무등산국립공원의 부착규조류 분포와 생물학적 수질평가

박정원(JungWon Park) 국립공원연구원 2023 국립공원연구지 Vol.14 No.1

본 조사는 무등산국립공원의 부착규조류 분포와 생물학적 수질평가를 위해 모두 17개의 정점을 선정하여 2022년 4월부터 9월까지 실시하였다. 환경요인은 수온, pH, 전기전도도, BOD, TN 그리고 TP 등을 분석하였다. 출현한 부착규조류는 모두 111종류였고, 우점종은 Achnanthes convergens, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, Gomphonema clevei 등을 포함하여 모두 13종류였다. 이들 중 Cocconeis placentula var. lineata는 모두 11회 우점종으로 출현하여 가장 많은 출현횟수를 보였다. 생태 분류군중 청수성 분류군의 상대빈도는 20.63 ~ 99.57%, 오탁성 분류군은 0 ~ 50.08%였다. 생물학적 수질평가에서 TDI는 12.5 ~ 99.7이었고, 수질등급은 E ~ A등급이었으며, DAIpo는 38.22 ~ 99.79였으며 수질등급은 D ~ A등급이었다. 결론적으로 무등산국립공원의 가장 대표적인 부착규조는 출현횟수, 우점빈도 등에서 Cocconeis placentula var. lineata가 가장 대표적인 종으로 나타났다. 생물학적 수질평가는 대부분의 양호한 상태이나 일부 지점은 수환경에 대해 지속적인 모니터링이 필요한 것으로 보인다. This survey was conducted to evaluate the distribution and biological water quality of epilithic diatoms from April to September 2022 by selecting a total of 17sites in Mudeungsan National Park, Korea. Environmental factors were analyzed such as water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, BOD, TN and TP. A total of 111 species of epilithic diatoms appeared, and the dominant species were 13 species including Achnanthes convergens, Cocconeis placentula var. lineata, and Gomphonema clevei. Among dominant species, C. placentula var. lineata appeared as the dominant species 13times, showing the highest number of appearances. Among the ecological taxa, the relative frequencies of saproxenous group ranged from 20.63 to 99.57%, saprophilous group ranged from 0 to 50.08%. In evaluation of biological water quality, TDI was 12.5 ~ 99.7, water quality grade was E ~ A, DAIpo was 38.22 ~ 99.79, and water quality was D ~ A grade. In conclusion, the most representative epilithic diatom of Mudeungsan National Park was C. placentula var. lineata in terms of appearance number and dominance frequency. Biological water quality assessments are mostly in good condition, but some points appear to require continuous monitoring of the aquatic environment.

