信息技術發展與嚴播組織權利保護制度的重塑

胡開忠 東國大學校 比較法文化硏究所 2008 比較法硏究 Vol.8 No.2

Abstract: Owing to great development of contemporary information technology, it is easier to transmit broadcast programs illegally, thus the rights of broadcast organization are menaced to be violated seriously increasingly, however, the protection system of broadcast organization based on the Roman Convention does not meet the demands of information technology development gradually. So international intellectual property organization has managed and drew up new plan for broadcast organization rights protection and enlarged the rights of broadcast organization ,but the plan is also criticized by the governments and corporations in some developing countries and some developed countries. We should pay close attention to the newest trends of rights protection of international broadcast organization, make timely amendment on our Copyright Law, and pay attention to protection of the justified interests of the public while protecting broadcast organization rights.

On the complex oscillation of higher order linear differential equations

Kai Liu,Lian-Zhong Yang 대한수학회 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.4

In this paper, we investigate the growth of solutions and the existence of subnormal solutions for a class of higher order linear differential equations. We obtain some results which improve and extend the results of Chen-Shon [2] and Gundersen-Steinbart [5]. In this paper, we investigate the growth of solutions and the existence of subnormal solutions for a class of higher order linear differential equations. We obtain some results which improve and extend the results of Chen-Shon [2] and Gundersen-Steinbart [5].

A comprehensive gene network for fine tuning floral development in poplar

Zhong Chen,Xiaoyu Yang,Xiaoxing Su,Kai Gao,Pian Rao,Xinmin An 한국유전학회 2017 Genes & Genomics Vol.39 No.7

Herbaceous model species, especially Arabidopsis has provided a wealth of information about the genes involved in floral induction and development of inflorescences and flowers. While the genus Populus is an important model system for the molecular biology of woody plant. These two genuses differ in many ways. This study was designed to improve understanding of flower development in poplar at a system level, as its regulatory pathway to a large extent remains poorly known, owing to the presently limited mutant pool. To address this issue, a poplar GeneChip was employed to detect genes expressed during the whole floral developmental process. Using the expressed floral genes, a systematic gene network was constructed with the aid of functional association with Arabidopsis. The results suggested that autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways are involved in poplar flowering. Modularity analysis revealed several pathways in common with Arabidopsis, such as autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization and photoperiod pathways. In addition, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways were implicated as additional novel pathways. Notably, a difference in vernalization between Arabidopsis and poplar was revealed. Autonomous, gibberellin, vernalization, photoperiod, ethylene, brassinosteroid, stress-induced and floral suppression pathways integrated into a systematic gene network in floral development of poplar. Compared to Arabidopsis, brassinosteroid, stressinduced and floral suppression pathways are additional in poplar, and FLC is absent in vernalization pathway in poplar. Preliminary conclusions drawn here provide a basis for both identification of key genes and elucidation of molecular mechanisms involved in poplar floral development.

Sodium Intake, Salt Taste and Gastric Cancer Risk According to Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Smoking, Histological Type and Tumor Site in China

Zhong, Chen,Li, Kai-Nan,Bi, Jing-Wang,Wang, Bao-Cheng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.6

Aim: The risk factors mostly strongly associated with gastric cancer are gastric bacteria Helicobacter pylori and diet. Using a case-control study among residents in Jinan, we examined the association between the salt taste and gastric cancer according to H. pylori infection, smoking and histological type as well as tumor site. Methods: This population-based case-control study included 207 cases and 410 controls. Data on potential risk factors of gastric cancer were obtained by interview of cases and controls with a questionnaire, salt taste preference was measured for all subjects, and IgG antibodies to H. pylori were applied to assess infection. Risk measures were determined using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The proportions of salt taste at intervals of 1.8-7.2 g/L and ${\geq}7.2$ g/L were significantly higher in cases than controls, with ORs of 1.56 (1.23-3.64) and 2.03 (2.12-4.11), respectively, subjects with high salt intake having an elevated risk for gastric cancer when infected with H. pylori. Significant modification by smoking and tumor site was observed across the different measures of salt intake, the highest salt taste showed higher cancer risk in ever smokers or with non-cardia cancers. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that high intake of sodium is an important dietary risk factor for gastric cancer, with a synergistic effect found between salt and H.pylori and smoking, dependent on the tumor site.

