Effects of excessive tea consumption on pregnancy weight gain and neonatal birth weight

( Shaymaa Kadhim Jasim ),( Hayder Al-momen ),( Ali Kadhim Alqurishi ) 대한산부인과학회 2021 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.64 No.1

Objective Tea lovers are increasing worldwide. We hope that this report is the first to discuss the possible impacts of high black tea consumption on gestational weight gain (GWG) and birth parameters. Methods Throughout one year, a total of 7,063 pregnant ladies coming for first antenatal visit were screened in a major tertiary center. Of them, 1,138 were involved and divided according to their preference into 3 groups: excessive tea (ET), usual tea (UT), and mixed beverages group. The study included women who gave birth to healthy neonates. Results The rate of ET consumption was 4.13% with a total of 41 cases. The UT group (controls) comprised 94 women. ET was significantly associated (P<0.05) with maternal age, parity, occupation, smoking, and poor GWG starting from 30 weeks’ gestation until delivery, low birth weight, and small for gestational age (SGA). Poor GWG had a higher relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) in the ET group than in the UT group in crude (1.84 [0.85-2.43]) and risk adjusted models (1.25 [0.28-2.26]). Further, similar results were obtained for SGA in the crude and 3 adjusted models, where the first model was adjusted for bio-obstetrical variables, the second for social parameters, and the third for all factors included in the previous models (1.53 [0.62-2.81], 1.52 [0.71-2.50], and 1.46 [0.78-2.39]), respectively. Conclusion Consumption of large amounts of daily black tea during pregnancy (≥1,500 mL) is a significant cause of poor GWG and SGA.

A Comparative Performance Study of an Ejector-Expansion Refrigeration Cycle Using R134a and its Alternatives: Application of Automobile Air Conditioning

Al-Chlaihawi Kadhim K. Idan,Kadhim Hakim T.,Yousif Ahmad Hashim 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.4

In this study, the performance of ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC) with R134a alternative refrigerants (R152a, R1234yf, R404A, R407C, R507A and R600a) for automobile air-conditioning application is investigated numerically. The ejector is modeled with a constant mixing-pressure assumption taking into consideration the friction effect in the ejector mixing section. The studied refrigerants are compared based on the optimum area ratio, discharge temperature, compressor input power, volumetric cooling capacity, exergy destruction, COP, exergy efficiency and COP improvement. The results show that R152a and R1234yf have the closest performance to R134a and can be considered the most suitable alternative refrigerants for R134a. The COP and exergy efficiency are improved by 2.26% and 2.27%, respectively, using R152a compared to the use of R134a, whereas they are reduced by 2.89% and 2.88% using R1234yf. The volumetric cooling capacity is reduced for both R152a and R1234yf by 6.14% and 6.8%, respectively. In addition, the effect of compressor rotational speed on the performances is reported.

A Comprehensive Energetic and Exergetic Analysis of an Ejector Expansion Refrigeration Cycle Using R22 and R410A

Kadhim K. Idan Al-Chlaihawi,Khaled Al-Farhany 대한설비공학회 2021 International Journal Of Air-Conditioning and Refr Vol.29 No.2

In this paper, the performance characteristics of an ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC) using R410A are investigated in comparison with that using R22 based on first- and second-law perspectives. For this purpose, a numerical model of constant mixing pressure is developed and a parametric study of the effective design parameters is implemented. The results show that at evaporation temperature (Te) and condensing temperature (Tc) equal to 5∘C and 40∘C, respectively, the coefficient of performance (COP), exergy efficiency and volumetric cooling capacity (VCC) of the R410A EERC is improved by 12.91%, 12.89%, and 10.8%, respectively. Compared with the conventional refrigeration cycle, the EERC is more beneficial at lower evaporation temperature and higher condensing temperature. The COP of R410A EERC, exergy efficiency and VCC improvements over the regular refrigeration cycle are also greater than that of R22 by about 34.7%, 32.3% and 31%, respectively. Exergy analysis shows that applying an ejector in lieu of a throttle valve improved the energetic efficiency by 7.793–15.42% and by 10.59–22.79% for R22 and R410A, respectively, for the given range of evaporating and condensing temperature. In addition, the effects of the suction nozzle pressure drop, area ratio and the component efficiencies of the ejector on the EERC performance are analyzed.