태안해안국립공원 바람아래 특별보호구역의 지형 및 염생식물 분포특성 연구

박정원(Jeongwon Park),서종철(Jongchul Seo),김진석(Jinseok Kim),오선관(Sunkwan Oh),박정원(Jungwon Park) 국립공원연구원 2013 국립공원연구지 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구는 바람아래 할미섬 특별보호구역의 자연해안 복원 연구를 위하여 현재의 해빈의 높이, 면적, 해안의 길이, 사구정상의 높이 등 정확한 지형의 현황을 분석하고 지형특성에 따른 사구·염생식물 분포를 분석하고자 하였다. 할미섬 지형의 최고높이는 17m이며 제일 낮은 높이는 평균 3m에서 5m로 섬 남단 만입에서 남동쪽 니질조간대 지역이다. 연구지역내 총 소산식물은 17목 23과 40속 49종 3변종 8외래종이 생육하고 있으며 곰솔군락, 갈참나무군락, 보리장나무군락, 아까시나무군락, 순비기나무군락 등 5개 목본군락과 띠군락, 갯그령군락, 갯잔디군락, 나문재군락, 왕잔디군락, 갯메꽃군락, 해홍나물군락, 천일사초군락, 갯쇠보리군락, 통보리사초군락 등 10개 염생·사구식물군락이 분포하고 있으며 갯그령-띠군락, 띠-갯메꽃군락, 띠-갯그령군락, 띠-은백양나무군락 등 4개의 혼합군락이 분포하고 있다. 식물의 공간적 분포 특성은 곰솔(Pt1), 갯그령(Em2,3,4), 갯잔디(Zs5)를 제외한 식생군락의 대부분이 10m2에서 500m2의 작은 패치형태를 띄고 있으며 높이는 평균 4m에서 6m 사이, 해안선으로부터 거리는 100m에서 150m 사이에 분포하고 잇는 것으로 분석되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the exact current status of the topography such as the present beach elevation and area, coastline and the height of the dune crest, with the analysis of the distribution of the sand dune·halophytes on geomorphic characteristics for the restoration of natural coast in the protection zone of Baramarye Halmi-island. Halmi-island has the maximum height of 17m and the lowest height of average 3m to 5m, which is the muddy tidal flat area located southeast of the embayment on the southern tip of the island. The total distribution of plants in the research sites are 17 orders, 23 families, 40 genus, 49 species and 8 exotic species: 5 arbors communities including Pinus thunbergii, Quercus aliena, Elaeagnus glabra, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Vitex rotundifolia etc., 10 halophytes and sand dune plants communities including Calystegia soldanella, Suaeda maritima, Carex scabrifolia, Ischaemum anthephoroides, Carex kobomugi etc and 4 mixed communities including Elymus mollis-Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii-Calystegia soldanella, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii-Elymus mollis, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii-Populus alba etc. The spatial distribution characteristics of plants are identified that the most plant community are distributed in the distance of between 100m to 150m from the coastline, with the small-scale patch structure of 10m2 to 500m2 and the height of average 4cm to 6cm except Pinus thunbergii (Pt1), Elymus mollis (Em2,3,4) and Zoysia sinica (Zs5).

Imaging Biological Systems by Cryo- and Liquid-Electron Microscopy

Jungwon Park(박정원) 한국고분자학회 2022 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.47 No.2

3D structure of individual nanocrystals in solution by electron microscopy

Park, Jungwon,Elmlund, Hans,Ercius, Peter,Yuk, Jong Min,Limmer, David T.,Chen, Qian,Kim, Kwanpyo,Han, Sang Hoon,Weitz, David A.,Zettl, A.,Alivisatos, A. Paul American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2015 Science Vol.349 No.6245

<P><B>Looking at teeny tiny platinum particles</B></P><P>Electron microscopy is a powerful technique for taking snapshots of particles or images at near-atomic resolution. Park <I>et al.</I> studied free-floating platinum nanoparticles using electron microscopy and liquid cells (see the Perspective by Colliex). Using analytical techniques developed to study biological molecules, they reconstructed the threedimensional features of the Pt particles at near-atomic resolution. This approach has the scope to study a mixed population of particles one at a time and to study their synthesis as it occurs in solution.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 290; see also p. 232</P><P>Knowledge about the synthesis, growth mechanisms, and physical properties of colloidal nanoparticles has been limited by technical impediments. We introduce a method for determining three-dimensional (3D) structures of individual nanoparticles in solution. We combine a graphene liquid cell, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, a direct electron detector, and an algorithm for single-particle 3D reconstruction originally developed for analysis of biological molecules. This method yielded two 3D structures of individual platinum nanocrystals at near-atomic resolution. Because our method derives the 3D structure from images of individual nanoparticles rotating freely in solution, it enables the analysis of heterogeneous populations of potentially unordered nanoparticles that are synthesized in solution, thereby providing a means to understand the structure and stability of defects at the nanoscale.</P>

Liquid Phase TEM Observation for Conformational Dynamics of Single Polymer Chains

Jungwon Park(박정원) 한국고분자학회 2021 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.46 No.2