Adalimumab induction and maintenance therapy achieve clinical remission and response in Chinese patients with Crohn`s disease

( Kai Chun Wu ),( Zhi Hua Ran ),( Xiang Gao ),( Minhu Chen ),( Jie Zhong ),( Jian Qiu Sheng ),( Michael A Kamm ),( Simon Travis ),( Kori Wallace ),( Nael M Mostafa ),( Marisa Shapiro ),( Yao Li ),( Ro 대한장연구학회 2016 Intestinal Research Vol.14 No.2

Background/Aims: This was a Phase 2 study (NCT02015793) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of adalimumab in Chinese patients with Crohn`s disease (CD). Methods: Thirty, adult Chinese patients with CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] 220-450; high-sensitivity [hs]-C-reactive protein [CRP] ≥3 mg/L) received double-blind adalimumab 160/80 mg or 80/40 mg at weeks 0/2, followed by 40 mg at weeks 4 and 6. An open-label extension period occurred from weeks 8-26; patients received 40 mg adalimumab every other week. Serum adalimumab concentration and change from baseline in fecal calprotectin (FC) were measured during the double-blind period. Clinical remission (CDAI <150), response (decrease in CDAI ≥70 points from baseline), and change from baseline in hs-CRP were assessed through week 26. Nonresponder imputation was used for missing categorical data and last observation carried forward for missing hs-CRP/FC values. No formal hypothesis was tested. Adverse events were monitored. Results: Mean adalimumab serum concentrations during the induction phase were 13.9-18.1 μg/mL (160/80 mg group) and 7.5-9.5 μg/mL (80/40 mg group). During the double-blind period, higher remission/ response rates and greater reductions from baseline in hs-CRP and FC were observed with adalimumab 160/80 mg compared to that with 80/40 mg. Adverse event rates were similar among all treatment groups. Conclusions: Adalimumab serum concentrations in Chinese patients with CD were comparable to those observed previously in Western and Japanese patients. Clinically meaningful remission rates and improvement in inflammatory markers were achieved with both dosing regimens; changes occurred rapidly with adalimumab 160/80 mg induction therapy. No new safety signals were reported. (Intest Res 2016;14:152-163)

Metformin enhances the osteogenic activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus: an in vitro and in vivo study

Kai Dong,Wen-Juan Zhou,Zhong-Hao Liu 대한치주과학회 2023 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.53 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether metformin (MF) could alleviate the expresssion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improve the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from diabetic rats (drBMSCs) in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs in a nude mouse model in vivo. Methods: BMSCs were extracted from normal and diabetic rats. In vitro, a cell viability assay (Cell Counting Kit-8), tests of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and western blot analysis were first used to determine the cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs that were subjected to treatment with different concentrations of MF (0, 50, 100, 200, 500 μM). The cells were then divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rat BMSCs (the BMSCs derived from normal rats group), (2) the drBMSCs group, (3) the drBMSCs + Mito-TEMPO (10 μM, ROS scavenger) group, (4) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) group, and (5) the drBMSCs + MF (200 μM) + H2O2 (50 μM, ROS activator) group. Intracellular ROS detection, a senescenceassociated β-galactosidase assay, ALP staining, alizarin red staining, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assays were performed to determine the effects of MF on oxidative stress and osteogenic differentiation in drBMSCs. In vivo, the effect of MF on the ectopic osteogenesis of drBMSCs was evaluated in a nude mouse model. Results: MF effectively reduced ROS levels in drBMSCs. The cell proliferation, ALP activity, mineral deposition, and osteogenic-related protein expression of drBMSCs were demonstrably higher in the MF-treated group than in the non-MF-treated group. H2O2 inhibited the effects of MF. In addition, ectopic osteogenesis was significantly increased in drBMSCs treated with MF. Conclusions: MF promoted the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of drBMSCs by inhibiting the oxidative stress induced by diabetes and enhenced the ectopic bone formation of drBMSCs in nude mice.

