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Neuroprotective effects of herbal mixture HT070 on global cerebral ischemia in rats
Song, Jungbin,Lee, Donghun,Kim, Young-Sik,Lee, Hyun Jeong,Lee, Seunggyeong,Kim, Dong Kuk,Kang, Shin Ho,Shin, Yong Kook,Choi, Ho-Young,Kim, Hocheol The Korea Association of Herbology 2016 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.31 No.4
Objectives : HT070 is a mixture of herbal extracts from root of Scutellaria baicalensis and stem bark of Eleutherococcus senticosus , which have long been used for stroke therapy in traditional Korean Medicine. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of HT070 on global cerebral ischemia and its potential mechanisms.Methods : Transient global cerebral ischemia was produced by 10 min of four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) in male Wistar rats. HT070 was administered orally at a dosage of 200 mg/kg twice at 0 and 90 min after reperfusion. Hippocampal neuronal damage was measured 7 days after reperfusion. To explore the potential mechanisms, we used hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>)-induced rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells as an in vitro model. PC12 cells were pretreated with HT070 for 1 h and then exposed to 100 μM H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> for 6 h in the presence of HT070. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay and the mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, iNOS and COX-2 were measured by quantitative RT-PCR.Results : Oral administration of HT070 at a dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region by 13.4% as compared to the vehicle-treated group. HT070 increased cell viability, reversed the down-regulated Bcl-2 mRNA level, and suppressed the up-regulated mRNA expressions of Bax, iNOS, and COX-2 in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-treated PC12 cells.Conclusions : HT070 protects against delayed neuronal death after global cerebral ischemia and its neuroprotection properties might be attributed to the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis and ROS-generating enzymes.
Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 이용한 HT042의 14일 반복 경구투여 독성연구
송정빈 ( Jungbin Song ),이동헌 ( Donghun Lee ),김영식 ( Young-sik Kim ),이승경 ( Seunggyeong Lee ),배진숙 ( Jin-sook Bae ),김호철 ( Hocheol Kim ) 대한본초학회 2017 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.32 No.1
Objectives : HT042 is a combination of three herbal extracts from the roots of Astragalus membranaceus , the stems of Eleutherococcus senticosus and the roots of Phlomis umbrosa, which has been demonstrated to increase longitudinal bone growth rate. The aim of this study was to assess the safety of HT042 after repeated oral administration. Methods : A 14-day repeated oral dose toxicity study was conducted using male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. HT042 was administered orally at repeated doses of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day for 14 days. Clinical signs and mortality were observed daily, whereas body weight and food consumption were recorded weekly throughout the experiment. At the end of the study, blood was taken from the posterior vena cava for hematology and serum biochemistry. All organs of the body surface, subcutis, head, thoracic cavity, and abdominal cavity were observed grossly. Then, the internal organs were removed and weighed. Results : No death occurred and no significant changes in clinical sign, body weight, food consumption and serum biochemistry parameters were observed in male and female rats over the study period. Although there were some alterations in hematologic and necropsy findings, and organ weights, these changes were not considered toxicologically significant. Conclusions : These results suggest that the 14-day repeated administration of HT042 does not produce any significant oral toxicity at doses of up to 2,000 ㎎/㎏/day in male and female rats under the present experimental conditions.