Macromolecules have a chain structure made up of repeating building blocks and they are naturally flexible in solutions. In many solution systems of biological and synthetic polymers, macromolecules exist in a range of distinct conformations and undergo dynamic transitions between them, responsible for their specific functions and physicochemical properties, and determining a pathway to construct high-level structures. For example, intrinsically disordered proteins, which account for one-third of the proteins in the human proteome, do not adopt a standardized three-dimensional structure and their spontaneous interconversion between unfolded states are crucial in dynamic biological processes. In addition, highly regulated by complex molecular interactions and resulting conformational changes, various synthetic polymers form a wide range of high-order structures by self-structuring of individual molecules. Thus, it is important to understand the intrinsic structural diversity and dynamic behaviors of individual macromolecules at the single-chain level. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) has recently enabled in situ observations of polymers, such as polystyrene sulfonate and poly(ethylene oxide) in aqueous solutions. It provides nanometer resolution in tracking individual molecules in solutions. Advancing LPTEM, here we achieve high-resolution tracking of dendronized polymer chains in graphene liquid cell TEM and elucidate a distinct individual chain architecture and conformational fluctuations of a single linear semi-flexible polymer in a theta solvent. Investigation of the single-chain dynamics combined with molecular dynamic (MD) simulations directly reveals that the degree of intra-chain interactions induces dynamic structural fluctuations between the coiled and elongated conformations of semi-flexible polymers. Additionally, we observe non-equilibrium single chain motions, showing that single-chain trajectories can be highly affected by the locally heterogeneous environment.

Direct Observation of Wet Biological Samples by Graphene Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy

Park, Jungwon,Park, Hyesung,Ercius, Peter,Pegoraro, Adrian F.,Xu, Chen,Kim, Jin Woong,Han, Sang Hoon,Weitz, David A. American Chemical Society 2015 Nano letters Vol.15 No.7

<P>Recent development of liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables the study of specimens in wet ambient conditions within a liquid cell; however, direct structural observation of biological samples in their native solution using TEM is challenging since low-mass biomaterials embedded in a thick liquid layer of the host cell demonstrate low contrast. Furthermore, the integrity of delicate wet samples is easily compromised during typical sample preparation and TEM imaging. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a graphene liquid cell (GLC) using multilayer graphene sheets to reliably encapsulate and preserve biological samples in a liquid for TEM observation. We achieve nanometer scale spatial resolution with high contrast using low-dose TEM at room temperature, and we use the GLC to directly observe the structure of influenza viruses in their native buffer solution at room temperature. The GLC is further extended to investigate whole cells in wet conditions using TEM. We also demonstrate the potential of the GLC for correlative studies by TEM and fluorescence light microscopy imaging.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2015/nalefd.2015.15.issue-7/acs.nanolett.5b01636/production/images/medium/nl-2015-01636y_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl5b01636'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

The OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities and the Protection of Minority Rights in Europe