Toward Electrical Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: E-VANET

Kadhim Ahmed Jawad,Naser Jaber Ibrahim 대한전기학회 2021 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.16 No.3

The oil consumption and CO2 generation were the drives to innovate electric vehicles. At the recent years, there is large evolution in the industry of electric vehicles and in the near future, the normal vehicles may be replaced with electric vehicles. The energy consumption of these vehicles depends on the vehicle body size and weight, passengers’ weight, mobility speed, and vehicle communications. In this paper, we focus only on vehicle communications and propose a new concept called Electrical Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (E-VANET). E-VANET is a new trend of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) which composes of connecting a group of electric vehicles with each other and with the infrastructure to exchange information. In addition to the challenges of VANET such as mobility, routing, location awareness, etc., the main challenge in E-VANET is energy consumption that needs a great research eff ort to be reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to highlight E-VANET and new concepts, standards, and technologies that can be used to enhance its performance and reduce energy consumption. The main goal of this paper is to explain the concept of this new network type, its architectures, applications, and challenges as well as the technologies that can be merged with it to increase the network lifetime like software-defi ned network, fog computing, internet of vehicles (IoV) and cloud computing. This paper can open the door in front of the researchers to contribute in enhancing the work of E-VANET.

A first-principles study of B3O3 monolayer as potential anode materials for calcium-ion batteries

Kadhim Mustafa M.,Majdi Ali,Hachim Safa K.,Abdullaha Sallalh. Ahmed,Taban Taleeb Zedan,Rheima Ahmed Mahdi 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.7

Anodic materials with fast kinetics and high capacity are prerequisites for improvement of calcium-ion batteries (CIBs). According to first-principles computations, unique calcium capacity was discovered for B3O3 monolayer. Based on findings, Ca atoms can be adsorbed on B3O3 surface, and the most stable location is the top of the pore center of B3O3 monolayer. Binding energy of B3O3 monolayer is relatively high for Ca atoms. In addition, Ca atoms have been shown to more simple diffuse on B3O3 surface, and lowest diffusion barrier was 65 meV. A more significant finding is that B3O3 monolayer-based nanostructures possess a relatively large capacity of 616.05 mAh/g (as Ca.51BO). These results are expected to support illumination mechanism of Ca storage in boron oxide materials with low-dimensional structures and pave the way for design of CIBs. Therefore, we can utilize the B3O3 anode-based CIBs as alternatives to normal Ca-ion batteries.

On the Performance of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing of Cognitive Radio Networks in AWGN and Rayleigh Fading Environments

( Wasan Kadhim Saad ),( Mahamod Ismail ),( Rosdiadee Nordin ),( Ayman A. El-saleh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.8

For the purpose of enhancing the spectrum efficiency, cognitive radio (CR) technology has been recently proposed as a promising dynamic spectrum allocation paradigm. In CR, spectrum sensing is the key capability of secondary users in a cognitive radio network that aims for reducing the probability of harmful interference with primary users. However, the individual CRs might not be able to carry out reliable detection of the presence of a primary radio due to the impact of channel fading or shadowing. This paper studies the cooperative spectrum sensing scheme as means of optimizing the sensing performance in AWGN and Rayleigh channels. Results generated from simulation provide evidence of the impact of channel condition on the complementary receiver operating characteristic (ROC). Based on the results, it was found that with constant local SNRs at the secondary users, the probability of missed detection (P_m) of cooperative spectrum sensing in a cognitive radio network, calculated using a closed form expression, can be significantly minimized. Thus, the paper illustrates that improvement of the detection performance of the CR network can be achieved by establishing a centralized cooperation among neighboring cognitive radio users. Finally, verification of the validity of the fusion schemes utilized for combining the individual CR decisions is provided.

