [BMTH]SCN without regeneration on removal of dibenzothiophene from liquid fuel were also investigated. In the extractive desulfurization process, the removal of dibenzothiophene in octane was 81.2% for mass ratio of 1:1 in 30 min at 30 °C under the mild reaction conditions. Thiazolium ionic liquids could be reused five times without a significant decrease in activity. Also, the desulfurization of real fuels, multistage extraction was examined. The data and results provided in present paper explore the significant insights of thiazolium based ionic liquids as novel extractant for extractive desulfurization of liquid fuels.</P>

Relative basicity approach for separation of a-toluic acid with triglycerides of fatty acids by reactive extraction

Kanti Kumar Athankar,Kailas L Wasewar,Mahesh N. Varma,Diwakar Z. Shende 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.22 No.-

Extraction of a-toluic acid from aqueous solution has drawn attention due to its ample range ofbiological, antibacterial, analgesic, and virucidal properties. In the present paper, reactive separation ofa-toluic acid with tri-n-butyl phosphate dissolved in triglycerides of fatty acids such as castor oil,soybean oil and sunflower oil has been investigated to evaluate the performance of the diluents andextractants in reactive extraction process. The experimental results were presented as overalldistribution coefficient (KD), loading factor (f), extraction efficiency (E%), and overall equilibriumconstant (Eab) and observed in the range of data 4.4–45.7, 0.006–0.066, 81.6–97.9, and 15.1–28.1,respectively. Further relative basicity approach has been extended to represent the experimental results. The model is best suited to experimental results. The use of triglycerides of fatty acids (natural diluents)such as castor oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil can reduce the toxicity up to certain levels. Hence, allthree diluents can be used to avoid the toxicity effect.

Experimental perspective for reactive separation of malonic acid using TBP in natural non-toxic solvents

Vicky R. Dhongde,Biswajit S. De,Kailas L Wasewar,Priyanka Gupta,Sushil Kumar 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-

Recent technological advancement allows the synthesis of malonic acid from the bio-fermentation routeby using cost-effective raw material like biomass, which enhances its overall production. The diluteaqueous stream of malonic acid produced from the biological route needs to be recovered. Processintensification with precise operating conditions and low toxicity such as reactive separation is appliedfor extraction of malonic acid from the dilute aqueous stream by using non-toxic natural solvents likecanola oil, sunflower oil, and soybean oil with the tributyl phosphate (TBP) extractant. An in-depthexperimental analysis is performed in the present study to evaluate extraction complexation equilibriumconstant (KE(MA)), extraction efficiency (E(MA)%), distribution coefficient (KD(MA)), and loading ratio (Z(MA)). The overall loading ratio is less than 0.5 for all solvents, which signifies the formation of 1:1complexation. KD(MA) and E(MA)% with soybean oil are in range of 0.265–0.832, and 20.683–43.850, forsunflower oil is 0.208–0.763 and 17.227–42.340, for canola oil is 0.301–0.875 and 22.878–45.106. Thebehavior of TBP-malonic acid complexation equilibrium in the reactive separation process is predicted bycomparing relative basicity model values with experimental outputs. The separation process requires acontinuous column operation, and the number of transfer stages is evaluated to be 2. Furthermore, thediffusion coefficients (D(MA)) of malonic acid to the natural, non-toxic solvents with variable TBPconcentrations are evaluated by employing various empirical correlations. The present study paves theway for future research in continuous in-situ product recovery of malonic acid produced via biologicalroute.

Esterification of propionic acid with isopropyl alcohol over ion exchange resins: Optimization and kinetics

Vishal Suresh Chandane,Ajit Pralhad Rathod,Kailas Lachchhuram Wasewar,Shriram Shaligram Sonawane 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.1

The esterification of propionic acid with isopropyl alcohol was studied in an isothermal batch reactor. The activities of three different types of ion exchange resin catalysts (Amberlyst 15, Amberlyst 70 and Dowex 50 WX8) were investigated, and Amberlyst 15 was found to be an effective catalyst for the reaction. The effects of process parameters, namely, catalyst loading, alcohol to acid molar ratio and reaction temperature, were studied and optimized. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process parameters as well as to investigate the interaction between process parameters. The internal and external diffusion limitations were found to be absent at a stirring speed of 500 rpm. The RSM model predicted response (83.26%) was verified experimentally with a good agreement of experimental value (83.62±0.39%). Moreover, the kinetics was studied and the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to fit the kinetic data.

Phosphonium based ionic liquids: Potential green solvents for separation of butanol from aqueous media

Kalyani Ashok Motghare,Diwakar Zaparu Shende,Kailas Lachchhuram Wasewar 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.10