Jungwon Park 대한국제법학회 2009 國際法學會論叢 Vol.54 No.3

유럽안보협력기구의 소수자문제 고등판무관 제도는 1990년대 이래 유럽에서의 소수자권리 보호에 있어 독특한 역할을 해왔다. 고등판무관제도는 소수자라는 용어를 사용하고 있지만 소수자권리 보호 그 자체 보다는 인종분규로 인한 OSCE 회원국 내의 혹은 회원국간의 안보 위험을 방지하자는 목표에서 출범하였다. 그러나 이러한 지역적 안보 위험 방지의 목표와는 별도로 고등판무관은 소수자권리 보호를 위한 법적 기준 확립 및 발전에도 기여해왔다. 본고는 고등판무관 제도를 소수자권리 보호의 차원에서 살펴보았다. 현대국제법의 세계에서 소수자보호 문제는 법적기준의 확립과 국가적 의무이행 확보라는 차원에서 매우 불충분한 상태로 존재하고 있다. 무엇보다도 소수자권리의 확대가 국내 질서의 안정을 저해할 수 있다는 다수 국가의 소수자문제를 바라보는 소극적인 시각이 실효적인 소수자권리 보호를 어렵게 만들고 있다. 그렇다고 해서 소수자보호의 국제법이 완전한 정체상태에 빠져있다는 뜻은 아니다. 소수자권리 보호를 위한 국제법적 기준의 확립과 발전이 소수자 문제의 민감성으로 인해 매우 더딘 상태로 진행되고 있지만 그럼에도 불구하고 소수자보호의 국제법은 꾸준히 발전하고 있기 때문이다. 소수자문제 고등판무관이 소수자권리 보호를 위해 적극적으로 활용하는 수단은 이른바 권고제도이다. 권고제도는 고등판무관이 스스로의 관행을 통해 발전시킨 것으로서 소수자권리 보호를 위해 매우 효과적으로 사용되고 있다. 권고제도에는 두 가지 있는바 일반적 권고와 특정국가 권고가 그것이다. 일반적 권고는 소수자권리 보호에 대한 고등판무관의 기대와 요구가 반영된 것으로 기존의 국제법상의 소수자권리의 기준을 명확화하고 구체화시키는 기능을하고 있다. 특정국가 권고는 실제로 인종 분규가 심각한 양상을 띠고 있는 국가를 고등판무관이 방문하면서 관계 당국과의 계속적인 서신 교환의 방식으로 구체화된다. 이러한 권고제도의 적극적인 사용을 통해 고등판무관은 유럽에서의 소수자권리 보호 문제에 있어 기준의 설정자로서의 기능과 기준의 이행에 대한 감독자로서의 기능을 사실상 수행하면서 소수자권리의 공고화에 크게 기여하고 있다고 평가된다. 뿐만 아니라, 고등판무관은 특정국가 권고제도를 통해 소수자의 인적 범위를 탄력적으로 해석함으로써 소수자보호 국제법의 매우 민감한 문제인 이주노동자와 이민자 등 새로운 소수자에 대한 보호 가능성을 보여주고 있다. 애초에 고등판무관 제도의 탄생 목적이 소수자권리 보호 그 자체에 있지 않기 때문에 이 제도를 오로지 소수자보호를 위한 독립 기구로 파악하는 것은 곤란하며 따라서 이 제도의 한계를 인식하는 동시에 이 제도의 특징인 동적인 자생적 발전 가능성에 주목하여 효과적으로 운용하면서 소수자보호의 실질화에 적극적으로 활용하는 것이 매우 필요하다고 보여진다. The High Commissioner on National Minorities within the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) has played a unique role in the field of the protection of minority rights in Europe since the early 1990s. Even though the institution was not established for the protection of minority rights as such, it has functioned to protect minority rights by establishing its uniquely self-sustained practices. The central and most effective instrument for the High Commissioner in minority issues in the OSCE states is the recommendation procedure. There are two types of recommendations issued by the High Commissioner: general recommendations and country-specific recommendations. General recommendations are primarily concerned with the clarification and elaboration of existing minority rights standards in a way to present the High Commissioner's expectations and policy guidelines of minority rights for all participating states of the OSCE. The High Commissioner has also issued country-specific recommendations for the purpose of the resolution of ongoing serious conflicts regarding the treatment of minority groups in particular countries in the OSCE area. The country-specific recommendations are more carefully formulated and describe specific suggestions, which in his opinion might resolve the conflict in question. The High Commissioner has sought to induce a particular OSCE state faced with serious ethnic conflicts to comply with minority rights standards by issuing country-specific recommendations, which could have great impacts on the domestic minority policies of the state concerned. The High Commissioner has also functioned as an 'actual' monitor for the protection of minority rights, though there are no concrete provisions for such functional aspects under the Mandate. The monitoring functional aspects of the High Commissioner have become more real and effective with the normative coalition with other European organizations on human rights such as the Council of Europe whose institutional concerns also cover minority protection. Moreover, the High Commissioner seems to have contributed to providing the possibility for the protection of 'new minorities' by taking a flexible position on the question of the citizenship requirement for the minority definition under international law. The practice of the High Commissioner in the field of minority protection has shown that the High Commissioner has contributed to consolidating minority rights in Europe by playing double roles as standard-setter and monitor for the protection of minority rights. The point is that the very institutional nature of the High Commissioner in relation to minority protection is dynamic, instead of being static or neutral and these features must be considered and used more effectively in a constructive manner for the future mandates.

A Low-Power Gigabit CMOS Limiting Amplifier Using Negative Impedance Compensation and Its Application

Jungwon Han,Kwisung Yoo,Dongmyung Lee,Kangyeop Park,Wonseok Oh,Sung Min Park IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on very large scale integration Vol.20 No.3