Natural convection in F-shaped cavity filled with Ag-water non-Newtonian nanofluid saturated with a porous medium and subjected to a horizontal periodic magnetic field

Ahmed Kadhim Hussein,Hameed Kadhem Hamzah,Farooq Hassan Ali,Masoud Afrand 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.4

Natural convection in an F-shaped cavity containing Ag-water non-Newtonian nanofluid (NF) saturatedwith a porous medium was investigated numerically. The left wall of the cavity was maintained at a constant hot temperatureand subjected to a horizontal periodic magnetic field. The right wall was maintained at a constant cold temperature. Both the top and bottom walls of the cavity were kept thermally insulated. In the present work, the Hartmannnumber varied as (0Ha60), the power law index varied as (0.6n1.4), the periodic shape parameter varied as(0.11), the Rayleigh number varied as (103Ra106), the aspect ratio of the cavity varied as (0.1AR0.4), theDarcy number varied as (105Da101) and the solid volume fraction varied as (0 0.06). It was found that theaverage Nusselt number (Nu) increases by increasing the (, Da and Ra), whereas it decreases when (n) and (Ha)increase. Furthermore, it was realized that the relationship between the (Nu) and () exhibits a different behaviordepending on the considered values of (Ra) and (n).

Carbon dioxide capture from industrial flue gas surrogate by multi-cyclical PSA mediated by microporous palm kernel shell and ZIF-8 media

Hind Jihad Kadhim Shabbani,Ammar Ali Abd,Tharveen Raj Rajalingam,Jinsoo Kim,Mohd Roslee Othman,Zuchra Helwani 한국공업화학회 2023 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.126 No.-

This study explores the application of microporous APKS and ZIF-8 adsorbents for carbon dioxide capturefrom flue gas surrogate. The purity and recovery of N2 and CO2 in the product and waste stream weresimulated and experimented in the lab. The experimental breakthrough at different N2/CO2 streamadsorption compositions validated the Aspen adsorption model. Results from the simulation show thatin the product stream, factors such as adsorbent type (APKS), lower adsorption times, and low CO2 concentrationin the feed led to improved N2 purity. On the other hand, results from the experiment showthat the CO2 feed compositions, type of adsorbent and cyclical pressure swing operation correlated significantlywith the purity and recovery of the CO2 in the waste stream. Interestingly, as previously understood,the high surface area was important but not a guarantee to achieve the highest product purity. Thehighest CO2 purity of 83% was obtained using APKS. In contrast, the highest CO2 recovery of 65% wasobtained by ZIF-8. The degraded performance at the increasing cycle was due to the inability of both porousmedia to regenerate completely, causing product contamination and blockages of the CO2 affinitivesites of the adsorbents from capturing the gas effectively.

A Multi-intelligent Agent Architecture for Knowledge Extraction : Novel Approaches for Automatic Production Rules Extraction

Mohammed Abbas Kadhim,M. Afshar Alam,Harleen Kaur 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.2

Exploring electromembrane extraction and liquid membrane for efficient removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions: An overview

Noor R. Kadhim,Hussain M. Flayeh,Ali H. Abbar 대한환경공학회 2023 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.29 No.3

Environmental pollution is experiencing an alarming surge within the global ecosystem, warranting urgent attention. Among the significant challenges that demand immediate resolution, effective treatment of industrial pollutants stands out prominently, which for decades has been the focus of most researchers for sustainable industrial development aiming to remove those pollutants and recover some of them. The liquid membrane (LM) method, specifically electromembrane extraction (EME), offers promise. EME deploys an electric field, reducing extraction time and energy use while staying eco-friendly. However, theres a crucial knowledge gap. Despite strides in understanding and applying EME, optimizing it for diverse industrial pollutants and environmental conditions remains uncharted. Future research must expand EMEs applicability, assess its environmental impact versus other methods, and boost scalability, cost-effectiveness, and energy efficiency in industry. Advances in novel liquid membrane materials can enhance extraction efficiency and selectivity, aiming to provide efficient, sustainable industrial pollutant treatment. This research provides a review of the existing practices in the field of liquid membranes when coupled with the application of an electric field.