Depleting conventional resources leads to the development of alternate energy sources as a result of rising energy demand. As a result of its high energy content, bio-butanol is an appealing fuel. Yet, a fermentation method of butanol generation by acetone*butanol*ethanol using solventogenic Clostridium has significant limitations. In addition to repressing microbial movement (normally greater than 10 g/L), it also affects their production. In order to separate butanol from aging broth, various separation techniques can be used. As an alternative to traditional solvents, ionic liquids can be used as novel extractants to counter these problems. In the present paper, separation of butanol (simulated) from aqueous media utilizing typical hydrophobic ionic liquids was studied at 298±1 K. Various parameters, such as distribution coefficent (Kd), extraction efficiency (%), diffusion coefficient, solvent-to-feed ratio diffusion coefficient, and number of stages necessary for butanol separation, have been studied. Separation of butanol from aqueous solutions (0.25-2.5 wt%)Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide-CYPHOS IL 109 THTDP [NTF2] ionic liquid, (purity 95.0%), Trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride-CYPHOS IL 101 THTDP[Cl] (purity 95.0%), at ambient conditions (298.15±1 K) was carried out. The average separation efficiency of butanol was observed highest (%E 80.43) with hydrophobic THTDP [NTF2] ionic liquid. The maximum average distribution coefficient (Kd) 11.055 was found for RTIL ionic liquid THTDP [NTF2] compared to THTDP [Cl] ionic liquid. Minimum solvent-tofeed ratio was observed for ionic liquid, THTDP [NTF2], (S/Fmin, 0.3829) and for THTDP [Cl], (S/Fmin, 0.201). Due to excellent/better mixing blending properties with gasoline and diesel fuels, recovery of this prospective butanol by ionic liquid could be utilized in gasoline-driven combustion systems. It would be a more promising alternative to ethanol and gasoline for large-scale applications. Thus, after evaluating the above parameters, it has been determined that butanol would be the most effective renewable biofuel for commercialization using ionic liquids as an extractant.

Investigations of Biocompatible Systems for Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid Using Aminic Extractants (TOA and Aliquat 336)

Sushil Kumar,B V Babu,Kailas L Wasewar 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.6

This paper presents the reactive extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solution by amine based extractants such as tri-n-octylamine and Aliquat 336,dissolved in a mixture of n-dodecane and 1-decanol. Equilibrium experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters such as modifier (1-decanol)concentration, extractant type, extractant composition,diluent composition, and initial acid concentration on the extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency was found to be increased with an increase in modifier composition and extractant composition, and decreased with increases in initial acid concentration. Different biocompatible extractant/diluent systems such as (1) 20% TOA, 20% 1-decanol and 60% n-dodecane, (2) 20% TOA, 30% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane, (3) 30% TOA, 20% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane and (4) 25% Aliquat 336,25% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane are developed and used in this study. A mathematical model based on mass action law and a population-based search algorithm (differential evolution, DE) is proposed, and is used to estimate the extraction equilibrium constant (KE) and stoichiometry of reactive extraction. Individual equilibrium constants for the simultaneous formation of (1:1) and (2:1)acid:amine complexes are also determined. The extraction system comprised of 20% TOA, 30% 1-decanol, and 50%n-dodecane was found to be the best among the four biocompatible extractant/diluent systems studied. The loading ratios found in the range of 0.113 ~ 1.05 indicated the simultaneous formation of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between acid and TOA. This paper presents the reactive extraction of propionic acid from aqueous solution by amine based extractants such as tri-n-octylamine and Aliquat 336,dissolved in a mixture of n-dodecane and 1-decanol. Equilibrium experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of various parameters such as modifier (1-decanol)concentration, extractant type, extractant composition,diluent composition, and initial acid concentration on the extraction efficiency. The extraction efficiency was found to be increased with an increase in modifier composition and extractant composition, and decreased with increases in initial acid concentration. Different biocompatible extractant/diluent systems such as (1) 20% TOA, 20% 1-decanol and 60% n-dodecane, (2) 20% TOA, 30% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane, (3) 30% TOA, 20% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane and (4) 25% Aliquat 336,25% 1-decanol and 50% n-dodecane are developed and used in this study. A mathematical model based on mass action law and a population-based search algorithm (differential evolution, DE) is proposed, and is used to estimate the extraction equilibrium constant (KE) and stoichiometry of reactive extraction. Individual equilibrium constants for the simultaneous formation of (1:1) and (2:1)acid:amine complexes are also determined. The extraction system comprised of 20% TOA, 30% 1-decanol, and 50%n-dodecane was found to be the best among the four biocompatible extractant/diluent systems studied. The loading ratios found in the range of 0.113 ~ 1.05 indicated the simultaneous formation of 1:1 and 2:1 complexes between acid and TOA.

Process optimization and kinetic modeling for esterification of propionic acid with benzyl alcohol on ion-exchange resin catalyst

Vishal Suresh Chandane,Ajit Pralhad Rathod,Kailas Lachchhuram Wasewar,Shriram Shaligram Sonawane 한국화학공학회 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.4

Benzyl propionate, an ester with floral and fruity odor, has significant applications in perfumery and flavor industries. This paper describes the optimization of the synthesis of benzyl propionate catalyzed by Amberlyst-15. The effects of various process parameters such as catalyst loading, alcohol-to-acid molar ratio and reaction temperature on propionic acid conversion and yield of ester were assessed by response surface methodology (RSM). The external and internal mass transfer limitations were found to be absent. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the acquired quadratic model successfully interpreted the experimental data with the coefficient of determination values, (R2>0.98) and adjusted R2 values, (>0.97). The RSM model was validated by good agreement between the model predicted and experimental values for responses. Pseudohomogeneous (PH) kinetic model was used and validated (R2>0.95) with the experimental data. The activation energy and frequency factor were evaluated as 42.07 kJ mol−1 and 19,874.64 L mol−1 min−1, respectively.