<P>This paper presents a low-power, gigabit limiting amplifier (LA) for application to optical receivers that employ the negative impedance compensation technique not only to enhance the gain and bandwidth characteristics simultaneously, but also to allow low-voltage, low-power operations. Test chips of the LA were implemented in a standard 0.18-μ m CMOS process, demonstrating 2.5-Gb/s operation with 40-dB gain, 0.053-UI rms jitter for 2<SUP>31</SUP>-1 pseudorandom bit sequence inputs, 9.5-mV<SUB>pp</SUB> input sensitivity for 10<SUP>-12</SUP> bit error rate (BER), and 5.2-mW power dissipation from a single 1.2-V supply. The chip core occupies the area of only 0.25 × 0.1 mm<SUP>2</SUP> . The proposed LA was adopted to realize a low-power, gigabit optical receiver. Fabricated using the same 0.18-μm CMOS technology, the measured results of the optical receiver chip reveal 132.6-dB Ω transimpedance gain, 2.7-GHz bandwidth even with a large 1.5-pF input parasitic capacitance, -16-dBm optical sensitivity for 10<SUP>-12</SUP> BER, and 51-mW power dissipation from a single 1.8-V supply. The area of the whole chip is 1.75 × 0.45 mm<SUP>2</SUP>.</P>

Policy Consultation on Strengthening the Capacity of Foresight for Science, Technology, and Innovation(STI) Strategic Planning in Vietnam 2019-2020

Jungwon Lee,Byeongwon Park,Yong In Choi,Young Il Park,Yoo Hyung Won,Hyun Yim,Bach Tan Sinh,Le Dinh Tien,Ta Doan Trinh 과학기술정책연구원 2019 조사연구 Vol.- No.-

Role of phosphate in ruthenium-complex-sensitized TiO₂ system for hydrogen production: Mechanism and kinetics

Park, Cheolwoo,Park, Jeesu,Park, Jaehoon,Heo, Iljeong,Kim, Wooyul,Kim, Jungwon Elsevier 2019 CATALYSIS TODAY - Vol.335 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Most Ru(II) complex-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> systems for hydrogen (H<SUB>2</SUB>) production suffer from instability of the photosensitized system because the anchoring groups of Ru(II) dyes, which are required for their adsorption on TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, are intrinsically vulnerable to chemical and photochemical cleavage. In this study, a new method that enables the use of a Ru(II) dye without any anchoring groups (Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP>) was developed and investigated. The stable photocatalytic efficiency in repeated H<SUB>2</SUB> production cycles under visible-light irradiation indicates that the Ru(II) dye without anchoring groups is highly stable during dye-sensitized H<SUB>2</SUB> production. The dye-sensitized H<SUB>2</SUB> production in the Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP>-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> system comprising Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP> as a photosensitizer, platinized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) as a cocatalyst-electron mediator, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as an electron donor was negligible. However, the addition of phosphate (PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP>) to the Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP>-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> system enabled the production of H<SUB>2</SUB> via dye sensitization in the absence of any anchoring groups on the dye. The adsorption of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> changed the surface charge of Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> from positive to negative under acidic conditions, thereby inducing adsorption of cationic Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP> on the surface of Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> and facilitating electron transfer from excited Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP> to the conduction band of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> adsorption-induced change in the surface charge and the subsequent adsorption of Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP> on the surface of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP>-adsorbed Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> were confirmed by zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. In contrast with H<SUB>2</SUB> production, the presence of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> had little effect on the kinetics of anionic chromate (CrO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2–</SUP>) reduction in the Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP>-sensitized TiO<SUB>2</SUB> system. This result indicates that electron transfer from Pt to the electron acceptor on PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP>-adsorbed Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> is highly dependent on the charge character of the electron acceptor (i.e., electron transfer to the cationic electron acceptor is more favored). The negative charge on the surface of Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> induced by the adsorption of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> attracts the positively charged protons to the surface, which kinetically enhanced electron transfer from Pt to the protons. The (photo)electrochemical data demonstrate that PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> adsorbed on Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB> facilitates the interfacial electron transfer processes by enhancing the adsorption of Ru(bpy)<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>2+</SUP> and attracting protons to the surface. The positive effect of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> on H<SUB>2</SUB> production increased with increasing PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> concentration and decreasing pH, where the conditions are more favorable for PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> and proton adsorption on the surface of Pt-TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Among the five anions evaluated in this study (PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP>, AsO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP>, F<SUP>–</SUP>, NO<SUB>3</SUB> <SUP>–</SUP>, and SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2–</SUP>), PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> was most efficient and facilitated stable H<SUB>2</SUB> production.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Adsorption of PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3–</SUP> changes the surface charge of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> from positive to negative. </LI> <LI> PO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>3