EFFECTS OF INJECTION TIMING ON TRANSIENT PERFORMANCE OF A REGULATED TWO-STAGE TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINE WITH TURBINE BYPASS VALVE

Zhong Chang Liu,Xing Yuan,Jing Tian,Yong Qiang Han,Kai Bo Yu,Peng Kun Teng 한국자동차공학회 2018 International journal of automotive technology Vol.19 No.5

The object of this paper is to reduce soot emissions under typical 5s transient conditions of constant speed and increasing torque. And effects of fuel injection timing on combustion and emissions parameters were experimentally and numerically studied in a regulated two-stage turbocharged diesel engine with a turbine bypass valve (TBV). The test results indicated that: the smaller TBV opening could improve deterioration of smoke emissions and BSFC at medium and heavy loads. Afterward, the full-stage injection timing (FSIT) strategies (delaying injection timing during the entire transient process) could reduce soot and NOX emissions simultaneously. However, when TBV opening became larger, smoke emissions and BSFC were deteriorated gradually. Moreover, the sectional-stage injection timing (SSIT) strategies (advancing injection timing from 10 % load to a preset load and delaying injection timing from the preset load to 100 % load) could markedly reduce soot emissions by 75.8 % with TBV opening 20 %; the degradation of fuel consumption could be effectively suppressed. Finally, coupling the SSIT strategies with the TBV control strategies could significantly improve the transient performance.

ON THE COMPLEX OSCILLATION OF HIGHER ORDER LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Liu, Kai,Yang, Lian-Zhong Korean Mathematical Society 2009 대한수학회보 Vol.46 No.4

In this paper, we investigate the growth of solutions and the existence of subnormal solutions for a class of higher order linear differential equations. We obtain some results which improve and extend the results of Chen-Shon [2] and Gundersen-Steinbart [5].

Prediction models of the shear modulus of normal or frozen soil-rock mixtures

Zhou, Zhong,Yang, Hao,Xing, Kai,Gao, Wenyuan Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.2

In consideration of the mesoscopic structure of soil-rock mixtures in which the rock aggregates are wrapped by soil at normal temperatures, a two-layer embedded model of single-inclusion composite material was built to calculate the shear modulus of soil-rock mixtures. At a freezing temperature, an interface ice interlayer was placed between the soil and rock interface in the mesoscopic structure of the soil-rock mixtures. Considering that, a three-layer embedded model of double-inclusion composite materials and a multi-step multiphase micromechanics model were then built to calculate the shear modulus of the frozen soil-rock mixtures. Given the effect of pore structure of soil-rock mixtures at normal temperatures, its shear modulus was also calculated by using of the three-layer embedded model. Experimental comparison showed that compared with the two-layer embedded model, the effect predicted by the three-layer embedded model of the soil-rock mixtures was better. The shear modulus of the soil-rock mixtures gradually increased with the increase in rock regardless of temperature, and the increment rate of the shear modulus increased rapidly particularly when the rock content ranged from 50% to 70%. The shear modulus of the frozen soil-rock mixtures was nearly 3.7 times higher than that of the soil-rock mixtures at a normal temperature.

Comparative microbiome analysis reveals bacterial communities associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus infection in the Huanglongbing insect vector Diaphorina citri

Liu Kai,Pang Rui,Guan Zi-ying,Zhong Ming-zhao,He Jia-wei,Han Qun-xin 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2

The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri) is a major pest of the citrus industry and is also the vector for Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), a destructive Huanglongbing (HLB) disease of citrus trees. Insect endosymbionts and gut bacteria play important roles in vector-pathogen interactions and host immunity. Thus, our aim was to evaluate the correlation between CLas infection and the microbiome in D. citri by conducting 16S rRNA amplification sequencing on insects successfully and unsuccessfully infected with CLas (CLas-infected and noninfected). Genera Candidatus Profftella, Wolbachia, and Candidatus Carsonella were highly abundant genera in all tested samples. Compared with the non-infected and control groups, CLas-infected samples harboured more observed OTUs and showed higher alpha diversity metrics. Principal coordinate analysis based on beta-diversity metrics indicated two distinct clusters between the CLas-infected samples and non-infected/control samples. Subsequent LEfSe analysis revealed that Candidatus Profftella was more abundant in the non-infected group than in the control and CLas-infected groups. The interaction network also indicated a co-exclusion relationship be tween Candidatus Profftella and CLas, while CLas co-existed with Wolbachia, several Enterobacteriaceae spp., and multiple other bacteria. Our study provides insight into the interaction between the microbiome community in D. citri and CLas, which can facilitate the management of this pest and its associated pathogen.