Food waste-driven N-doped carbon dots: Applications for Fe<sup>3+</sup> sensing and cell imaging
Ahn, Jungbin,Song, Younghan,Kwon, Ji Eon,Lee, Sang Hyun,Park, Ki Soo,Kim, Seokjoon,Woo, Jeongyeon,Kim, Hyungsup Elsevier 2019 Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for Vol.102 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report highly fluorescent N-doped carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from food waste via one-step hydrothermal carbonization. To study the chemical transition of carbon dots from food wastes, the cat feed stocks driven from food waste were used as the waste model. In the model study, the core of the CDs was successfully self N-doped without extra pre- or post-treatments. The experimental results reveal that the nitrogen in the waste model played an important role in the formation of graphitic N and pyridinic N in the core and functional groups on the surface. Especially, high process temperature (≥180 °C) resulted in high quantum yield as 23% of the CDs from the waste model. To demonstrate the conversion of real food waste into CDs, the hamburger sandwich leftover was used as a precursor for CDs. The food waste driven CDs had similar chemical and fluorescent properties to that of the waste model, having quantum yield of 28%. This study exhibits the food waste driven carbon dots are excellent candidates for fluorescence probe to Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> with high selectivity even under the interference of other metal, and for bio-imaging material with good cell viability over 80%.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
오가피(Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus )의 전연골성 ATDC5 세포의 분화 유도
스레스타사로즈쿠마 ( Saroj Kumar Shrestha ),송정빈 ( Jungbin Song ),이성현 ( Sung Hyun Lee ),이동헌 ( Donghun Lee ),김호철 ( Hocheol Kim ),소윤조 ( Yunjo Soh ) 대한본초학회 2022 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.37 No.1
Objectives : The process through which mesenchymal cells condense and differentiate into chondrocytes to form new bone is known as endochondral bone formation. Chondrogenic differentiation and hypertrophy are essential steps in bone formation and are influenced by various factors. The stem bark and root bark of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus (ES) have been widely used to treat growth retardation and arthritis in traditional Korean Medicine. In this study, we aimed to investigate the possible role of the stem bark of ES in the stimulation of chondrogenic differentiation in clonal murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells. Methods : In ATDC5 cells treated with ES extract, cell viability and extracellular matrix production were determined using CCK-8 assay and Alcian blue staining, respectively, and alkaline phosphatase activity was measured. We also examined mRNA and protein expression levels of genes related to chondrogenic expression in ATDC5 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. Results : ES extract increased the accumulation of Alcian blue-stained cartilage nodules and alkaline phosphatase activity in ATDC5 cells. It increased the mRNA expressions of chondrogenic markers including bone sialoprotein (BSP), cartilage collagens, Runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OCN), β-catenin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), as well as the protein expressions of β-catenin, RUNX-2, BMP-2, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Conclusion : Taken together, these results suggest that ES extract exhibits a chondromodulating activity and therefore may be a possible agent for the treatment of bone growth disorders.
Lee, Donghun,Lee, Sung Hyun,Lee, Yoon Hee,Song, Jungbin,Kim, Hocheol Hindawi 2017 Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medic Vol.2017 No.-
<P>Astragalus extract mixture HT042 is a standardized ingredient of health functional food approved by Korean FDA with a claim of “height growth of children.” HT042 stimulates bone growth rate and increases local IGF-1 expression in growth plate of rats which can be considered as direct stimulation of GH and its paracrine/autocrine actions. However, it remains unclear whether HT042 stimulates circulatory IGF-1 which also plays a major role to stimulate bone growth. To determine the effects on circulatory IGF-1, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 expressions and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5 were evaluated in the liver after 10 days of HT042 administration. HT042 upregulated liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA expression, IGF-1 protein expression, and phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5. HT042 also increased bone growth rate and proliferative zonal height in growth plate. In conclusion, HT042 stimulates bone growth rate via increment of proliferative rate by upregulation of liver IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 mRNA followed by IGF-1 protein expression through phosphorylation of JAK2/STAT5, which can be regarded as normal functioning of GH-dependent endocrine pathway. </P>
염산/에탄올로 유도된 위손상 동물모델에서 HT074의 항궤양 효과
김영식 ( Young-sik Kim ),박효진 ( Hyojin Park ),송정빈 ( Jungbin Song ),이동헌 ( Donghun Lee ),김호철 ( Hocheol Kim ) 대한본초학회 2018 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.33 No.4
Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the anti-ulcer effect of an standardized herbal extracts mixture of Inulae Flos and Paeoniae Radix (HT074) on acidified ethanol induced gastric injury and its potential mechanisms. Methods : Antioxidant activities of HT074 and its constituents were measured by DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging capacity. After the oral administration of HT074 at doses of 100, 300 ㎎/㎏ twice per day for 14 days, Gastric lesions were induced by oral administration of acidified ethanol in Sprague Dawley rats. Oxidative stress markers, such as super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity, concentrations of catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) were measured in gastric mucosal tissues. Additionally, the expression of human mucin gene, Mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA in gastric mucosal tissues was measured. Results : HT074 showed dose dependent radical scavenging activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Oral administration of HT074 300 ㎎/㎏for 14 consecutive days significantly decreased gastric lesions and histological damages induced by HCl/EtOH in rats. HT074 treatment significantly increased the activity of SOD (300 ㎎/㎏) and concentration of GSH (100 and 300 ㎎/㎏), however catalase concentration was not significantly increased. MUC5AC mRNA expression was significantly increased by HT074 100, 300 ㎎/㎏ treatment. Conclusions : HT074 protects the gastric mucosa from oxidative stress caused by acidified ethanol by increasing the activity of SOD, concentration of GSH and mucin biosynthesis. These findings suggest that HT074 could be an effective candidate for prevention and treatment of gastritis and gastric ulcer.